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    Chapter 1 Electricity Supply System 070323

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    Kan Fock-Kui
    Here are the key differences between a ring and radial circuit: - A ring circuit forms a loop with the cable returning to the consumer unit/distribution board, while a radial circuit feeds one cable from the consumer unit/distribution board to the last socket without returning. - Ring circuits are commonly used to supply sockets in a room, while radial circuits are often used for fixed appliances like cookers, boilers that require a higher power supply. - The maximum load on a ring circuit is restricted to protect the cable due to it forming a loop, whereas radial circuits can supply higher loads as the cable runs directly from the consumer unit to the appliance. - Ring circuits are suitable for general lighting and socket circuits, while radial

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    Chapter 1 Electricity Supply System 070323

    Uploaded by

    Kan Fock-Kui
    16 views17 pages
    Here are the key differences between a ring and radial circuit: - A ring circuit forms a loop with the cable returning to the consumer unit/distribution board, while a radial circuit feeds one cable from the consumer unit/distribution board to the last socket without returning. - Ring circuits are commonly used to supply sockets in a room, while radial circuits are often used for fixed appliances like cookers, boilers that require a higher power supply. - The maximum load on a ring circuit is restricted to protect the cable due to it forming a loop, whereas radial circuits can supply higher loads as the cable runs directly from the consumer unit to the appliance. - Ring circuits are suitable for general lighting and socket circuits, while radial

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    Basic intro of electrical supply system

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    Here are the key differences between a ring and radial circuit: - A ring circuit forms a loop with the cable returning to the consumer unit/distribution board, while a radial circuit feeds one cable from the consumer unit/distribution board to the last socket without returning. - Ring circuits are commonly used to supply sockets in a room, while radial circuits are often used for fixed appliances like cookers, boilers that require a higher power supply. - The maximum load on a ring circuit is restricted to protect the cable due to it forming a loop, whereas radial circuits can supply higher loads as the cable runs directly from the consumer unit to the appliance. - Ring circuits are suitable for general lighting and socket circuits, while radial

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views17 pages

    Chapter 1 Electricity Supply System 070323

    Uploaded by

    Kan Fock-Kui
    Here are the key differences between a ring and radial circuit: - A ring circuit forms a loop with the cable returning to the consumer unit/distribution board, while a radial circuit feeds one cable from the consumer unit/distribution board to the last socket without returning. - Ring circuits are commonly used to supply sockets in a room, while radial circuits are often used for fixed appliances like cookers, boilers that require a higher power supply. - The maximum load on a ring circuit is restricted to protect the cable due to it forming a loop, whereas radial circuits can supply higher loads as the cable runs directly from the consumer unit to the appliance. - Ring circuits are suitable for general lighting and socket circuits, while radial

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    BSQ3143 Building Services II

    Briefing:
     3 credit hours
     Synopsis
     Course Learning Outcomes
     Chapters
     Assessment strategy
     Important reminders
     Reference
     Google Classroom
    BSQ3143 Building Services II

    Greeno, R. & Hall, F. (2017). Building


    Services Handbook, 9th Ed. USA &
    Canada: Routledge.
    Chapter 1: Electricity Supply System

