Science 6

Science – Grade 6
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Describing and Defining Friction
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Jerry P. Ramiterre
Editors: Joewel M. Armas, Rose Ann B. Pamintuan
Reviewers: Janeth D. Morte
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Margie A. Rosario
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed. D.
Chief - Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

1. Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE
2. Liza A. Alvarez, Science
3. Bernard R. Balitao, Araling Panlipunan
4. Joselito E. Calios, English
5. Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D., MAPEH
6. Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
7. Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
8. Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D., ESP/SPED
9. Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/MTB
10. Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Science 6
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 1
Friction
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module 1 on Describing and Defining

Friction!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module 1 on Describing and Defining

Friction!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module will focus mostly on describing and defining friction.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe and define friction;
2. explain how some factors affect friction; and
3. value the importance of friction in our daily life.

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper of paper.

1. A push and pull on an object is called __________.

A. force
B. motion
C. pressure
D. push-pull

2. What increases friction?

A. more speed
B. rough surfaces
C. smooth surfaces
D. more surface area

3. The following can reduce friction EXCEPT __________.

A. grease
B. oil
C. sand
D. water
 4. A ball on the ground slows down and finally stops. This is because of
__________.
A. friction
B. force
C. motion
D. less force applied

.
5. The rubbing of one object or surface against another is __________.
A. electrical force
B. frictional force
C. magnetic force
D. gravitational force

RECAP

Let us see if you can still recall the lessons you learned about the effects
of force on objects. Choose the correct word in the box to complete the
statement below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

energy position shape

speed stop

1. Force can change the __________ or direction of the movement of an

object.
2. Force can start motion. It can also make objects __________.
3. Force can change the __________ of a moving object.
4. Force can change the size and __________ of an object.
5. Force can transfer __________ to an object to make it move.

It is good to know that you really learned a lot from our past lesson. I
know that you are excited to learn a new topic.
 LESSON

One of the most important phenomena in the physical world is friction.

Friction plays a vital role in our daily life in various functions. Without friction,
it would be difficult to walk in a slippery road, pull a box, and we cannot even
hammer a nail on a wall. Friction affects different objects, too. Without it, you
would not be able to write because your pencil would slip off the surface of
the paper you are writing on.

Have you ever noticed why a moving ball stops or why a bicycle stops
when the cyclist stops pedaling? There must be some force that stop moving
objects. When you hit a ball, it does not move forever. The ball gradually slows
down and stops. The force that makes the ball slows down is friction.

What is friction? Friction is a

special kind of force that keeps objects
in place or slows them down. It is a
force that opposes the relative motion
between two surfaces of objects in
contact. The force of friction always
acts in a direction opposite to that of
the applied force. If you push or pull a
box of books on the floor, the surfaces
of the box and the floor slide against
one another. The force that you exert
on the box as you push or pull is
Figure 1: A force acting in opposite direction
opposed by friction.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/friction-lesson-for-kids-definition-

Try to push your notebook on the

examples.html

table. Do you feel the force opposing

http://myscienceschool.org/index.php?/archives/429- the motion of your notebook? What do
Why-do-salt-and-sugar-readily-dissolve-in-water-and-
not-in-oil.html
you think causes friction between two
surfaces that are in contact? As the
notebook slides across the table, it
slows down and stops moving. The
initial force (F) is what keeps the
notebook moving. As the notebook
slides across the table, a force of
friction (f) acts in the opposite
direction.
Figure 2: Force of Friction
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-friction-definition-formula-
forces.html

http://myscienceschool.org/index.php?/archives/429-
Why-do-salt-and-sugar-readily-dissolve-in-water-and-
not-in-oil.html
 The friction slows down the motion of the notebook. The source of the
friction is the contact between the surface of the notebook and the table.

Friction does not only oppose

motion. It can also produce heat.
High friction will slow something
down and create lot of heat. Low
friction will keep things moving and
reduce the creation of heat. Rub
your hands together for a few
minutes. How do you feel? You will
notice that your hands feel warm.
That warmth is caused by a force
called friction.

Friction happens when you

overcome the resistance of one
object rubbing against the other.
Figure 3: Hand Rubbing
https://www.pinterest.de/pin/664773594968929076/

The force of the friction opposes the direction of the motion. If you just put
your hands together, there's no resistance, so there is no friction produced.
Rub them together and there is friction.
http://myscienceschool.org/index.php?/arch
ives/429-Why-do-salt-and-sugar-readily-
The factors that affect friction depend on the roughness of the surface
dissolve-in-water-and-not-in-oil.html

in contact, the extent to which the surfaces press together, and the nature
of the surface. The more tightly the surfaces are held together the more
would be the force of friction.

The amount of friction depends on the materials from which the two
surfaces are made. The rougher the surface, the greater friction is produced.
The smoother the surface, the smaller the friction is produced.

Optional activity: You may view the given link for further learning.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNDRIicw4E0
 ACTIVITIES

To further enhance your knowledge about friction, let us do some

activities.

Activity 1: LABAN O BAWI!

