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    RC Circuit

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    jana
    A capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates separated by an insulating material. It stores electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite polarity on each plate. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric constant of the insulating material. During charging and discharging, the capacitor's voltage and current change exponentially with time according to the time constant RC, where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance in the circuit.

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    RC Circuit

    Uploaded by

    jana
    9 views23 pages
    A capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates separated by an insulating material. It stores electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite polarity on each plate. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric constant of the insulating material. During charging and discharging, the capacitor's voltage and current change exponentially with time according to the time constant RC, where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance in the circuit.

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    A capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates separated by an insulating material. It stores electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite polarity on each plate. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric constant of the insulating material. During charging and discharging, the capacitor's voltage and current change exponentially with time according to the time constant RC, where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance in the circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views23 pages

    RC Circuit

    Uploaded by

    jana
    A capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates separated by an insulating material. It stores electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite polarity on each plate. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric constant of the insulating material. During charging and discharging, the capacitor's voltage and current change exponentially with time according to the time constant RC, where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance in the circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    A device for storing charges Standard symbol

    Capacitor

    consists of two parallel conducting


    plates equally but oppositely
    charged separated from each
    other by a thin sheet of insulating
    material or dielectric Commercial Capacitors
    TRIVIA
    • In October 1745, Ewald
    Georg von Kleist invented
    the first recorded
    capacitor: a glass jar
    coated inside and out with
    metal.
    Parallel Plate Capacitor
    +Q Area A
    z

    d
    -Q

    Find the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor and energy stored in the
    system
    Capacitor in nature
    • Clouds, especially the
    cumulonimbus clouds
    may be considered as a
    capacitor with the
    upper portion positively
    charged and lower
    portion negative
    charged.
    • Clouds-ground
    capacitor
    Biological cell capacitor
    • voltage difference
    across the membrane of
    a cell is 60 millivolts
    Capacitance

    Ratio of charge of one


    plate to the potential
    Ability to difference SI unit: Farad (F)
    store charges
    1F = 1 C/V
    q
    C=
    V

    A ε =permitivity of
    C =e dielectric
    d

    6
    Keyboard
    C= εA/d

    In a capacitive keyboard, each key is connected to a plunger, the other end of which
    is connected to a movable plate. This movable plate is separated by a dielectric
    from a fixed metal plate just below it. These two plates form a capacitor. Pressing a
    key decreases the distance between the plates resulting in an increase in
    capacitance. A microprocessor detects this change and interprets which key is
    pressed.
    Sample Problem 10.13
    A capacitor consists of two square metal plates,
    each measuring 5.00x10-2m on a side. In
    between the plates is a sheet of mica measuring
    1.00 x 10-4m thick. (a) What is the capacitance of
    this capacitor? (b) If the charge in one plate is
    2.00 x 10-8 C, what is the potential difference
    between the plates?
    ε=6(8.85 x10-12 F/m) =53.1x10-
    12F/m

    8
    • A) C=(53.1x10-12F/m)(5.0x10-2 m)2 /1x10-4m
    • =1.33x10-9F
    • Dielectric constant=ε of dielectric/ε of vacuum
    • ε of vacuum =8.85x10-12F/m
    • B) C=q/V V=q/C=2x10-8 /1.33x10-9
    =15.04Volts

    9
    Combination of Capacitors
    In series In parallel

    1 1 1 1 CT = C1 + C2 + C3 + ......
    = + + + ......
    CT C1 C2 C3 VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = .....
    VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + .....
    qT = q1 + q2 + q3 + .....
    qT = q1 = q2 = q3 = ....

    10
    Sample Problem 10.14
    Find the total capacitance for each connection
    shown. C1 = 10.0 F, C2= 5.0 F, and C3 = 4.0 F.

    A) 1/C =1/10+1/5+1/4=0.1+0.2+0.25=0.55
    C=1/0.55=1.82F
    B) C=10+5+4=19F
    C) C1in series with C2=3.33 F CT=3.33+4=7.33 F
    11
    Energy Stored in a Capacitor
    1
    U = qV
    2
    Application

    A defribillator is a standard emergency equipment in


    any hospital. It is basically a capacitor charged to
    about 7500 to 10000 volts and can store about
    400joules of energy. It is used for emergency
    resuscitation from a heart stoppage or ventricular
    fibrillation by releasing its stored energy through
    paddles placed on both sides of the patient’s chest.

    12
    The flash attachment in a
    camera uses a capacitor.
    During the time the flash is
    not ready, the battery of the
    camera is charging this
    capacitor. The flash is ready
    when the capacitor is fully
    charged. The light from the
    photoflash is generated
    from the energy released in
    the sudden discharge of the
    capacitor.
    Sample Problem 10.15
    What is the energy stored in a 35μF capacitor
    when the charge on each plate is 2500 μC?
    What is the potential difference between the
    plates of the capacitor?

    C=q/v 35x10-6F=2500x10-6C/V
    V=71.43volts Energy =(1/2)qv
    Energy =1/2(2500x10-6C)(71.42V)
    =0.09J

    14
    RC Circuit

    15
    Charging the capacitor

    −t / RC
    VC = Vs (1-e )
    VS −t / RC
    IC = e
    R

    16
    lnVC = lnVS + t / RC
    y = b + mx

    17
    Charging the capacitor Graphs

    18
    Discharging the Capacitor

    19
    Discharging Capacitor

    20
    Discharging the Capacitor

    − t / RC
    VC = VS e
    VS − t / RC
    IC = − e
    R
    21
    − t / RC
    VC = VS ( 1 − e )
    − t / RC
    VC = VS − Vs e
    VC − VS − t / RC
    − =e
    VS
    ( VS − VC )
    ln = −t / RC
    VS

    − t / RC
    ln( Vs − VC ) = e + lnVS

    22
    lnVC = lnVS − t / RC
    y = b + mx
    slope = 1 / RC Exptal RC =1/slope

    23

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