Sleep Disorder

What is A Sleep Disorder Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
This is a sleep related movement disorder in which there are abnormal

Sleep is essential for life. Normal sleep is required for mental and physical sensations usually restricted to the legs, accompanied by an urge to move
restoration. Diseases which adversely affect sleep can lead to functional the extremities; it is typically worse at night or when keeping still for extended
impairment, poor health and, even death. periods. Certain blood tests may be required to guide therapy, which includes
both non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures.
A sleep disorder is any condition that interferes with the duration, continuity
or quality of sleep. Broad categories of sleep disorders include sleep related Insomnia
breathing disorders, movement disorders, insomnia, disorders of excessive A number of conditions can lead to problems with initiating and maintaining
sleepiness, abnormal sleep-wake pattern (circadian rhythm disorders) and a full night's sleep. A detailed analysis is generally required to pinpoint the
abnormal behavior during sleep (parasomnias). Early recognition, diagnosis cause(s) of insomnia. A common etiology of insomnia is poor sleep hygiene
and treatment of a sleep disorder are important to prevent harmful where maladaptive behavior/habits not conducive to sleep interfere with
consequences. sleep.
Common Sleep Disorders Other Sleep Disorders

Various other disorders can affect sleep, including narcolepsy, circadian
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) rhythm sleep disorders, sleep walking/sleep terrors/ confusional arousals
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is a disorder characterized by collapse and other parasomnias etc.
of the upper airway when the air cannot enter the lungs during sleep.
Obesity is the major risk factor for OSA; other risk factors include male A detailed evaluation by a sleep specialist, who may order further tests
gender, advancing age, post-menopausal state in women, recessed jaw, (including a hospital based in-lab sleep test or polysomnogram (PSG)), is
and certain medical conditions. Common symptoms of OSA are snoring, advised if any of the above sleep disorder is suspected.
choking episodes during sleep, non-refreshing sleep, morning headaches
or dry mouth, decreased concentration /irritability/fatigue, and excessive What Is Polysomnography (PSG)?
daytime sleepiness. In women, mood disturbances may predominate.
Polysomnography is totally painless and is a comprehensive recording of
Diagnosis of OSA is essential as untreated moderate to severe OSA can the biophysiological changes that occur during sleep. It is usually performed
lead to medical problems such as heart attacks, stroke, high blood pressure at night, when most people sleep. A sleep study measures your sleep
(hypertension) and heart failure. Road traffic accidents are also more cycles and stages by recording:
common in patients with OSA compared to the general population. Diagnosis l Air flow in and out of your lungs as you
is confirmed by Sleep Studies. Treatment options include positive airway breathe
pressure (PAP) therapy, surgery and oral appliances. PAP therapy is the l The level of oxygen in your blood
most commonly used treatment for OSA. l Body position
l Brain waves (EEG)
When Should Osa Be Suspected? l Breathing effort and rate
You should see a sleep specialist if you suffer from the following: l Electrical activity of muscles
l Eye movement
l Obesity l Heart Rate
l Snoring
l Lack of refreshing sleep Full sleep studies are usually done at a special sleep center. The entire
l Morning headaches or dry mouth sleep study facilities are available at The Aga Khan University Hospital.
l Excessive daytime sleepiness
l Irritability, decreased concentration, easy fatigability l You will be asked to arrive about 2 hours before bedtime.
l Mood disturbances l Your health care provider will place electrodes on your chin, scalp, and
around the eyelids. You will have monitors to record your heart rate and

Sleep Disorder

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What is A Sleep Disorder Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

This is a sleep related movement disorder in which there are abnormal

Common Sleep Disorders Other Sleep Disorders

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