Directions: Write LABAN if the statement is correct and BAWI if the

statement is incorrect. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The force of friction will always oppose the applied force.

2. The amount of friction depends on the texture of the

surface and the force pressing them together.

3. The smoother the surface, the more the friction is.

4. Friction creates heat.

5. Rough surfaces increase friction.

Activity 2: ORGANIZE IT!

Directions: Unscramble the letters written in the boxes in Column A to form

the word being described in Column B. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
IONTCIFR It is a force that always acts to oppose
motion.

RCOFE It is a push or pull that starts or changes

the direction of an object.

TEHA It is produced when you rub two things

together.

SHOTMO It is a characteristic of surface which

creates less friction.

GUROH It is a characteristic of a surface which

creates more friction.
Activity 3: BEND IT!

Directions: Do the simple activity carefully. Then, answer the questions

based on your observations. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Problem: When does friction occur?

Materials: piece of wire

Procedure:
 Get a piece of wire at least 12 inches long.
 Bend and unbend the wire twenty-five times quickly.
 Feel the wire after bending.

Investigate:
1. What happened to the wire after bending it twenty-five times?
____________________________________________________________
2. Why did it turn hot?
____________________________________________________________
3. Can we also produce heat by using our hands? How?
____________________________________________________________
4. What will be produced if you rub two things together?
____________________________________________________________

Conclusion:
How does friction occur?
____________________________________________________________

WRAP–UP

Directions: Choose the correct words in the box to complete the paragraph
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

two friction pushes force object

Friction is a (1) __________ that always (2) __________ against an object

when it touches another (3) __________. When (4) __________ things are in
contact with each other, there will be (5) __________ acting between them.
 VALUING
Friction is a great help to us. We would all just be sliding around
everywhere if there is no friction to keep us steady. That is why friction is
important in our everyday lives.

Are members of your family familiar with the importance of friction? If

not, what will you do? Would you like to know how well informed they are
when it comes to the importance of friction? Now, this is a challenge to you.
Ask them to answer the given situation.

A microwave oven uses radiation to cook or

defrost food quickly. This radiation causes
molecules in the food to vibrate and rub against
each other causing friction, thus, producing
heat. What do you think are some of the ways
that make cooking in a microwave different
from cooking in a stove? https://www.bing.com/images/

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is a force that works against motion?

A. energy
B. friction
C. gravity
D. motion

2. Which has the greatest friction?

A. polished floor
B. sandy floor
C. tiled floor
D. wet floor
3. Which surface creates more friction?
A. magnetic surface
B. slippery surface
C. rough surface
D. shiny surface

4. Which has the least amount of friction?

A. carpet
B. concrete
C. ice
D. grass

5. A parachute helps a parachutist land safely on the ground or water

by __________.
A. reducing air resistance that speeds up its motion
B. reduces air resistance that slows down its motion
C. increasing air resistance that speeds up its motion
D. increasing air resistance that slows down its motio
 WRAP -UP
VALUING 1. force
2. pushes
Answers may vary 3. object
4. two
5. friction
ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 1
ACTIVITY 3 1. FRICTION 1. LABAN
2. FORCE 2. LABAN
Answers may vary 3. HEAT 3. BAWI
4. SMOOTH 4. LABAN
5. ROUGH 5. LABAN
RECAP
POSTTEST 1. position PRETEST
1. B 2. stop 1. A
2. B 3. speed 2. B
3. C 4. shape 3. C
5. energy
4. C 4. A
5. B 5. B
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

A. Books

Evelyn Castante – Padpad. 2017 edition. The New Science Links Worktext in
Science and Technology, 1977 C.M Recto Avenue Manila, Philippines: Rex
Book Store pp. 317-319.
Anastacia Alcobel, Amalia Pascual and Zenaida Ranay. 2014 edition.
Exploring The World of Science, 776 Aurora Blvd., cor. Boston St. Cubao,
Quezon City, Manila, Philippines: Adriana Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 210, 215.
Delia Navaza, Jojo Potenciano, and Pauline Quodala. 2016 edition. Science for
Active Learning, 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House,
Inc. pp. 279, 286.
Milagros Ignacio, Irene Santiago, and Niña Torralba . 2017 edition.
Investigating Life’s Wonders Science 6 “ Science Series for Elementary”, 388
Mc Arthur Highway, Dalandan Valenzuela City: JO-ES Publishing, House,
Inc. pp. 206 - 207.

A. Online and Electronic Sources

https://www.slideshare.net/hatp1/scienceppt-47908192
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-friction-definition-formula-
forces.html
https://sciencing.com/why-styrofoam-good-insulator-4898717.html
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zsxxsbk/articles/zxqrdxs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaNXQpk-vvU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr0P_rI5pOU
https://study.com/academy/lesson/friction-lesson-for-kids-definition-
examples.html
https://www.tes.com/lessons/OsPmxQx5iNsn4A/force-of-friction
https://player.slideplayer.com/22/6364837/#
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6364164/
https://www.successcds.net/class-8/science/force-and-pressure-class-
8.html