    The topics:
     Generation, transmission & distribution systems
     Substation
     Transformer
     Ring final circuit
     Radial circut
    1.0 Generation, transmission & distribution
    1.1 Electricity sector in Malaysia ranges from
    energy resources, electricity generation,
    electricity transmission, and electricity
    distribution.
    1.2 The flow of electricity is as follows:
    1.3 The electricity is generated at a power plant. The
    first issue is that most power generation stations
    are situated far from users. The electricity
    generated is not strong enough to reach to the
    end user.
    1.4 It thus goes by wire to a transformer that
    “steps-up” the voltage so that the power can
    be transmitted over a long distance.
    1.5 The electricity is then sent to large towns and
    cities on a nationwide network of overhead
    transmission lines made of aluminum.
    1.6 The transmission lines are either underground
    cables or overhead lines in between pylons.
    1.7 The electricity may flow along the transmission lines and
    vary in voltage level through different intermediate
    substations. Once the high-voltage electricity reaches
    populated areas, the step-down transformers of the
    substations located at these areas would reduce the
    voltage.
    1.8 From these substations, the electricity is then carried over
    the distribution lines that bring electricity to the end users
    at local areas of different streets or properties.
    1.9 Depending on the local design and the required voltage
    level, the voltage is further stepped down by the
    distribution transformer mounted on the poles or a group
    of properties sharing a transformer in a local substation to
    single-phase supply or three-phase supply.
    1.10 Generally, most residential houses are supplied with
    single phase electricity that flows through one live wire
    and one neutral wire.
    1.11 The difference in between step-up transformer and step-
    down transformer is as follows:
    Step-up transformer Step-down transformer
     Step up the level of low  Step down the level of high
    voltage to high voltage power voltage to low voltage power
    when transmitting the power when distributing power to
    through transmission lines the end users
     The current in the secondary  The current in the secondary
    coil is more than that in the coil are less than that in the
    primary coil primary coil
     The number of turns in the  The number of turns in the
    secondary coil is more than secondary coil are less than
    that in the primary coil that in the primary coil.
     Used for power transmission  Used in power distribution,
    purpose, i.e. generator i.e. distribution transformer in
    transformer in a power plant the local substation
    1.12 The difference in between single-phase and three-phase
    supply is as follows:
    Single-phase supply Three-phase supply
     Used in most residential and  Used in large business i.e
    domestic buildings industry and manufacturing
     Ideals for small loads like  Ideals for large industrial
    lighting and heating motors
     Required one live wire and one  Required three lives wire and
    neutral wire one neutral wire
     Supply voltage is 230 volts  Supply voltage is 400 volts
     The chance of fault is higher as  The chance of fault is lesser.
    it only has a single phase. If Even if there is a fault in one or
    there is a fault in the single two phases, the remaining
    phase, there will be no power phases will continue to supply
    supply. power
     Less effective than three phase  More effective as it can deliver
    for the same power deliver three times the power
     Quick installation due to less  Required time to install due to
    complexity of the configuration. more complex of configuration
     Lesser design costs  Required more design costs
    Petanak 33/11kV Substation

    Kemena – Selangau
    275kV Transmission Line

    Local Substation Petanak Substation – Control room


    Bakun Hydroelectric plant

    Transformer mounted on
    post

    275kV/132kV/33kV Serudit Substation


    Compact switchgear for Betong Division
    2.0 Private Substation

    2.1 A sub-station converts,


    transforms and control the
    electrical power.
    2.2 It is used where large buildings
    or complexes require greater
    power than the standard low
    or medium potential voltage.
    2.3 It must be constructed on the
    customer’s premises.
    2.4 It is supplied by high voltage
    cables from the electricity
    authority’s nearest switching
    station.
    2.5 The requirements for a sub-
    station depend upon the
    number and size of
    transformers and switchgear.
    3.0 Transformer
    3.1 A transformer is basically two electric windings,
    magnetically interlinked by an iron core.
    3.2 An alternating electromotive force applied to one of
    the windings produces an electromagnetic induction
    corresponding to an electromotive force in the
    other winding.
    3.3 If the number of turns in the secondary coil is
    reduced, the voltage is reduced and the current
    increase and vice-versa.
    4.0 Types of electrical
    circuit
    4.1 A ring final circuit
    is used for single-
    phase power supply
    to three-pin sockets.
    4.2 It consists of PVC
    sheathed cable
    containing line and
    neutral conductors in
    PVC insulation and
    an exposed circuit
    protective conductor
    to earth looped into
    each socket outlet.
    4.0 Types of electrical
    circuit
    4.3 In a domestic
    building a ring final
    circuit may serve an
    unlimited number
    of sockets up to a
    maximum floor area
    of 100 m2 .
    4.4 A separate circuit is
    also provided solely
    for the kitchen, as
    this contains
    relatively high rated
    appliances.
    Important Note:
    Fixed appliances such as
    fires, heating controls and
    low powered water heaters
    can be connected to a fused
    spur from a ring socket.

    Appliances with a load


    factor above 3 kW, e.g.
    immersion heater, cooker
    must not be connected to
    any part of a ring final
    circuit.

    These are supplied from a


    separate radial circuit from
    the consumer unit.
    4.0 Types of electrical circuit
    4.5 A radial circuit is a type of fixed wiring that feeds one
    piece of suitable cable from one socket to another.
    4.6 It continues in this fashion until it reaches the last point on
    the circuit and does not return back to the consumer unit .
    4.7 This type of linear electrical circuit is commonly used to
    wire household equipment such as cookers and boilers,
    lighting points and sockets.
    Tutorial
    Identify the differences between ring
    and radial circuit.
    Reference Video:
    Live, neutral & ground wire
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJYh4HgovaE

    What is a Neutral Wire & How Does it Work?


    https://electriccitycorp.com/what-is-a-neutral-wire/

    Differences between ring and radial circuit


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GNb1SSEjQg

    Wiring of Distribution Board from Energy Meter to Consumer Unit


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7z1RoLgpes

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