CRAFTS VILLAGE OF BENGAL’S FADING CULTURE AND ART CENTRE

Presented to the faculty of

LOVELY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN, LPU - PUNJAB

Course code: ARC-404

Course title: Thesis

Submitted to:

Ar. Naveen Chomal

Ar. Proma Roy

Name of student: Sunny Chhetry

Registration no: 11712648
Section: A1703
 Academic year: 2021-2022
Batch: 2017-2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Sunny Chhetry, am extremely grateful to the lovely school of architecture and design for the confidence bestowed
on me and entrusting my pre thesis entitled “Crafts Village of Fading Culture and Art Centre”.
I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me throughout the course of this pre
thesis project. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice during
the project work. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues
related to the project. I express my warm thanks to Ar. Proma Roy and Ar. Naveen Chomal for their support and guid-
ance throughout the process. I would also like to thank all the people who provided me with the facilities being re-
quired and conductive conditions.
Thanking you

Sunny Chhetry

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Pre-Thesis entitled “Crafts Village of Fading Architecture and Art Centre” submitted by

Mr. Sunny Chhetry in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelors of Architecture from Lovely Profes-

sional University, is a record carried out by her in our supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in this pre

thesis work, other than that acknowledged as reference, has not been submitted for any other degree or diploma.

Recommended by:

Name of supervisor: Ar. Naveen Chomal

Designation: Assistant Professor

School: Lovely school of Architecture and Design

Lovely Professional University

Phagwara, Punjab.
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 DECLARATION

I, Sunny Chhetry, author of the pre thesis “Crafts Village of Bengal’s Fading Culture and Art Centre” hereby declare
that this is an independent work carried out in partial fulfilment of award of Bachelor’s degree in Architecture at
Lovely Professional University, Punjab.

This work has not been submitted to any other institute for award of any degree/diploma.

Date: Sunny Chhetry

Place: Lovely Professional University 11712648

Phagwara, Punjab. B. Architecture

LSAD

4
 Session: 2017-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1

CERTIFICATE 2

DECLARATION 3

TABLE OF CONTENT 4

CHAP-1: THESIS TOPIC AND PROPOSITION4

BACKGROUND STUDY 5

REASON 7

AIM 6

OBJECTIVE 6

SCOPE 7

LIMITATION 8

CHAP-2: SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS 9

LOCATION OF THE SITE 10

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 11

SOIL 13

HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM 12

DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY 7

LAND USE 7

TOPOGRAPHY STUDY 7

MASTER PLAN 7

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONTEXT 7

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 SITE VISIT PICTURES 7

SWOT ANALYSIS10

BYE LAWS AND DEVELOPMENT NORMS 7

CHAP-3: LITERATURE REVIEW 20

CHAP-4: CASE STUDIES14

SANSKRITI KENDRA, MEHRAULI 15

KING ABDULLAH II ART & CULTURE CENTRE 16

CHAP-5: DETAIL AREA PROGRAMME 21

CHAP-6: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 22

DESIGN CONCEPT 22

FUNCTIONAL APPROACH 23

ZONING DEVELOPEMENT 25

MASSING DEVELOPEMENT 27

CHAP-7: FINAL DESIGN 28

CHAP-8: SUSTAINABLE MEASURES 34

REFERENCES 35

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BACKGROUND STUDY

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:

Kolkata, the city of joy and the cultural capital of India, is known
worldwide for its rich cultural heritage and history. Established in
early 18th century, The city has grown to be one of the major urban
centres of India. Starting from the 18 th century and slowly advancing
to the current times, we come across many distinct historical periods
like Mughal Rule, the rule of independent rulers of independent
kingdom, followed by European and British rule over India, all of
which have left a significant part on the style of architecture in the
city. This aristocratic architecture can be seen in the palaces of Figure 1. Victoria Memorial

kings and zamindars, that can be found in the city and the surroundings. They really show the grandeur that once exis-
ted in the lives of the upper classes of the society.

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE:

Kolkata is the cultural capital of our nation, being culturally richer it

is also the land of freedom fighters, Noble laureates, Literature and
artists, Folk songs, Traditional dance, Terracotta art, Famous poets,
Bengali dish and the world-famous sweets. Beside this there have
been numerous other fields which are innately associated with the
city.

