Chapter 5: Bivariate Analysis

JUL 2022

a) Independent variable: Height of Father (cm)

Dependent variable: Height of Son (cm) (2
marks)
b) r = 0.446
The relationship is moderate positive between the height of son and the height of father. (2
marks)
c) Y = 96.281 + 0.432X (1 mark)
d) For every 1 cm increase in the fathers’ height, there will be 0.432 cm increase in the son’s height. . (1
mark)
e) Y = 96.281 + 0.432 (192)
= 179.225 cm (2 marks)

FEB 2022

a) n = 12 ∑ x =47.5 ∑ x 2=204.25 ∑ y=712 ∑ y2 =45588 ∑ xy =3045.5

12 ( 3045.5 ) −(47.5)( 712)
r= = 0.975
√ [ 12 ( 204.25 )−( 47.5) ][ 12 ( 45588 ) −(712) ]
2 2

(4 marks)
b) There is very strong positive relationship between age and mileage of the cars. (1 mark)
c) r2 = (0.975)2 = 0.951 (1
mark)
95.1% of variation in mileage of the cars is explained by age of the cars. (1 mark)
d) Y = 3.927 + 13.997 X. (1 mark)
e) For every 1-year increase in age of the cars, the mileage of the car will increase by 13,997 km. (1
mark)
f) Y = 3.927 + 13.997 (4.3)
= 64.114 (‘000 km) (1 mark)

JUL 2021

a) Predictor variable: Driver’s age

Response variable: number of accidents (1 mark)
b) n = 10 ∑ x =229 2
∑
x =5495 ∑ y=18 ∑ y =54 2
∑ xy =358
10 ( 358 )−(229)(18)
r= = - 0.736
√ [ 10 ( 5495 )−(229) ][ 10 ( 54 ) −(18) ]
2 2

There is strong negative linear relationship between driver’s age and the number of accidents. (5 marks)
c) Slope: -0.216
On average, if age increase by 1 year, the number of accidents will decrease by 0.216 unit. (2
marks)
d) Y = 6.747 - 0.216 X. (1 mark)
e) X = 30
Y = 6.747 - 0.216 (30)
= 0.267 (2 marks)

FEB 2021

∑ x∑ y
∑ xy− n

√[ ][∑ ]
a) r =
(∑ x) (∑ y )
2 2

∑x−2
n
2
y−
n
 (1218)(11894)
974,565−
15

√[ ][ ]
=
( 1218 )2 ( 11894 )2
99898− 9523866−
15 15
8904.2
=
√ [ 996.4 ][ 96308.93 ]
= 0.9126 (4
marks)
There is a strong positive linear relationship between performance and Mathematics aptitute score. (1
mark)
b) Performance = 78.06 + 8.80 (Mathematics aptitute score). (2 marks)
This indicates that for a 1% increase in Mathematics aptitute score, the performance score will increase by 8.8 points.
(1 mark)
c) r2 = (0.9126)2 = 0.833 (1
mark)
This indicates that 83.3% of the variation in performance is explained by mathematics aptitute score of the employees.
(1 mark)
d) Performance = 78.06 + 8.80 (75).
= 738.06 points. (2
marks)

DEC 2019

a) There is positive relationship between numbers of month owned MP3 and number of song stored on MP3. (1
mark)
SS XY
b) r =
√ SS XX SSYY
∑ x∑ y
∑ xy− n

√[ ][∑ ]
=
(∑ x) (∑ y )
2 2

∑x −2
n n
2
y−
( 224)(4539)
108069−
15

√[ ][ ]
=
( 224 )2 ( 4539 )2
5252− 2249085−
15 15
= 0.9859 (4
marks)
There is very strong positive relationship between numbers of month owned MP3 and number of song stored on MP3.
(1
mark)
c) r2 = (0.9859)2 x 100 = 97.2 % (1 mark)
d) Coefficient of determination (1 mark)
e) Y = - 12.887 + 21.126 X (1 mark)
Increase 1 month in the number of owned MP3, the number of song stored on MP3 will increase by 21.126. (1
mark)
f) Y = - 12.887 + 21.126 (37)
= 768.775 (2 marks)

