Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 77 views

    The History of Tourism and Hospitality

    Uploaded by

    Christian Logdat
    This document provides an overview of the history of tourism and hospitality. It describes how early tourism began as travel for business and religious purposes. The development of inns, taverns, and other forms of accommodation is traced from ancient civilizations like the Sumerians through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Key developments that expanded tourism included the Grand Tour tradition, railroads in the 19th century, and increased air travel in the 20th century. The roles of pioneers like Cesar Ritz, Ellsworth Statler, and Conrad Hilton in professionalizing and growing the hotel industry are also highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The History of Tourism and Hospitality

    Uploaded by

    Christian Logdat
    77 views32 pages
    This document provides an overview of the history of tourism and hospitality. It describes how early tourism began as travel for business and religious purposes. The development of inns, taverns, and other forms of accommodation is traced from ancient civilizations like the Sumerians through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Key developments that expanded tourism included the Grand Tour tradition, railroads in the 19th century, and increased air travel in the 20th century. The roles of pioneers like Cesar Ritz, Ellsworth Statler, and Conrad Hilton in professionalizing and growing the hotel industry are also highlighted.

    Original Description:

    History of tourism

    Original Title

    THE-HISTORY-OF-TOURISM-AND-HOSPITALITY

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of the history of tourism and hospitality. It describes how early tourism began as travel for business and religious purposes. The development of inns, taverns, and other forms of accommodation is traced from ancient civilizations like the Sumerians through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Key developments that expanded tourism included the Grand Tour tradition, railroads in the 19th century, and increased air travel in the 20th century. The roles of pioneers like Cesar Ritz, Ellsworth Statler, and Conrad Hilton in professionalizing and growing the hotel industry are also highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    77 views32 pages

    The History of Tourism and Hospitality

    Uploaded by

    Christian Logdat
    This document provides an overview of the history of tourism and hospitality. It describes how early tourism began as travel for business and religious purposes. The development of inns, taverns, and other forms of accommodation is traced from ancient civilizations like the Sumerians through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Key developments that expanded tourism included the Grand Tour tradition, railroads in the 19th century, and increased air travel in the 20th century. The roles of pioneers like Cesar Ritz, Ellsworth Statler, and Conrad Hilton in professionalizing and growing the hotel industry are also highlighted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 32

    THE HISTORY OF TOURISM AND

    HOSPITALITY
    THC 101: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    WEEK 2.0
    PREPARED BY:
    JAYMAR LOZA
    ?
    LEARNING OUTCOME

    At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:


    1. Describe the history of the tourism and hospitality industry;4
    2. Explain the origin of tourism and hospitality in the Philippines
    3. Identify the international travel patters and
    4. Describe the factors that favor the growth of Tourism and Hospitality
    THE HISTORY OF TOURISM
    EARLY TOURISM
    • TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION ARE BASIC TO HUMAN NATURE.
    • TOURISM IS DERIVED FROM THE HEBREW WORD TORAH WHICH MEANS STUDYING,
    LEARNING OR SEARCHING.
    • EARLY TOURISM HAS TWO FORMS: TRAVEL FOR BUSINESS SUCH AS TRADING AND
    RELIGIOUS TRAVEL.
    TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
    • NO ONE DURING THIS TIME TRAVELD FOR PLEASURE. CRUSADERS AND PILGRIMS WERE
    THE ONLY ONES WHO TRAVELED.
    TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERAS
    • A FEW RENOWNED UNIVERSITIES DEVELOPED SO THAT TRAVEL FOR EDUCATION WAS
    INTRODUCED LARGELY BY THE BRITISH. TRAVEL FOR EDUCATION BECAME POPULAR IN
    THE 16TH CENTURY.
    • UNDER ELIZABETH I, YOUNG MEN SEEKING POSITIONS IN COURT WERE ENCOURAGED
    TO TRAVEL TO THE CONTINENT TO WIDEN THEIR EDUCATION.
    THE HISTORY OF TOURISM
    MODERN TOURISM
    TOURISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY
    • TWO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EARLY PART OF THE 19TH
    CENTURY HAD A GREAT EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF TOURISM.
    • THERE WERE THE INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAYS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
    STEAM POWERS.
    THE HISTORY OF TOURISM
    MODERN TOURISM
    TOURISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY
    • PLEASURE TRAVEL CONTINUED TO EXPAND ENCOURAGED BY THE INCREASING
    WEALTH, CURIOSITY AND OUTGOING ATTITUDES OF THE PEOPLE AS WELL AS
    THE INCREASING EASE OF SUCH MOVEMENT.
    • AIR TRAVEL HAD BECOME MORE COMFORTABLE, SAFER, FASTER AND CHEAPER
    IN COMPARISON OF OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORT.
    THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
    ANCIENT PERIOD
    THE SUMERIANS
    • THE RECORDED HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY BEGAN WITH THE
    SUMERIANS, A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO LIVED IN MESOPOTAMIA (REGION IN
    IRAQ) NEAR THE PERSIAN GULF AT ABOUT 4000 BC.
    • THE SUMERIANS INVENTED MONEY AND WRITING AS A MEANS TO RECORD AND
    SETTLE THEIR BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS.
    • THE SUMERIANS WERE THE FIRST TO DEVELOP TRADE IN THE MODERN SENSE OF
    THE WORLD. IN ADDITION TO GROWING AND TRADING GRAINS, THE SUMERIANS
    CONVERTED IT TO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES OR BEERS WHICH BECAME THE MOST
    COMMON CONSUMED BEVERAGES IN SUMERIAN SOCIETY.
    THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
    ANCIENT PERIOD
    THE SUMERIANS
    • POLITICALLY, THE SUMERIANS ORGANIZED THEMSELVES IN TO CITY-STATES.
    SUMERIAN TRADERS REQUIRED THE SERVICES OF TRAVELERS, NAMELY FOOD,
    DRINKS AND SHELTER.
    • LOCAL SUMERIANS WERE ESTABLISHED TAVERNS MAKING THEM THE FIRST
    HOSPITALITY BUSINESS.
    • THESE TAVERNS SERVED BEERS TO THE LOCAL RESIDENTS. SOME OF THESE
    TAVERNS ATTRACTED CRIMINALS AND OTHERS WHO MEET AT THE TAVERNS TO
    PLOT CRIMES. THEY WERE COMMONLY TOLERATED.
    THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
    • ANCIENT PERIOD
    • EARLY TRADERS
    • IN 2000 BC, A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF
    TRADE HAD DEVELOPED AMONG THE
    PEOPLE OF MIDDLE EAST. MANY BECAME
    TRADERS OF EXOTIC GOODS. THEY NEEDED
    HOSPITALITY SERVICES FOR THEIR LONG
    JOURNERYS.
    • SOME ENTERPRISING INDIVIDUAL SET UP
    CARAVANERAI, WHICH PROVIDED FOOD
    AND SHELTER FOR TRAVELERS. THEY WERE
    THE EARLY EXAMPLES OF INNS.
    THE HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

    EMPIRES: 3200 BC TO 476 AD


    • FROM 3200 BC TO 476 AD, THREE SIGNIFICANT EMPIRES FLOURISHED- THE EGYPTIAN, GREEK AND
    ROMAN.
    EGYPTIAN EMPIRE

    THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE DEVELOPED SLOWLY OVER SEVERAL THOUSAND


    YEARS. BY 3200 BC, VARIOUS GROUPS HAD BEEN UNITED OVER ONE
    GOVERNMENT RULED BY A PHARAOH, THE EGYPTIAN TERM FOR KING.
    THE FAMOUS PYRAMIDS OR TOMBS FOR THE PHARAOS BECAME
    TOURIST ATTRACTIONS THAT MANY PEOPLE TRAVELD LONG DISTANCES
    TO SEE.
    GREEK EMPIRE

    ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION BEGAN TO DEVELOP ABOUT 1100 BC. IT