Apart from city’s literature significance, the city is also rich with its
tribal culture and craftsmanship which plays an important role in
conserving the traditional culture heritage of the city. Performing art Figure 2. Uttar Banga Utsav

is also a major characteristic of the city. We can talk about music, songs, poems and eminent musicians like Kavi
Nazrul Islam, manna de and many more have left their individual and collective remarks on the city. Theatre is another
such performing art taken very seriously here, with various groups putting up innumerable performances throughout
the various auditoriums of the city. Dance is an art in itself, as is painting and we can easily experience the authentic
folk styles of these in the city, with the folk dances of Bengal and the
‘patachitra’ style of rustic painting earning special mentions. Besides
these, eminent movie directors such as Satyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen
have left their mark through their lauded movies.

RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE:
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The city of joy, being the land of festivals and celebrations; it is also a destination for immense devotion and is an in -
teresting and extremely wonderful city in terms of religious expeditions. It is home to several places of worship for
different religions with some of the most fascinating temples, churches and mosques along with imposing domes, min-
arets and synagogues that display excellent craftsmanship in terms of architecture and are well-known for their festive
and celebratory mood. There are lots of pilgrimage destinations and sacred places in Kolkata that will energize you
and take you into a completely different world that will relax your mind, badly and soul. For history buffs or people
with interest in Indian mythology, this great place will give you a unique insight into its heritage sites, culture, tradi -
tions and people through its beautiful temples that are scattered all over.

ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE:

The architectural style of Kolkata has gone through a lot of transitional

periods including ancient urban architecture, religious architecture,
rural vernacular architecture, traditional terracotta architecture, colo-
nial architecture, Bengali architecture, country houses and modern
urban styles. The Bengali bungalow style is a notable architectural ex-
port of Bengal. The corner towers of Bengal religious buildings were
replicated in medieval southeast Asia. Bengali curved roofs ‘char chala
roof’, suitable for the very heavy rainfall, were adapted into a distinct
local style of Indo-Islamic architecture and used decoratively else-
where in north India in Mughal architecture. Bengali architecture
mostly uses brick and wood, often reflecting the styles of the wood, Figure 4. Terracotta Curved roofs

bamboo and thatch styles of local vernacular architecture for houses. Decorative carved or moulded plaques of terra-
cotta (the same material as the brick) are a special feature. The brick is extremely durable and disused ancient build-
ings were often used as a convenient source of materials by local people, often being stripped to their foundations over
the centuries.

TRIBAL SIGNIFICANCE:

One of the major portions of city’s rich cultural heritage is associated

with its tribal population. We all know India is a home to so many dif-
ferent tribes and their rich culture and so is west Bengal, it houses 40
distinct tribes carrying uniqueness in each. As per census 2011, total
tribal population stands around 5 lakh which constituted 5.5 percent of
the total population of the state. Santals constitute more than half of the
population 51.8 % and along with it Oraons, Mundas, Bhumij and Kora
five major tribes having sizeable population. More than half of the total

Figure 5. District-wise Tribal population

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tribal population is concentrated in Mednipur, Jalpaiguri, Purulia, Bankura, Malda, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur
and Bardhawan districts.

CUISINES SIGNIFICANCE:

Besides being a hotspot of talent, Kolkata is also known for its diversity
in culture, and this diversity in turn creates a unique blend of foreign and
indigenous cultures to create something unique. Besides influencing the
architectural styles of different parts of the city, it has influenced the
food styles too. One can find authentic cuisines, be it Bengali, North In-
dian, South Indian, or even Chinese and Thai, very easily, along with the
omnipresent street food of Kolkata, be it the roadside stall of a ‘phuch-
hka’ seller, or the food street of Kolkata, Dacres Lane. With the taste of
Bengali traditional food, one goes on to try the worldwide known ‘Ra- Figure 6. Bengali Cuisine

sogulla’ and ‘Misti Doi’. These are the trade mark of traditional dishes and there are so many more, each tribe has its
own traditional dish and that’s what makes Bengal the house full of traditional culture.

REASON:

In today’s world where the western culture and modernisation are influencing the young generation, a space which
carries an entity, heritage elements of Bengal’s fading cultures are quite needed. Crafts village of fading culture and an
art centre will act as a window which will give us a peek into our rich, traditional and not so known cultures of the
city. Hence, such space can be considered as an incubator of the past, which will promote an amalgamation of both
knowledge and entertainment under one roof. With the advancement in technology and enthusiasm of generation, this
centre will not only showcase the art and craft of the traditional culture but also will make the visitors and tourist to re -
live its vibe and encounter its authentical beauty. The project will also house a full-fledge training centre for students
and artists, who want to enhance or develop their skill, hence it will encourage the artisans and craftsman to continue
and preserve their traditional practice.

