INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

MAA

EXERCISES [MAA 3.9]

MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions

1. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

(a) Sketch the graph of the function f ( x )  sin 4 x , 0  x  π

[4]

(b) Sketch the graph of the function g ( x )  sin( x) , 0  x  4

[4]

(c) Based on the graphs, solve the following equations

sin 4 x  1 , 0  x  π

sin( x )  1 , 0  x  4

[4]

Page 1
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

2. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

π π
Sketch the graphs of the function f ( x )  sin 4 x ,  x
2 2

3. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The diagram shown part of the graph of y  sin x .

1
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of y  cosec x  . [4]
sin x
(b) Write down the domain and the range of y  cosec x . [2]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 2
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

4. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

π π
The graph of f ( x )  sin x ,   x  is shown below.
2 2
On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arcsin x

5. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

The graph of f ( x )  cos x , 0  x  π is shown below.

On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arccos x

Page 3
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

6. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

π π
The graph of f ( x )  tan x ,   x  is shown below.
2 2
On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arctan x

7. [Maximum mark: 9] [without GDC]

By sketching an appropriate right-angles triangle, or otherwise, find the values of
2 2 2
(i) sin(arcsin ) , (ii) tan(arcsin ) , (ii) cos(2 arcsin ) . [2+3+4]
3 3 3

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 4
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

8. [Maximum mark: 18] [without GDC]

(a) Write down the domain and the range of the function f ( x)  arctan x . [2]
(b) Find the values of
1 1
A  arctan  arctan , B  arctan 2  arctan 3
3 2
1 2 3
C  arctan  arctan 2 , D  arctan  arctan [16]
3 3 2

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 5
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

9. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

(a) Sketch the curve f ( x)  1  3sin(2 x) , for 0  x  π . Write down on the graph the

values of the x and y intercepts. [4]

(b) By adding one suitable line to your sketch, find the number of solutions to the
equation π f ( x)  4(π  x) . [3]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 6
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

10. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

(a) Sketch the graph of y  cos(4 x ) , in the interval 0  x  π . [3]

(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of y  sec(4 x ) , for 0  x  π ,

indicating clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [3]
(c) Use your sketch to solve
(i) the equation sec(4 x )  1 , for 0  x  π .

(ii) the inequality sec(4 x )  0 , for 0  x  π . [4]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 7
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

11. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

Consider the function f ( x)  csc(π x ) .

(a) Sketch the graph of y  sin(π x ) , in the interval 0  x  4 . [3]

(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of y  f (x ) , for 0  x  4 , by indicating
clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [4]
(c) Solve the equation f ( x )  1 , for 0  x  4 . [2]

(d) Write down the number of solutions of the equation f ( x )  2 , for 0  x  4 . [1]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 8
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

12. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

The diagram below shows the boundary of the cross-section of a water channel.

 πx 
The equation that represents this boundary is y  16 sec    32 , where x and y are
 36 
both measured in cm . The top of the channel is level with the ground and has a width
of 24 cm . The maximum depth of the channel is 16 cm .
Find the width of the water surface in the channel when the water depth is 10 cm . Give
your answer in the form a arccos b where a, b  ℝ

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 9
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

13. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

Solve the equation cos(2 arcsin x)  0.68

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

14. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

Solve the equation arctan x  arctan 2 x  arctan 2

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 10
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

15. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

1
Let f ( x )  x arccos x  x for  1  x  1 and g ( x)  cos 2 x for  1  x  1 .
2
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f and of g . [3]

(b) Write down the solution of the equation f ( x)  g ( x) . [1]

(c) Write down the range of g . [2]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

16. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

A system of equations is given by
cos x  cos y  1.2 sin x  sin y  1.4
(a) For each equations express y in terms of x . [3]

(b) Hence solve the system for 0  x  π , 0  y  π . [3]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 11
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

B. Exam style questions (LONG)

17. [Maximum mark: 12] [with GDC]

A television screen, BC , of height one metre, is built into the wall. The bottom of the
television screen at B is one metre above an observer’s eye level. The angles of
ˆ , AOB
elevation ( AOC ˆ ) from the observer’s eye at O to the top and bottom of the
television screen are  and  radians respectively. The horizontal distance from the
observer’s eye to the wall containing the television screen is x metres. The observer’s
ˆ ) is  radians, as shown below.
angle of vision ( BOC

2 1
(a) Show that   arctan  arctan . [4]
x x
ax
(b) Express  in the form   arctan , where a, b  R . [3]
x b
2

(c) Find the maximum value of angle  , and the value of x where this max occurs. [2]
(d) Find where the observer should stand so that the angle of vision is 15o. [3]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 12
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

18. [Maximum mark: 15] [with GDC]

The function f is defined by f ( x )  cosec x  tan 2 x .
π π
(a) By observing the graph of f for   x  , state
2 2
(i) the x -intercepts;
(ii) the equations of the asymptotes;
(iii) the coordinates of the maximum and minimum points. [6]
(b) Show that the roots of f ( x )  0 satisfy the equation
2 cos 3 x  2 cos 2 x  2 cos x  1  0 [5]
(c) Show that f ( π  x )  f ( π  x)  0 [4]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 13
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

19. [Maximum mark: 21] [without GDC]

(a) Sketch the curve f ( x )  sin 2 x , 0  x  π . [2]

(b) Hence sketch ton a separate diagram the graph of g ( x )  cosec 2 x , 0  x  π ,

clearly stating the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points and the
equations of any asymptotes. [5]

(c) Show that tan x  cot x  2 cosec 2 x . [3]

(d) Hence or otherwise, find the coordinates of the local maximum and local minimum
π
points on the graph of y  tan 2 x  cot 2 x , 0  x  . [5]
2
π
(e) Find the solution of the equation cosec 2 x  1.5 tan x  0.5 , 0  x  . [6]
2

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 14
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 15
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

20*. [Maximum mark: 11] [with GDC]

1
Consider the function C ( x)  cos x  cos 2 x for 2π  x  2π . By observing the graph
2
of the function in the given domain
(a) State its period T and prove that the function C ( x ) is periodic with period T , that
is C ( x  T )  C ( x ) [3]
(b) For what values of x , 2π  x  2π , is C ( x ) a maximum? [2]
(c) Let x  x0 be the smallest positive value of x for which C ( x)  0 . Find an
approximate value of x0 which is correct to two significant figures. [2]
(d) (i) Prove that C ( x)  C (  x) for all x .
(ii) Let x  x1 be that value of x, π  x  2π , for which C ( x)  0 . Find the value
of x1 in terms of x0 . [4]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 16
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

21*. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

The function f is defined by f ( x)  cos x  3 sin x . This function may also be

π
expressed in the form R cos( x   ) where R  0 and 0  a  .
2
(a) By expanding R cos( x   ) and comparing with the original form of f , find the

exact value of R and of  . [5]

(b) State the period of the of the function f . [1]

(c) Find the range of the function f . [2]

 π
(d) Find the exact value of x in 0,  satisfying the equation f ( x )  2. [4]
 2

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 17
 [MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

22*. [Maximum mark: 19] [without GDC]

(a) Show that cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )  2 cos A cos B . [2]
(b) Let Tn ( x )  cos(n arccos x ) where x is a real number, x  [ 1,1] and n is a
positive integer.
(i) Find T1 ( x ) .
(ii) Show that T2 ( x)  2 x 2  1 . [5]

(c) (i) Use the result in part (a) to show that Tn 1 ( x )  Tn 1 ( x )  2 xTn ( x )
(ii) Prove by mathematical induction that Tn ( x ) is a polynomial of degree n . [12]

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
Page 18