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    디지털 공학

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    qkrwlscjf12
    This document provides an overview of digital technology topics including: 1. Basic concepts such as logic gates, logic circuits, and digital signals. 2. Common logic gate integrated circuits including TTL and CMOS families. 3. Basic and advanced logic circuits using gates such as AND, OR, NOT, etc. 4. Number systems such as binary, decimal, and BCD. Conversion between number systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    디지털 공학

    Uploaded by

    qkrwlscjf12
    27 views418 pages
    This document provides an overview of digital technology topics including: 1. Basic concepts such as logic gates, logic circuits, and digital signals. 2. Common logic gate integrated circuits including TTL and CMOS families. 3. Basic and advanced logic circuits using gates such as AND, OR, NOT, etc. 4. Number systems such as binary, decimal, and BCD. Conversion between number systems.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document provides an overview of digital technology topics including: 1. Basic concepts such as logic gates, logic circuits, and digital signals. 2. Common logic gate integrated circuits including TTL and CMOS families. 3. Basic and advanced logic circuits using gates such as AND, OR, NOT, etc. 4. Number systems such as binary, decimal, and BCD. Conversion between number systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views418 pages

    디지털 공학

    Uploaded by

    qkrwlscjf12
    This document provides an overview of digital technology topics including: 1. Basic concepts such as logic gates, logic circuits, and digital signals. 2. Common logic gate integrated circuits including TTL and CMOS families. 3. Basic and advanced logic circuits using gates such as AND, OR, NOT, etc. 4. Number systems such as binary, decimal, and BCD. Conversion between number systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
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    port-H. dflo.l= +gE 27171 ',&HoI 9itr1. sisnal9 dt+lilE $oleB port
    signaloJ 49 entity4oll portB dfl61ts 4Tzl *sq, -l e.l signal9 dtg
    architecture$ begin
    ^iolqJ
    dttcl.

    0 signale dt
    (dt%l4l) signat signat_oj$ : xlE€ [:= azlfi] ; - *zlA]g dq4
    ilt4=

    ex) signal a, b : std_logicl - a,b€ sisnalE Cfl


    a (='L'; * signal aoll '1' 4 oJ

    =
    a(=b: - signal a.ll bE 4 fl
    signal count : std-iogic-vector(3 downto 0) := 11100";
    - signal count(3). count(2), count(1), count(O)gg +dg 4ulg Hlltr dfl
    6fI. azlfi rllo;
    0 portE Cflsl-b %tB
    ex) port ( a, b : in std*logic :

    I I out std_logic);
    (2) variahle

    variable$ process4 + .4"tr:Zfl (functionrl procedure)oll^Jtr ^FSq H, variable


    ol xlqb (}E process4 * =e:* qloil^JrJ +E* LllzJ H+ol+. variableS
    signalrl"#ol tmnL tl{ o}qq ,, +7J €4}t4lql ?s ol
    ^lq ds.P +€El= aol
    +€+.
    variableql^J rll9zls ':='9 Fg +^l4E 9"lE *=+.
    ^l+Bl^=
    (dt%1"*1) variable templ, temp2 : std_logici
    ex) tempL := '1';
    temp2 l= a or b, - a, bY signal
    k (= templi - temp13 variable, kb signai

    (3) eonstant
    consrantb .azlq dfl€I ++E {tg +xl6}brll $$a}4, vHDLel ++ z}Cql
    E€*g +q d4 +4614+ ++6l-*ql +E ol+B+. constanr9 4oJ7lsts ':--'
    g ,r.|$al-3., 37lalg +^l rligElq, t H 4"Js {}3 u|$ + ff+.
    (dfl%r'4]) constant delay : integer l= 5nsl
    constant size I integer := 5L2i

    (+) €txl(operator)
    ffHDL fl+}XT)
    ' E4€&xl(togical operator)
    or, and, nor, nand, xor, xnor
    t-
    VHDL qJtr

    *41 S$zl(relational operator)


    =, /=, ), (, )=, (=
    H{i H4}xF(adding operator) H *.}flt}zF(unary operator)
    + e

    #C(multiplying), qkd
    */

    +xl^{nlg
    (5)

    vr{Dlel s/}+ 341 *q4q+r} process LH+q^i'J +"}qE +z} iJEl+_a-E_


    341 +B + 91tr1.
    0 process # *- B"JA4.
    process(a, b)
    begin
    +zlxl el$;
    end processi
    0 process ull*oll^1 + ?i= +xlxl4E
    * 4zlE ^l-SB

    wait until clk = '1';


    *:rE
    rr "r
    (='1"
    L:;l T:"v
    end ifi
    u case
    E

    ffiiil,lry(=a;
    when "01" =) y (= b;
    qrhen others =) y {= n;

    *Hl+;"ffH; roopE)
    for k in 0 to 7loop
    y(k) (= a(k) and b(k);
    end loopi
    VHDL gg?