AIM:

The aim of the project is to create a space that truly depicts the traditional fading cultures of Bengal, covering all the
aspects of the city in one single space. A space which will encourage the artisans and craftsman to continue and pre-
serve their traditional art & craft and their culture.

OBJECTIVE:

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The objective is to make people aware of the rich historical and cultural significance of the place and to encourage the
artisans and craftsman to revive the fading cultures of the city, for which the city has been known from the past till
date.

SCOPE:

The project will help to develop a Crafts village that will form an integral part in educating and imparting knowledge
to the society as whole about the traditional and fading cultures of Bengal and their richness.

This project will generate a lot of revenue since it will attract a large number of visitors and tourists due to ease of ac-
cess via public and private transportation mode, additional tourist attraction near by making it a visitor’s hub and due
to enormous residential complex around, native will also be attracted by this project, thus increasing the potential foot-
fall within the complex.

LIMITATION:

This study covers designing of a crafts village and art and training centre for conservation of Bengal’s traditional and
fading culture. The project is limited to designing a centre for historical and cultural conservation and exploring integ -
rated spaces for heritage musing and entertainment escapade. It does not involve the contribution and role of the city
towards industries like agriculture and mining and others, for which too the place has been popular in the past and
present times.

SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS

LOCATION OF THE SITE:

Location: New Town, Rajarhat, West

Bengal.

Site Area: 6.9 Acre

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Coordinates: 22˚35’02” N 88˚26’46” E

Newtown is one of the fastest growing modern smart cities of West Bengal and a vital part of cultural capital of India -
Kolkata. The proposal of the crafts village was already proposed by the Indian Crafts Village Trust; hence the site was
already allocated for the project. Being Figure 7. Location of the site

at the central part of Newtown, surrounded by the most visited tourist spots, well connected by the public transport,
well linked by the services and most important, being around such enormous residential complexes. The site shows
great potential to vitalize its fading cultural heritage and encouraging artist’s commune.

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS:

New Town Rajarhat is situated on the

north-eastern portion of the city, around
50 KM south of Tropic of Cancer. The
whole region is a part of Great Ganga
delta. As a result, the climate is tropical
like the rest of the Gangetic West
Bengal. Over here the monsoon plays a
vital role, which lasts from early June to Figure 8. Climate chart of New Town
mid-September. The weather remains dry
during the winter (mid - November to mid – February) and humid during summer (March to May) and also the Bay of
Bengal which plays a big role in influencing the weather of the region. Temperature during the summer month of May
– June can rise to 43 ˚C and during the winter month of December – January, temperature typically fall to around 8 ˚C.
the climate is humid and humidity varies from 65 percent to 85 percent during the summer, September is the month
with highest relative humidity (86.39%) and March being the lowest relative humidity month (60.15%). The average
annual rainfall is about 1681 mm and July month being the wettest month (368 mm) whereas December is the driest
month. The month with highest number of
rainy days is August (27.97 days) and the
month with lowest number of rainy days is
December (1.17 days). The annual average
pressure of the area is 1006.71 mb. Pres-
sure remains high in December and Janu- Figure 9. Temperature Graph
ary at about 1017 mb and low in June, July at about 999.73 mb to 1000.53 mb.

SUN ORIENTATION:

The Longer side of the site is East-West oriented while

the shorter side of the site is north-south oriented. Thus,
the building blocks should be oriented along the North-
south axis to encapsulate more solar energy and reduce
the consumption of energy.
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Figure 10. Sun movement around the site

On 21st June (during summer), the day time period is longer than other days around 13.5 hours, the Azimuth angle is
78˚ and the Altitude angle is 41.31 ˚.

During winter, on 21st December, the day time period is

around 10.45 hours, the Azimuth angle is 128.78 ˚ and
the Altitude angle is 21.49 ˚.