JUN 2019

a) n = 10 ∑ x =190 ∑ x 2=4532 ∑ y=400 ∑ y2 =20414 ∑ xy =9152

 SS XY
r=
√ SS XX SSYY
∑ x∑ y
∑ xy− n

√[
=
(∑ x)
][∑ (∑ y )
]
2 2

∑x −
2
n
2
y−
n

(190)(400)
9152−
10

√[
=
4532−
( 190 )2
10 ][
20414−
( 400 )2
10 ]
= 0.769 (4
marks)
There is strongly positive relationship between the length of advertisement and sales. (1
mark)
b) Y = 8.017 + 1.683 X (1 mark)
b = 1.683
For each additional one second in the length of advertisement aired on TV, the company sales will increase by 1.683
(RM’00). (1
mark)
c) r2 = (0.769)2 = 0.591. (1
mark)
59.1% variation in sales (RM’00) is explained by length of advertisement (seconds). (1
mark)
d) Y = 8.017 + 1.683 X
= 8.017 + 1.683 (10)
= 24.847 (RM’00) @ RM2484.7 (2 marks)

DEC 2018

a) Dependent, y - monthly salary

Independent, x - working experience. (2 marks)
b) Coefficient of determination = 0.878.
Interpretation: 87.8% variations in monthly salary is due to working expereince. (2
marks)
√
c) M = 0.878=0.937
Comment: There is a strongly positive linear relationship between working experience and monthly salary. (2
marks)
d) y = 23.470 + 1.194x.
Interpretation of b: For each additional increase of 1 year experience, the monthly salary will increase by RM1.194(’00)
@ RM119.40.
(2 marks)
e) y = 23.470 + 1.194 (15)
= 41.38(RM’00) @ RM4138.00 (2
marks)
JUN 2018

a) There is negative relationship between train ticket price and number of passenger/hour. (2
marks)
b) Regression line: y = 1110.893 – 93.929 X. (2
marks)
c) b = -93.929.
For each additional RM1 in ticket price, the number of passenger/hour will decrease by 93.929. (1
mark)
d) r2 = 0.804. (2 marks)
80.4% variation in the number of passenger/hour is explained by the ticket price. (1 mark)
e) y = 1110.893 – 93.929 X.
= 1110.893 – 93.929 (7.90).
= 368.85 passenger/hour. (2 marks)

JAN 2018

a) n = 8 ∑ x =590 ∑ x 2=58700 ∑ y=70 ∑ y2 =860 ∑ xy =7010

SS XY
r=
√ SS XX SSYY
∑ x∑ y
∑ xy− n

√[
=
(∑ x)
][∑ (∑ y )
]
2 2

∑x −2
n
2
y−
n

(590)(70)
7010−
8

√[
=
58700−
( 590 )2
8
860− ][
( 70 )2
8 ]
= 0.954 (3
marks)
There is very strongly positive relationship between advertising cost and monthly income. (1
mark)
b) r2 = (0.953)2 = 0.908. (2 marks)
90.8% of the total variation in monthly income is explained by advertising cost. (1
mark)
c) b = 0.122
For each additional RM1000 in advertising cost, the monthly income will increase by RM0.122 (million). (2
marks)
d) Y = - 0.221 + 0.122 X. (1 mark)
= - 0.221 + 0.122 (90)
= RM10.759 (million) (2 marks)

JUL 2017

( 884 ) ( 47 . 8 )
SS =3163.8− =−357 .4667
XY 12
a)

( 884 )2
SS =67728− =2606.6667
XX 12
( 47 . 8 )2
SS =242.06− =51.6567
YY 12
-357. 4667
=-0 .974
r = √( 2606.6667 ) (51.6567 ) (4 marks)
b) Coefficient of determination. (1 mark)
r2 = (-0.974)2 = 0.949 (1 mark)
About 94.9% of total variation in time to learn a new word processing program can be explained by the typing speed.
(1 mark)
c) Slope, b = -0.137. (1 mark)
 For every one unit increase in typing speed (in words per minute), there will be a decrease of 0.137 unit in time (in hours)
taken to learn a new word processing program. (1 mark)
d) Time = 14.086 - 0.137 (70)
= 4.496 hours (2 marks)

DEC 2016

( 450 ) ( 55 )
SSXY =5060− =1524 . 2857
a) 7
2
( 450 )
SSXX =41500− =12 ,571 . 4286
7
2
( 55 )
SSYY =635− =202 .8571
7
1524.2857
=0.955
r = √( 12,571.4286 ) ( 202.8571) (3 marks)
There is strongly positive relationship between advertising cost and monthly income. (1
mark)
b) r2 = 0.9552 = 0.912 (2
marks)
91.2% variation in monthly income is explained by advertising cost. (1
mark)
c) y = 0.0625 + 0.121 x (1 mark)
d) Slope, b = 0.121.
For each additional RM1000 increase in advertising cost, the monthly income will increase by RM0.121 (million).
(1 mark)
e) y = 0.0625 + 0.121 (90)
= RM10.9525 (million) (2 marks)