    INVOLVED IN THE FORM OF INDEPENDENT CITY STATES. THESE CITY
    STATES WERE UNITED BY PHILIP OF MACEDONIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE
    THIRD CENTURY BC. HIS SON ALEXANDER THE GREAT, BUILT AN EMPIRE
    THAT SURROUNDED THE MEDITERRANEAN AND EXTENDED AS FAR EAST
    AS INDIA.
    THE GREEKS WERE DEDICATED TRAVELERS. THEIR LAND AND SEA
    TRAVELS MADE THEM DOMINANANT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION.
    ROMAN EMPIRE

    • IN 146 BC, AFTER MANY YEARS OF CONFLICT, GREECE BECAME A ROMAN


    PROTECTORATE. ROMAN EFFORTD TERRITORIAL EXPANSION CONTINUED.
    • THE ROMANS CONSTRUCTED ELABORATE INNS ALONG MAINRODS FOR
    OFFICIALS AND COURIERS OF THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT. MARCO POLO
    DESCRIBED THIS INNS AS “FIT FOR A KING”.
    • NEAR THE CITIES, INND AND TAVERNS WERE CONSTRUCTED FOR LESS
    WEALTHY CITIZENS AND WERE RUN BY FREEMEN OR BY THEIR RETIRED
    GLADIATOR.
    • IT IS BELIEVED THAT ROMANS WERE THE FIRST TO ESTABLISH THE FIRST
    RESTAURANT CHAINS.
    MEDIEVAL PERIOD

    DARK AGES
    • INNKEEPING ALMOST DISAPPEARED EXCEPT LOCAL TAVERNS AND A
    FEW INNS WHICH SCATTERED THROUGHOUT EUROPE. THE ROMAN
    CATHOLIC CHURCH TOOK OVER THE JOB OF FEEDING AND HOUSING
    TRAVELERS.
    • CHARLEMAGNE ESTABLISHED RESTHOUSES FOR PILGRIMS.
    • THE CHURCH FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO ACCOMMODATE MANY
    TRAVELERS IN A LIMITED SPACE.
    MEDIEVAL PERIOD

    RENAISSANCE: 1350 AD TO 1600AD


    • DURING THIS PERIOD, THERE WERE NO RESTAURANTS OR DINING
    ESTABLISHMENTS. IN ENGLAND THERE WERE TAVERNS, PUBS AND
    INNS.
    • CONCERN ABOUT TABLE MANNERS INCREASED DURING THIS PERIOD
    AND RULES TO BE OBSERVED AT THE DINNER TABLE DEVELOPED.
    EARLY MODERN PERIOD

    • IN THE 16TH CENTURY, A TYPE OF EATING PLACE FOR COMMONERS


    CALLED AN ORDINARY APPEARED IN ENGLAND.
    • DURING THIS ERA, COFFEE AND TEA BEGAN TO INFLUENCE THE
    CULINARY HABITS OF WESTERN EUROPE.
    • DURING THE NEXT CENTURY, COFFEE HOUSES WERE BUILT ALL OVER
    EUROPE. IN VENICE, THE FAMOUS CAFÉ FLORIAN ON THE PIAZZA SAN
    MARCO WAS CONSTRUCTED (1652)
    • 1683, KOLCHITSKI OPENED THE FIRST COFFEE HOUSE IN CENTRAL
    EUROPE.
    EARLY MODERN PERIOD
    • THE ADVENT OF STAGECOACH TRAVEL REVOLUTIONIZED HOSPITALITY ON
    THE ROAD. COACHING INNS, TIRED HORSES WERE EXCHANGED WITH FRESH
    HORSES AND STAGECOACH PASSENGERS WERE FED AND GIVEN THE
    OPPORTUNITY TO REST OVERNIGHT.
    • POST-HOUSES WERE SIMILAR TO THE COACHING INNS. THEY WERE
    EQUIPPED TO FEED DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS AND ACCOMMODATE THEM
    OVERNIGHT.
    • THE FOOD SERVICE ELEMENT OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY CHANGED
    DRAMATICALLY.
    • BOULANGER IS RECOGNIZED AS THE FIRST TO CREATE THE FIRST
    RESTAURANT, AS ESTABLISHMENT OPEN TO THE PUBLIC WITH A DINING
    ROOM WHERE A VARIETY OF FOODS COULD BE BOUGHT AND CONSUMED.
    EARLY MODERN PERIOD