WIND DIRECTION:
Figure 11. Sun path on 21st June and on 21st
December
Kolkata’s weather is largely influenced by the Bay of
Bengal and its North-westerly wind that brings the tem-
perature down during the hot summer. There are several
local winds that blew throughout the year like Kalbai-
sakhi and etc. Major winds that blow from North-West,
North and South direction (more than 15% overall
throughout the year). Beside these there are some minor
winds that blows from East, South-East and West direc-
tion. Figure 12. Wind Rose diagram

SOIL STUDY:

A stretch of alluvial tract of lower Ganga Basin has been found in this
area. These alluvial proper forms a gentle southerly slope with some local
elevation and depression with an average elevation of 9-10 metre above
mean sea level. The main characteristics of the soil are as follows:

1. Chemically the soil contains low potassium and high ferrous ox-
ide.
2. Texture of the soil is silty-clayey in nature.
3. It is slightly alkaline with an average pH of 7.21.
4. It contains the phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter which
varies from low to medium.
Figure 11. Soil map of Rajarhat
HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

The availability of water in any region strictly depends on the geological

condition of the area. Ground water occurs both under unconfined
& confined condition within the explored depth of maximum 600
mbgl. Aquifers are fairly thick & regionally extensive with large
yield prospect of about 150 cubic metre per hour. Occurrence of
Arsenic in ground water in the depth span of 20-80 mbgl restric-

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ted mainly in the eastern part of Bhagirathi. The Bagjola khal is the main drainage artery running through the area
while another one is Krishnapur khal which passes through the southern part of the project area. Both the khal Bagjola
and Krishnapur have outlets in the river Kultiganga through gravity force. Bagjola kha carries drainage flow from total
area of about 228 sq km. the upper bagjola basin covers an area of about 49 sq km which is highly urbanized whereas
the lower Bagjola basin covering an area of about 179 sq km is mainly rural in nature.

DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS:

As per Census 2011, Rajarhat had a total population of 185060 people from which the male constitutes 50.87% of the
population and the rest was females. Rajarhat has an average literacy rate of 79.05% (male literacy 76.37% and female
literacy 76.37%). Rajarhat New Town has drastically changed from being a typical agricultural area to a modern smart
urban area. According to the census 1980, the urban population was 41.53% but in 2001, the urban population percent-
age became 66.75%. the population density per sq km is around 5576 and the number of households is 143608 as per
2011 census. The existing population is mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry with skilled and
unskilled labour. The majority of the population who lives here are from middle income group section or higher in-
Figure 13. Population graph
come group section, Non-resident Indian are also investing in
commercial and residential zones of this area. The planning area is
moderately populated. Present day scenario shows a lot of real es-
tate investments in the villages here due to the development of Ra-
jarhat New Town area with all services. In New Town three types
of age groups are seen, the adult population is 65% and old and
child population are 8% and 24% respectively. Thus, this graph
Figure 14. Population distribution chart
shows a low dependency ratio.

Figure 15. Education chart

LAND USE PLAN:

The area of New Town Rajarhat has seen a devastating changes in

terms of land use within couple of years, whether we talk about
residential growth, commercial zones, agricultural fields, CBD
zones or special economic zones which controls the economic activities
of the region. This land use changes in the region created a huge impact
on the lifestyle and development of the place and the people living there.
The detection of changes involves the comparison between land use plan
of 2001 and 2008 of Rajarhat. Several ongoing projects caused huge im-
pact on the changes in land use plan which indirectly has an enormous
impact on the inhabitants of the old rural settlement, as the agricultural
land been transformed into residential zones and large open green spaces
reduced to small chunk of green plot as compared to 2001 land use plan.
Figure 16. Land use map of 2001
Due to rapid urbanization land use changes occur at a high rate in differ-

13
ent place. For this reason, more than 65% of agricultural labour and cultivators are now in other occupational activities
like security guard, caretaker, helper and so on. Hence it is very crucial to know the existing socio-economic condition
of the population of the region.

Figure 17. Land use map of 2008

Figure 18. Current and proposed land use

TOPOGRAPHY STUDY:

Site contours with 5 m intervals are mapped through-

out the site, along with its neighbourhood. It is ob-
servable from it, that there are only four variations in-
side the site for a vast expanse of acres. This con-
cludes that the site is relatably flat, with very less un-
dulations. The stormwater drain pattern, is predicted
using the contours mapping. The water can be used
for rain water harvesting and excess water be chan-
nelised into the channel.

Figure 18a. Topography map

MASTER PLAN:

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The master plan of Newtown, Rajarhat from NKDA, highlighting the site for proposal design project with its neigh-
bouring zones and road network. The site has been highlighted with the red colour in the master plan.