    (6) process E
    process EE *4ts$e(Behavioral Description)9G BIE+llsl
    ^lltsg s.Eptr
    zl€al-b4l €alal-4. BFEi]trol "Etra +CEl"l 9J-a, 4 rrEe HqxlelE
    ^]4tse
    af€,rl ,r-fs"{!9 bedg t4 *a}E +xl*E}. oJe{* E6t}+le.i BB^]al€ zllE
    processE g + ?tti. process ** 4 Jr-Eel Bqij;]E B*'olxlq},
    ^l^E*si
    process SE tll+b +ni-xl4E *i-rl]rLq, g-et$ 914*el +f,$ fl41 q]4.
    (dflr}^l) tnllolB:l process ?J4,11a. u1}E)
    begin
    +:|xl4E;
    end process [ellolB];
    &zl tls. 4AEE rll9 *q{EEe +8EJBI, ol 6ziCs4 Sg+zl-
    rlJzll process
    ^8
    4 "il proeess Eol +ss4. qlolBg :r processE xJadhb ol#olr, s.olE +B}6ltrt.

    (7) if +
    ;lfuolp* *"1 egol *ol$ +qsle if (a1$) then B^lol ?lrl. oj if *-g
    proce$s q1+q]4 +qq* +ilEoltrr.

    E "JHI4 if #
    if (34) tlren
    r:.xlt.
    r'
    \L-"ci

    else

    E3J2;
    end ifi
    E trt+if #
    if (aAl) then -.edtol etolH
    Btrl; - Et}lg +q
    elsif tZ42) then - zdtol *olxl *_l1 a4zzy #olfl
    E*2; - BeI2* +q
    else - E.54 +lol olq S
    St n; * Etn& *58
    end ifl
    III 88 VHDLqItr

    ts TlQAxlz| rfls€ if +
    if 6'd then - aAol EI+6}E E.6lg
    Eer; - +q6rr:B4 ?*eE
    end ifi - "+11+48 frzl(zl$)

    (8) case E
    if E+ eaql ,'l+ Eelg Cq6IzlrI case Ee +^l4ql q+ g.+g dq*q.
    case +E +4lZlg integer€, gAB(bitB, std logic€) Fq eg xle€ol fg",tJ-
    *qq, {!else} *" zlbsgl Ell+ €4ql zit}6}r+.
    case E+ +^l.el 61oJ wheng 7}4 "Jil6IE :r ++g +B6111, :B{ ?*_e.E +
    *9 wheng 6}9 Hl.n"o}q r EtlE +qg+E AAaq" rlE wheng +4g qel
    #eE sBts 4ollE "1"('E='ol+L EJg sf,*+.
    ^I++q
    i EcaseE
    j case sel is - selgl 6fo;
    ; when "00" =) - "00" olB
    i
    ;
    +eur' - Etrlg +q
    =)
    l

    i *hen "0l"^ - se19 Aol "01"ol{


    r
    j

    E+2; - Eti2g +{
    ] *fren other =) - se19 tlol "00", "01" oI olq E
    i

    i
    E6r3; - S*Bg +B
    i end casei
    I

    I
    I
    (gl loop E
    i loop}: +71 x]tslgolq *+ilE6}7l +ls },ol4. roopg*€ for-loop€^lq
    i *hile loop€^l "t *+ loopB^loJ *q.
    I

    i n tqolg=j I for +sg+ in EfHgl9 loop


    |
    I
    I

    I
    I
    +ilxlei$; - H+ H+]"ffi.-BJ+
    I
    I

    I
    I
    end loop t4lolBl;
    i E t4olg) : while &d loop
    ,
    I

    I
    t
    +ililq+; - aAol *B 4lzlzl Hl+
    I

    i end loop [ellolE=];


    rlt s= Rodr14=

    E tqolsJ : toop
    +zl:i4-E; - trI aI
    L:
    HL-H-
    A-l--1

    end loop tqlolEj ;

    fil 5tr BililatE

    beitlCg +lt vHDLg E+e zlBzlsE 6IE9]q s€ql TlHlg +r. gltrI.
    a}Eflq qeql^-l= EHC.e.ll^l 4lez1 dBq"l il?-lg trfl +il xlflEl
    =qdeg
    E aol olq+ HBael E+. qet^J 6}E?llq +4= 7l+6tE VHDLE E+e BB
    z"lqql TlHlg +-!. :l4r.E + 3l+.
    architecture + ,{+"il q+E 4lel6}r
    ^l+q= -EE VHDL E+g process +q
    Bq zl4Eolq +^loil ++El4l +e€4. process EE q^l Bq !4+ol4.
    =
    +rJ, process ,ll+e] ++Eg ql94sE +x}Seld}4l 6Iq ffi* 91469
    +€g {46}4 6ta 9lq. Hqz'l?-lEE 4q= 244 Hqi]E+4 dq4 Bfl A
    4E"l fltr}.