    • IN THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS


    FLOURISHED.
    • ANOTHER TYPE OF FOOD SERVICE ESTABLISHMENT WHICH DEVELOPED
    IN FRANCE WAS THE CAFÉ. CAFÉ IS THE FRENCH WORD FOR COFFEE.
    EARLY MODERN PERIOD

    THE INDUSTRIAL ERA: FROM 1800


    • THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILROAD NETWORKS, FIRST IN ENGLAND
    THEN IN OTHER COUNTIRES HAD GREATER EFFECT ON THE
    HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY.
    MODERN PERIOD

    NINETEENTH CENTURY
    • IN 1875, A DINING FACILITY WAS OPENED IN THE ALBERMARLE HOTEL IN
    LONDON. BY THIS TIME, THE TERM RESTAURANT REFFERED TO THE
    DINING ROOM OF A HOTEL.
    • IN LONDON, MORE LUXURIOUS HOTELS BEGAN TO APPEAR. SOME
    WERE KNOWN FOR THEIR EXCELLENT GUEST ACCOMODATION AND
    SUPERIOR FOOD.
    • ONE OF THE BEST KNOWN HOTELS WAS THE SAVOY WHICH WAS
    OPENED BY RICHARD d’OYLY CARTE IN 1889. IN THE SAVOY, d’OYLY
    CARTE EMPLOYED TWO MEN WHO BECAME FAMOUS THROUGHOUT
    THE WORLD. CESAR RITZ AND AUGUSTE ESCOFFIER.
    MODERN PERIOD

    NINETEENTH CENTURY
    • THE GENERAL MANAGER WAS THE RENOWNED CESAR RITZ AND CHEF
    DES CUISINES WAS AUGUSTE ESCOFFIER. THESE TWO MEN
    REVOLUTIONIZED THE HOTEL RESTAURANTS.
    • A. ESCOFFIER WAS ONE OF THE GREATEST CHEFS OF ALL TIME, HE IS
    KNOWN FOR HIS CLASSIC BOOK, LE GUIDE CULINAIRE AND ALSO
    INSTALLED THE KITCHEN BRIGADE SYSTEM.
    MODERN PERIOD
    TWENTIETH CENTURY
    • IN 1921, WALTER ANDERSON AND BILLY INGRAHAM BEGAN THE WHITE
    CASTLE HAMBURGER CHAINS.
    • MARRIOTS HOT SOPPE AND ROOT BEER STANDS OPENED IN 1927.
    • IN 1925, HOWARD JOHNSON OPENED HIS ORIGINAL RESTAURANT IN
    WOLLASTON, MASSCHUSETTS.
    • IN 1934, THE RAINBOW ROOM OPENED.
    • IN 1937, TRADERS VIC’S RESTAURANT OPENED.
    • IN 1939, A RESTAURANT CALLED LE PAVILLION DE FRANCE OPENED IN NEW
    YORK.
    • THE FOUR SEASONS ALSO OPENED IN 1939.
    MODERN PERIOD