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONTEXT:

The neighbourhood context study is necessary for

efficient and better design. The neighbouring sec-
tors are in Newtown are predominated by residen-
tial buildings. Which will have huge impact due to
Fading culture crafts village, on being built. As the
Site

majority of neighbourhood is residential buildings,

thus the crafts village will have a good amount of
local footfall as well. In addition to that the pres-
ence of Nazrul tirtha will also create a publicly
driven location.

Residential Commercial Public Substation Green space

Figure 19. Land use map

From the map it is observed that the maximum
height of building in neighbourhood is 12m. Close
neighbourhood have less dense low-heighted resid-
ential buildings (G+3). Southern side neighbour-
hood have high-rise commercial building facing Site

main Bypass Road. Whereas other remains public

buildings of Medium-heighted buildings. The crafts
village can be created in a way to maintain the hier-
archy of the place but also creating an iconic iden-
tity of itself.

High-rise Medium-rise Low-rise Site

Figure20. height map

The traffic condition map gives us an idea to chan-
nelize the vehicular and pedestrian movement in an
efficient way. Street no. 30 has a heavy traffic, most
of the time as it acts as a main vertical connecting
road to the inner streets and neighbourhood, also 39
32
due to the presence of commercial and public place Site
30
37
like Coal Bhawan, IBM, DLF, Nazrul Tirtha, it is
densely crowded by the vehicles. The other road
around the site – Street no. 32, 39. And 37 have me-

EM BYPASS ROAD

High Traffic Medium Traffic Low Traffic 15

Figure 21. Traffic conditions
dium traffic due to its connection with the inner core parts of the Town. Rest interior road are used basically by the
locals and are of low traffic.

Many users are predicted to use public Transport, as

analysed from various art and crafts centre. Hence, ex-
pecting more footfall from metro stations and pedes-
trian movement from bus depots and auto stands, are
understood to facilitate everybody. Direct special entry
Site
from bus stops can be planned for the crafts village to
segregate the pedestrian movement and make it more
easily accessible for visitors.

B M
Bus stand Metro stand

Figure 22. Transportation Nodes

The green cover includes parks, garden and existing
green space within the neighbourhood. There are also
various other smaller green spaces scattered in nearby
sectors, that are linked with site. As we move to the
eastern side the green cover is close to nil. Hence
Site
designing public park along the eastern side would act
as recreational zone.

Green space

Figure23. Existing green space map

The site is surrounded majorly by the residential

apartments, which produce not so loud noise. Noise
level are slightly more, from the IBM, DLF and Coal
Bhawan Complex in the eastern and southern zone.
The main highway road is also at a good distance Site

from the site to keep it at low noisy level. Hence

there is no major issue of noise penetration, from the

High noise level Medium noise level

16
Low noise level

Figure 24. Noise level map

surrounding areas into the neighbourhood. Vehicular traffic noise does not pose an issue as there are no such traffic
congestions around the site.

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SITE SURROUNDING:

The site is isolated from the main road EM bypass. The airport
is around 9.5 km, nearest railway station is 4.7 km, sector V
metro station is 4 km and Newtown bus stand is only 1 km.
within the range of 1km there is market, bank, police station,
hospital, playground, stadium and many important places. The
site is well surrounded by renowned spots like Nazrul tirtha,
Coal Bhawan, NKDA, Sector V, Newtown library, Eco Park
and some eye-catching residential complex. Figure 25a. Substation 33kv

Figure 25e. Newtown Bus stand Figure 25b. Nazrul Tirtha

Figure 25f. Residential complex Figure 25c. NKDA market

Figure 25g. DLF

Figure complex
25d. Coal Bhawan
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SITE SURROUNDING PICTURES:

The site is surrounded by four major road, Street no. 30 connects the site from the main EM Bypass Road and is 12 m

wide. Street no. 32, which is 8 m wide connects the site to the water treatment plant zone and onto the core of the loc-

ality. Street no. 39 and 37 are 8 m wide and connects the site with another residential complex. There was over head

tank within the range of 800 m from the site even the water treatment plant, followed by the 33kv electrical substation

just beside the site.

SITE VISIT ANALYSIS:

Figure 26. Site surroundings picture 19

SITE VISIT PICTURES:

The existing condition of the site is not so bad, unwanted wild grass with some existing vegetation was observed.

