Topic 5 - Audit Evidence - Student
Topic 5 - Audit Evidence - Student
Topic 5 - Audit Evidence - Student
Evidence (UEH)
Prescribed Reading
Course tittle: Principles of Auditing Session Topic 5 Materials Exercises Notes
Learning objectives of Topic 5
Contents of Topic 5
1 Overview of Audit Evidence and Audit Procedures
5.1 Define audit evidence.
5.2 Describe factors that affect the appropriateness and The Appropriateness and Sufficiency
2 of Audit Evidence
sufficiency of audit evidence.
5. Identify and understand the audit procedures for gathering 3 Audit Procedures for Obtaining Audit Evidence
audit evidence.
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Audit Evidence (UEH)
What is Audit Evidence?
Audit procedures can be defined as the actions that an
auditor takes in acquiring evidence.
ISA 500.5 defines audit evidence as all of the information
Audit evidence includes, although is not limited to,
used by the auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which
the audit opinion is based. evidence obtained from audit procedures performed during
the audit.
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Audit evidence obtained from audit procedures Audit evidence obtained from audit procedures
Tests of
controls Accounting
information Audit
evidence
Other information
Substantive
tests
Does audit evidence only include data and information underlying the financial report or accounting
Audit evidence includes all data and information underlying the financial report and
data and information?
7 corroborating information. 8
2. Sufficiency and Appropriateness of audit evidence Two determinants of audit evidence
Appropriateness (thích hợp)
• Reliability (độ tin cậy): influenced by nature of evidence, its source, and
individual circumstances.
• Relevance (sự phù hợp với mục tiêu kiểm toán): connection between the
APPROPRIATENESS SUFFICIENCY audit procedure and the assertion being considered
Sufficiency (đầy đủ)
• Risk of material misstatements
Audit procedures selected should provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence for
• Quality of audit evidence
the auditor to form conclusions concerning the validity of individual assertions
embodied in the components of the financial report and to give an audit opinion (ISA Auditor should design and perform audit procedures that are appropriate in the
200 and ISA 500). circumstances for the purpose of obtaining sufficient appropriate audit evidence.
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ISA 500
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Audit Evidence (UEH)
Exercises: Other issues (1)
Compare the reliability of these audit evidences: Reliability of internal documentation (Xem xét tài liệu của đơn vị được kiểm toán)
1. “a written confirmation directly from a customer” Vs “sales invoices indicating that a Reliability varies with:
sale was billed” Independence if source of evidence
2. “pre‐numbered documents or a sequence of check” Vs “un‐numbered documents” Nature of evidence
3. “a confirmation obtained directly from the bank” Vs “ a copy of bank statement held by Quality of client’s internal controls
the client” Management’s motivation to misstatement (potential occurrence of frauds)
4. “a written confirmation from debtors” Vs “ telephone confirmation from debtors”
5. “original documents” Vs “photocopies, facsimiles (bản sao), electronic
documents/scanned files”
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Other issues (2) 2.2. Sufficiency
Sufficiency relates to quantity of audit evidence necessary to provide the auditor with a
reasonable basis for an opinion on the financial report.
Paper or Electronic Documentation (Tài liệu điện tử) The quantity of audit evidence required is affected by the:
An major challenge for auditors is to determine which electronic data is reliable. Risk of material misstatements
Computer system can be designed to provide safeguards similar to paper‐based The quality of Audit evidence
systems. Sufficiency is a matter of professional judgment based on:
Nature of audit procedures
If auditor is going to rely on electronic data, s/he must develop a
Timeliness of financial reporting
understanding of: Cost and benefit analysis
Client’s computer system Quite often determined by reference to sampling (chapter 10).
Controls used to safeguard electronic data from manipulation/destruction
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Audit Evidence (UEH)
3. Audit procedures 8 Types of Audit Evidence
8 Common audit procedures (ISA 500.A14‐25)
• Inspection of tangible assets 1. Physical
Examination 2. Inspection of
• Inspection of documents 3. Observation documentation
• Observation
• Inquiry Audit 4. Inquiry
6. Recalculation Evidence
• Confirmation
• Recalculation 5. Confirmation
Existence
Reliability: It provides a HIGH Reliable AE concerning the “Sheet to floor” test for
existence (baèng chöùng vaät chaát coù ñoä tin caäy raát cao, ñaëïc bieät laø overstatement
ñoái vôùi muïc tieâu hieän höõu) 19 (khai khống)
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Audit Evidence (UEH)
Note that: the direction of testing determines whether
existence/occurrence or completeness assertion is tested.
Existence
Reliability: It depends of the nature and source, and on the (Occurrence)/
Test for overstatement
effectiveness internal control over their processing. Valuation and (khai khống)
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Allocation
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Use one’s senses to assess client activities.
Eg.: Look at a process or procedure being performed by others.
It is the obtaining of written or oral information from
Tour plant to obtain a general impression of client’s facilities.
the client in response to questions from the auditor.
Observation is rarely sufficient by itself because it provides AE about the performance at the point in The question‐and‐answer process includes
time at which the observation takes place or the action being observed
interviewing and obtaining written statements from
Often need to corroborate with another kind of
management and employees.
evidence.
Reliability: Observation is rarely sufficient Reliability is not high, auditor needs to obtain support for the
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reasonableness of the answers given
Audit Evidence (UEH)
3.6. Recalculation and Re‐performance
3.5. Confirmations (Xác nhận từ bên ngoài)
The process of obtaining a presentation of (Tính toán lại và Thực hiện lại)
Recalculation: It involves rechecking a sample of
information or of an existing condition directly
from a third party. calculations made by the client.
Check the mathematical accuracy of documents/records, eg. Depreciation check
Confirmations are usually sent to: Can be performed through the use of information technology
Customers/clients (Accounts receivables)
Suppliers (Accounts payables)
Banks and other creditors Re‐performance: It is the auditor’s independent tests of client accounting
Consignee, legal consultants, lawyers, etc.
procedures or controls that were originally done.
The application of Analytical procedures in Audit (2) The application of Analytical procedures in Audit (3)
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Trend analysis:
Types of Analytical procedures Consider the
fluctuation of an
Trend Analysis
600
account (occurred
Three types of analytical procedures commonly used by auditors are amounts/ 540
480
Trend analysis: The analysis of changes in an account balances) over a
420
relatively long
Eg: Comparison of current balances in the financial report with balances of prior periods, and budgeted amounts. period / period to 360
see the 300
Ratio analysis: comparison across time, or compare to a benchmark to identify the the reasonableness of 240
120
information. 60
Eg.: Computation of ratios and percentage relationships for comparison with prior years, budgets and industry averages 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(ratio analysis).
20x1 20x2
Reasonableness analysis: analysis of accounts or changes in accounts that relating to
the development of a model to form an expectation based on financial, non‐ financial Analyzing the monthly fluctuation of selling expenses of the year 20X1 and
20X2.
information, or both. 32
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Audit Evidence (UEH)
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