    TWENTIETH CENTURY
    • 1950s, EMERGENCE OF FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS.
    • 1960s, FINE DINING BECAME POPULAR.
    • 1970s, NEW ESTABLISHMENTS WERE INTRODUCED SUCH AS TACO BELL,
    TGI FRIDAYS, HOUSTONS AND RED LOBSTER IN RESTAURANT
    INDUSTRY, WHILE DAYS INN, SUPER 8 MOTELS, AND COMFORT INNS IN
    THE LODGING INDUSTRY, CORPORATIONS SUCH AS THE FOUR SEASON,
    CANADIAN PACIFIC, MARRIOT, HYATT, SHERATON, HILTON, RADISSON,
    RAMADA, AND OTHER HIGH-CLASS CHAINS INCREASED.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    CESAR RITZ
    ❑ BECAME THE GENERAL
    MANAGER OF THE SAVOY HOTEL
    IN LONDON. THE RITZ NAME IS
    SYNONYMOUS WITH REFINED,
    ELEGANT HOTELS AND SERVICE.
    AT PRESENT, RITZ-CARLTON
    HOTEL BEAR HIS NAME.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    ELLSWORTH MILTON STATLER
    ❑ CONSIDERED TO BE THE PRIMIER
    HOTEL-MAN OF ALL TIME. HE
    BROUGHT A HIGH STANDARD OF
    COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE TO
    THE MIDDLE CLASS TRAVELER AT
    AN AFFORDABLE PRICE.
    ❑ HE WAS THE FIRST TO PUT
    TELEPHONES AND RADIOS IN
    EVERY GUEST ROOMS TOGETHER
    WITH FULL LENGTH MIRRORS,
    BUILT IN CLOSET AND FAUCET.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    CONRAD HILTON
    ❑ RECOGNIZED AS “THE BIGGEST
    HOTEL MAN IN THE WORLD.”
    ❑ HE WAS DESCRIBED BY THE NEW
    YORK TIMES AS THE “MASTER OF
    HOTEL FINANCE.”
    ❑ HE FORMED THE FIRST MAJOR
    CHAIN OF AMERICAN HOTELS-
    GROUP OF HOTELS WHICH
    FOLLOWED STANDARD
    OPERATING PROCEDURES.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    THOMAS COOK
    ❑ RECOGNIZED AS THE FIRST
    PROFESSIONAL TRAVEL AGENT.
    ❑ HE WAS THE FOUNDER OF THE
    WORLD FIRST TRAVEL AGENCY.
    ❑ HE IS CREDITED FOR MAKING
    WORLD TRAVEL POSSIBLE FOR
    MIDDLE CLASS.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    HOWARD DEARING JOHNSON
    ❑ WAS THE PIONEER OF BRAND
    LEVERAGING.
    ❑ HE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO
    INTRODUCED FRANCHISING IN
    THE 1930s.
    ❑ AT PRESENT, HOWARD
    JOHNSON IS ONE OF THE
    FAMOUS NAMES IN THE
    RESTAURANT AND HOTEL
    BUSINESS.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    J. WILLARD MARRIOTT
    ❑ FOUNDED THE MARRIOT
    CORPORATION WHICH HAS
    CONTINUED TO BE AN
    IMPORTANT ASSET TO THE
    HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    RAY KROC
    ❑ HAS BEEN THE MOST FINANCIALLY
    SUCCESSFUL OF ALL HOSPITALITY
    ENTREPRENEURS.
    ❑ HE FOUNDED THE McDONALDS
    CORPORATION, A MULTIBILLION-
    DOLLAR INDUSTRY.
    ❑ KROCS MOTTO, “NEVER BE IDLE A
    MOMENT.” WAS ALSO
    INCORPORATED INTO THE
    BUSINESS.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    ISADORE SHARP
    ❑ FIRST-GENERATION CANADIAN,
    WAS THE FOUNDER OF FOUR
    SEASONS REGENT HOTELS, THE
    WORLD’S LARGEST HOTEL
    CHAINS AND A MULTIMILLION-
    DOLLAR GLOBAL HOTEL
    EMPIRE.
    PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
    INDUSTRY.
    RUTH FERTEL
    ❑ FOUNDER OF CHRIS STEAK
    HOUSE, THE LARGEST UPSCALE
    RESTAURANT CHAIN IN THE
    UNITED STATES.
    ❑ IT HAS 59 OPERATIONS- 54 IN
    THE US AND PUERTO RICO AND
    FIVE INTERNATIONALLY. IT
    SELLS MORE THAN 11,000
    STEAKS DAILY WITH A GROSS
    INCOME OF 200 MILLION
    DOLLARS A YEAR.

    You might also like