There were hardly 7-8 trees in number and rest where around the boundary of the site, existing trees were Palm tree,

Guava tree, Jamun tree and wild grass. Buffalos and cows were seen within the site and the internal road construction

was going on of the proposed Indian crafts village project. Apart from this, the boundary fencing was done with bam-

boo strips and plumbing pipe line work was going on onto the site.

Figure 27. Existing condition of site

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SWOT ANALYSIS:

STRENGTH:

Prime location for the proposal, levelled and plain site topography.

Easy accessibility and connectivity from main city.

Condition of roads are really good with cycle path and streets are Figure28a. Existing vegetation

numbered according to the masterplan of NKDA.

Major tourist attractions like, Nazrul tirtha, Eco Park, Nicco Park are
within approachable distance from the site.

Electrical, water and sewage pipeline are already there around the site
and are in good maintained condition. Figure 28b. Temporary stalls

Water treatment plant, substation and waste disposal area are within the
range of 1 km from the site.

WEAKNESS:

The existing pedestrian is being used as a temporary food stall zones by

Figure 27c. Existing Road condition
the vendors near the site.

Due to these temporary food stalls, garbage and waste is being accumu-
lated around the site.

OPPERTUNITIES:

The proposal will help to develop a crafts village that forms an integral Figure 28d. plumbing pipe line work

part in educating and imparting knowledge to the society about the cul-
tures of Bengal that are fading day by day.

The proposal will generate a lot of revenue since it will attract a huge
no. of tourists, visitors and locals. Thus, increasing the value and de-
mand of the area as well.

THREAT:

The proposal might pose a strong competition to the existing tourist at- Figure 28e. OHT near site

tractions.

Due to the presence of majority of the residential apartments nearby,

the local crowd might be higher in number which indirectly will reduce

the no. of tourists visiting the proposal.

Figure 28f. Distribution box along the road
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BYELAWS AND BUILDING NORMS:

SITE SETBACK:

 Front: 5 m
 Sides: 6 m
 Rear: 8 m

MEANS OF ACCESS:

HEIGHT OF BUILDING:

The following structures shall not be included in the height of the building:

 Mumty not exceeding 2.6 m in height from the surface of the roof.
 Lift machine rooms as per the latest edition of the National Building Code of India.
 Roof tanks and their supports, the height of supports not exceeding 0.75 m and top of the tank not exceeding 3
m from the surface of the roof.
 Parapet walls or railings not exceeding 1.5 m in height (min height shall be 1.0 m) Ventilating, air-condition -
ing and other service equipment.
 Dome, minaret, kiosk, pergola and other non-usable feature shall not be exceeding 3.5 m in height.

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FAR- FLOOR AREA RATIO:

As crafts village is an assembly building typology, the following data is of an assembly building:

GROUND COVERAGE:

As the crafts village is an assembly building typology so, according to the NKDA bye laws for an assembly building,

the Ground Coverage is 40% of the total plot area.

PARKING REQUIREMENTS:

The following data is that of an Assembly building:

 Having fixed seating arrangements – one car parking space for every 10 seats.
 Having no fixed seating arrangements – for every 35 sq m of carpet area, one car parking space
 One car parking space per 100 sq m carpet area.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

 Exit may be both horizontal and vertical and shall be free from any obstruction.
 No building shall be altered so as to reduce the number, width or protection of exits to less than what is re -
quired under these rules.
 All exits shall be properly ventilated and illuminated.
 Fire-fighting equipment shall be located and clearly marked so as not to obstruct the exit way.
 Alarm devices shall be installed to ensure prompt evacuation through exits.
 Exits shall be arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit.
 All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an exterior open space of
the premises leading to a street or means of access.

ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS:

The travel distance shall not exceed 30 m in case of an Assembly building.

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STAIRCASE REQUIREMENTS:

MINIMUM VENTILATION SHAFT:

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION DURING ERECTION OF BUILDING:

The NOC fees shall be reduced by 2% for using any of the method mentioned below:

 Rain water harvesting, consisting storing, treating and use of rain water accumulated in roof, pathway and
garden, which amounts not less than 10% of the total water consumption annually.
 Alternative sources of energy like solar energy and other which reduces not less than 30% of the energy de-
mand.
 Solar passive architecture.
 Use of fly ash bricks, aggregates etc, to be vetted by the sanctioning authority.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

MAJOR TRIBES OF BENGAL:

As per 2001 census scheduled tribes numbering 40.4 million persons

constituted 5.5 percent of the total population of the state. The fading
tribal cultures of the state can be distinguished by their region like
North Bengal, South Bengal and West Bengal.

