Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    11S Periodic Table

    Uploaded by

    LEA DHILLON
    The periodic table classifies elements into groups and periods based on their atomic structure. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of outer shell electrons. Group I contains the alkali metals, which include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These metals are soft, have low melting and boiling points, and their properties, such as density and reactivity, trend in a predictable way down the group as atomic radius increases. Reactivity increases due to the increasing ease of donating their single outer electron.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    11S Periodic Table

    Uploaded by

    LEA DHILLON
    21 views4 pages
    The periodic table classifies elements into groups and periods based on their atomic structure. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of outer shell electrons. Group I contains the alkali metals, which include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These metals are soft, have low melting and boiling points, and their properties, such as density and reactivity, trend in a predictable way down the group as atomic radius increases. Reactivity increases due to the increasing ease of donating their single outer electron.

    Original Description:

    PERIODIC TABLE

    Original Title

    11S Periodic table

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The periodic table classifies elements into groups and periods based on their atomic structure. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of outer shell electrons. Group I contains the alkali metals, which include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These metals are soft, have low melting and boiling points, and their properties, such as density and reactivity, trend in a predictable way down the group as atomic radius increases. Reactivity increases due to the increasing ease of donating their single outer electron.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views4 pages

    11S Periodic Table

    Uploaded by

    LEA DHILLON
    The periodic table classifies elements into groups and periods based on their atomic structure. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of outer shell electrons. Group I contains the alkali metals, which include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These metals are soft, have low melting and boiling points, and their properties, such as density and reactivity, trend in a predictable way down the group as atomic radius increases. Reactivity increases due to the increasing ease of donating their single outer electron.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Periodic table

    1. The periodic table is the chemist way of classifying the


    elements.
    2. The groups (Column, vertical) (Total 8 groups)
    a) The element in a group have similar properties.
    b) They have similar properties because their atoms have
    the same number of outer shell electrons (valency
    electrons).
    Group I II III IV V VI VII VIII
    Valency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    Electron
    c) So, the group number is the same as the number of outer
    shell electrons.
    (Except for Helium, which is in group VIII, but has a stable
    arrangement of 2 outer shell electrons)
    3. The periods (Rows, horizontal) (Total 7 periods)
    a) As you go along a period from left to right, the proton
    numbers of the elements increases by 1 each time.
    b) The elements in a period DO NOT have similar properties.
    In fact, there is a trend (gradual change) from metal to
    non-metal properties along the period, left to right.
    c) The properties change because the number of outer shell
    electrons increases.

    Group I: The Alkali Metals


    Name Symbol Electron arrangement /
    Configuration
    Lithium Li 2.1
    Sodium Na 2.8.1
    Potassium K 2.8.8.1
    Rubidium Rb 2.8.18.8.1
    Caesium Cs 2.8.18.18.8.1
    Francium Fr 2.8.18.32.18.8.1
    2. Physical properties
    a) alkali metals
    b) soft metals (Eg: can cut with a knife)
    c) low density (Eg: Li, Na and K can float on water)
    d) low melting point and boiling point

    e)They are good conductor of heat and electricity

    f) Atomic radius increases down the group because:


    (i) the number of filled electron shell increases.
    (ii) the distance between the outermost electron shell and the
    Nucleus increases.
    (iii) therefore, the atomic radius increases down the group.

    Task: Draw the 1st 3 elements in group I, show the atomic


    radius.
    g) Density increases down the group because of the increasing
    relative atomic mass (Ar) of the element.
    h) Melting and boiling point decreases down the group
    because:
    i) Atomic radius increases
    ii) The electrostatic bond between proton in the nucleus
    and electron becomes weaker
    iii) Less energy is required to overcome the weak force of
    attraction
    iv) Hence, the melting and boiling point decreases down
    the group.

    3.Chemical Properties

    a) The element in Group I have same chemical properties.


    Why? Because each has 1 valence electron.
    b) Reactivity increases down the group because:
    i) Each group I element has 1 valence electron
    ii) Reactivity of group I elements depends on the
    tendency of the elements to donate their valence
    electron.
    iii) The atomic radius increases
    iv) The forces of attraction between the nucleus and the
    valence electron become weaker.
    v) The element loses its valence electron more easily
    and form single positive ion.
    vi) Hence, the reactivity increases down the group.
    c) Reaction:
    i) *Group I element + cold water ------ alkali +
    hydrogen gas
    2Na + 2H2O ------- 2NaOH + H2
    ii) *Group I element + oxygen gas --- metal oxide
    4Na + O2 ---- 2Na2O
    iii) Group I element + halogen (Group VII) ---- metal
    halide
    2Na + Cl2 ------ 2NaCl

    Trends in their reactivity: what you see when a small piece of


    metal is put into water:
    1. Lithium: a lot of fizz around the floating metal
    2. Sodium: it shoots around on the surface of the water
    3. Potassium: it melts and the hydrogen burst into flames
    4. Rubidium: sparks fly everywhere
    5. Caesium: a violent explosion
    Task:
    1. Which alkali metal has the highest boiling point?
    2. Which is softer, sodium or potassium?
    3. Describe the trend in reactivity as you go up the alkali metal group.
    4. Francium is a very rare and unstable element, its properties have not been
    established by experiment.
    a) What physical properties would you predict for Francium?
    b) Which other alkali metal would Francium be most like in its reactivity?

    You might also like