Unit 1 Topic 2
Unit 1 Topic 2
Unit 1 Topic 2
2.1 Introduction
2. Social control theory analysis the failure of society to control criminal tendency.
Social process theories have greatly influenced social policies and have controlled
both treatment orientations and community action policies.
2.2 Crime & Social processes
The social learning theory is one of the type of social process theory. It shows that
people learn to be vigorous by perceiving other acting aggressively to achieve
some goal or being rewarded for violent Acts.
# Explain why some people in high crime area refrain from criminality
5. A person becomes a criminal when he/she perceives more favorable than the
unfavorable consequences to violating the law
3. Circular in reasoning
Neutralization Theory:-
It shows that law violators learn to neutralize conventional values and attitudes
enabling them to push back and forth between criminal and conventional behavior.
It explains why many lawbreaking doesn’t become adult criminals it also explains
why youthful law offender can participate in ordinary behavior.
This shows that people commit crime when the process binding them to society are
weakened or broken. It explains onset of crime; can apply to both lower and
middle classes has been empirically tested. What forces some people to obey rules
1. self-control
2. Commitment conformity
Self-control
A strong moral sense that renders someone incapable of hurting others and
violating social norms
Commitment of conformity
Joins the onset of criminality to the incapacitate of the ties that bind people to
society. There are 4 main elements of the social bond according to contemporary
social control theory
1. Attachment
2. Commitment
3. Involvement
4. Belief
SOCIAL REACTION (LABELING) THEORY:-
The social labeling theory is one of the types of social process theory.
Social labeling shows that people become criminals when labeled as such and
when they accepted the labels as a personal identity. It explains societies’ or
surroundings’ role in creating aberrant. It’s also explains why; some juvenile
offenders/criminals do not become adult.
2.3 Conclusion
Social process theory lies on its three pillars social learning, social control & social
labeling. Social process theory promotes conventional line of behavior.
It focuses on the families and school of strength and bone. It reshapes an offenders
or criminals self image or self attitude. It helps to redirect the criminal or offender;
or helps to recover self image or self attitude of offender in the view of society.