North Bengal: the major tribes of this region are basically from Nepali
community influenced tribe. Communities of Raj Bangshi, Lepcha,
Bhutia and other Nepali community group spread over the region of Figure 29. Oraon Tribe
Jalpaiguri, Kalimpong and Darjeeling.

East Bengal: the major tribes of this region are basically influenced by
Assamese culture. Communities like Mech, Rabha and Bodo tribe
spread over the region of Alipurduar and Coochbehar.

South Bengal: the major tribes of this region are basically influenced
by Odissa, region. Communities like Bhumji, Lodha, Santal, Munda
Figure 30. Bhutia Tribe
and Lohara are spread over the region of Sunderban, South 24 par-
ganas, Mednipur and Howrah.

West Bengal: the major tribe of this region are basically influenced by
Bihar and Jharkhand region. Communities like Oraon, Parhaiya, Savars,
Kharia, gond, Mahali and chakma are spread over the region of Birb-
hum, Purulia, Bankura and Burdwan.
Figure 31. Muda Tribe
MAJOR FOLK DANCES OF BENGAL:

The folk dances of Bengal are a reflection of the rich cultural heritage of West Bengal. The various folk dances of this
state are known for their enthusiasm and beauty. Each region of Bengal has something different to display.

Major folk dances od Bengal are:

Brita dance, Chhau dance, Gambhira dance, Tusu dance, Santhal

dance, Lathi dance, Mech dance, Baul dance, Rabha dance, Nepali folk
dances and other dance forms.

Chhau Dance: It is a major folk dance performed in the district of Pur-

ulia, the male dancers perform by wearing a mask. It is also a mytholo-
gical dance as it demonstrates various episodes of Mahabharata.

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 Figure 32. Chhau Dance

Mech Dance: It is a major folk dance performed in the district of

Jalpaiguri and North Bengal region. In this danceform, female dancers
dress up in colourful costumes like butterflies and performs with a prop
in hand like shield.

Figure 33. Mech Dance

Lathi Dance: It is a major folk dance performed with different art of

expression. Repentance, celebration, anger, pain or love is expressed in
this dance. It is performed with lathi or sticks.

Figure 34. Lathi Dance

Santal Dance: It is a major folk dance performed by the most widely

visited tribes of Santhals. The dancers walks with musical melodies to
celebrate the glory of nature, pray and deliver a message.

Figure 35. Santal Dance

MAJOR FOLK SONGS OF BENGAL:

The folk songs of rural Bengal represent the rich cultural and hisotir-
cal legacy of the ancient times. The melodious yet simple composi-
tions of the various kinds of folk songs of the rural Bengal cast a ma-
gical spell on the audience.

Major folk songs of Bengal are:

Baul song, Kirtan, Bhatiali, Sari, Dhamali song, Nepali lok geet, Ra-
bindra sangeet, Nazrul geet and Prabhat sangit. Figure 36. Baul song

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GALLERY LAYOUT:

Figure37. Different layout of gallery

Throughout the process of designing galleries, different layouts have possibilities of exhibits have to be made. Above
are three types. Huge rectangular fields of poles are the only size limitation for the programme in this hall. In a small,
narrow venue, the capacity of the standing audience can be low due to the inefficient arrangements of access corridors.
A lot of operational problems can be avoided by separating the space for visitors and staff.

DISPLAY ROOM LAYOUT:

Below is the orientation of display rooms of different types. It must be possible to completely darken all display
rooms. In public rooms where no items are displayed e.g., entrance, café, lobby, library, a greater amount of natural
light is needed. Functioning of display rooms should go in sequence and should be in proper orientation with all the
display rooms. The flow of visitor’s movement should keep in mind while designing.

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Figure 38. Orientation of Display rooms
GUIDELINE FOR LIGHTING LAYOUT:

The gallery and display area should have both diffused lighting and focused lighting system. There should be no direct
light falling on museum objects as this could cause damage. Therefore, display rooms should be provided with flexible
lighting systems: no permanently built in lights, no fixed wall and ceiling lights.

Very sensitive display objects: 50-80 lux

Sensitive display objects: 100-150 lux

Less sensitive display objects: 150-300 lux

The lighting calculations for museums are highly theoretical: the quality of light is decisive. UV radiation must not be
exceed 25 W/m2.

Figure 40. Different types of lighting strategy

IDEAL TEMPERATURE:

The temperature in the store and the display area are 15-18˚C in the winter and 20-22˚C in the summer. The relative
humidity in the store and display areas depends on the materials displayed or stored. The optimal values are for wood
55-60%, canvas 50-55%, paper 45-50% and metals, max 40%. It is important to avoid short-term variations in relative
humidity, the variation should not exceed by 2.5% or not more than 5% within one hour in one day.

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VARIETY OF GALLERY CONFIGURATIONS:

A good gallery exhibition space includes basic functions like Curatorial, Display, Display preparation, Education. In
order to realize both objectives and functions, certain facilitates and spaces are essential. There must be sufficient di-
versification of spaces to allow each function to be undertaken separately while at the same time combining certain
activities in a single area.

Figure 41. Configurations of Gallery space

GUIDELINES FOR
AUDITORIUM DESIGN:

The choice of site for an auditorium is governed by

several factors which can be mutually conflicting in
nature. In fact, the quietest possible condition should
be provided and even soft passages of music can be
heard. The size should be fixed in relation to the num-
ber of audiences required to be seated. The floor area
of the hall including, gangways should be calculated
on the basis of 0.6 – 0.9 sq m per person. The height of
the hall is determined by such considerations as ventil-
ation, presence of balcony and the type of perform- Figure 42. Section of auditorium

ance. The average height may vary from 6 m for small halls to 7.5 m for large halls. Ceiling may be flat but it is
preferable to provide a slight increase in the height near the centre of hall. The volume per person required to be
provided should normally range between 3.5 – 5.5 m3.
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The auditorium rear wall should be either flat or convex
in shape. For good visibility as also for good listening
conditions, the successive rows of seats have to be
raised over the preceding ones with the result that the
floor levels rise towards the rear. As of the rule, the
angle of elevation of the inclined floor in an auditorium
should not be less than 8˚. Maximum no. of 16 seats per
aisle. 25 seats per aisle is permissible if one side exit
door of 1mm width is provided per 3-4 rows. 1m wide
per 150 people for exit or escape routes. Figure 43. Sightlines in staggered seating

WORKSHOP AREA DESIGN:

The area or space required to work in a workshop area without any disturbance is shown below with all wooden and
metal workshop area.

Figure 44. Workshop space configurations

CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS

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CASE STDUY I: SANSKRITI KENDRA

LOCATION:

INTRODUCTION:

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CONCEPT:

32
ZONING PLAN:

BAITHAK:

EXHIBITION SPACE:

33
34
35
ANALYSIS:

36
CASE STDUY II: KING ABDULLAH II HOUSE OF ART & CULTURE

37
ANALYSIS:

38
DETAIL AREA PROGRAMME

39
 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN CONCEPT: A blend of Traditional and Imperial Bengali Architecture along the Courtyard.

40
FUNCTIONAL APPROACH:

The major revenue for the crafts village, turns out from the localities, who will be frequent most throughout the year.
Whereas foreigners flow rate will be high, only during vacations. Hence, the need to concentrate to attract local crowd
is equally important as for the tourists, to create a full-year functioning active space.

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FUNCTIONAL APPROACH:

42
ZONING APPROACH:

43
MASSING DEVELOPMENT:

44
 FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL

SITE PLAN (1:1000):

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46
REFERENCES

https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/west-bengal/new-town-1020895/

https://www.ijntr.org/download_data/IJNTR03050038.pdf

http://andrewmarsh.com/software/sunpath3d-web/

https://www.cgpsc.info/folk-dances-of-west-bengal.html/

https://www.cgpsc.info/folk-dances-of-west-bengal.html/

https://www.slideshare.net/VartikaSharma10/auditorium-literature-study-design-considerations

https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/State/NDc1MAEEQQVVEEQQVV/Tribes-of-West-Bengal-

West-Bengal-State

https://folkways.si.edu/bengal-bengali-traditional-folk-music/world/music/album/smithsonian

https://www.indianetzone.com/8/tribes_west_bengal.htm

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https://www.nkdamar.org/Pages/index.aspx

https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/KMCPortalHome1.jsp

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