    E AA4 BE 8?-]E
    ed4 a^I + +flq+E ++6I= when-else E
    E dq4 Hfl i]qE
    +^l#ql EEI +Eq+= St6lb with-select E

    1. ndE gru fialE

    2.44 B4 il4E(when else)e +il4?j+.J if +rI +^l6ltrl. *44 Bq aEl


    Eg when9 4A 1ol *olfl signatoll r}€1g.llE6Ir, a41ol 41,oll z4 2zl
    atolH signat{l E}€ 2E 4E.J+. rqa oldel -EE:4aEol zla.olH signatgl
    4€ n€ Ell"Jt+.
    signal-olE (= 4€ t (adD else
    when
    ul€ z when (ad2) else
    TII 8T VHDLUtr

    q€ ,-f when (edn-1) else


    si€ n;

    ,&-* /t{E{x{
    LJ *l "*"t
    t**Ef{
    S) (, +JFlg
    t*l *t tL

    6d{ SS xt4&(when 64 else)* wheng adoil el6ll^J +qq+g **a'}xl


    EI C,lal €q ilel#(with *al seler:r)* witholalel +{ iiql E6li^J *tlsrl-, d
    E44 €s3 zja]&$" +iI ztBlEt case S4 -+.^lslq *zl:r.rt-s-e Ig + fl+.

    with (+41) select


    signal_olE (= ulBt when (dqAiil, - +4#ol dtsal tolE EI€19 4"J
    ulBz when (4iqAP),

    rfBn *;;. othersl


    w1h(f4)q^J +ils{ *& S*d"q dq* 1r+ es{ signarol} E€l'g q}oJBl.
    J. d'{a 2c} egtr sisnal{l 'u}ez'a EI*t4" "I.zl4 when EtF.lt when
    others€ Fx] ?*otE E{.i A+b with(f^l)el sE **l<lol rvhen adq +gg 4
    *o14.

    3. +Eq Efr

    VHDL& +E4sg s€'J+b ae *^l fl++ E4 sBlrr+ 6lE+]}q +&"ll 7t


    t z}rl* ff€ol4 B + fltrt. b-lE$ilol fls tqrj rc+zl#
    ^Js
    dse tsdr}q
    oloJ €41€ component€ o}+4q,
    ^l*HS +^J6l-Fol VHDLE +]14 $€o1*,
    ;r component# 4tr €€614 system€ zl++qb olliolct"
    componentE
    ^l-*o.}'q
    f
    +44 *.'H€- a}q€ componentB dd'* component *
    Al-4l4(couiponent instantiation)xJ7lts 84. :a4! E trlE +24 g€?l Generate

    +4 Generic Eol ?ltr},


    E Component #
    "lAoil €a]$ enriiy$ +*str *+Bloi +E{str €4l6tb S
    E Generate S
    Et 5= Eodr1q=

    Hlq ^Jce 9l+ E


    E Generic E
    sltrE g€q 4+E 4zll$fel elfl edq{ 4-b E
    =-Tle+

    4. Gornponent E

    €{}r}4"ll Ir}4,\] +li]€T}I+ ol#€E}ol ff.4.


    > +lzl €tt(positional associational mappin)
    componentg B4l olE(formal narne)4 €xll ol#(actual name)* €ql* ull.
    porr signaloJ rtHS +lzl +^lqe sa6}* il.
    > o]#AB(naured associatir:n mapping)
    componentel eal ulE{formai name)d'€xil o}E-S €E}g 4i, port signalol 4
    €g fl^lsl ,.trSffol 4zt9 '€41 ol$' => 'dxll ol = qs. €,8^l7l* AolE, 4
    d ol€isg. sdElTl El|"Eoll €tlg +^jql +*6t+.

    5. Generate €

    +-xI {E$oll^l +44t1 +68 zlzl* HI+ bEql{* for-Igop$g.t|$al$rl..


    olsl +^1614 H 4 3J nl E"ll AJ cornponer:tE HI-44 sH ,r.l--$al.zl +16llAJ
    generate(^Jd$)S$ xl-S*t|.
    =
    generate #e *+
    Yle ^J*dg flfl senerareE
    (if*generate#)ol ?lci.
    'J+ HI+ S"J& +l+generate +* {or €f in H* Hg}
    generate €*lg *+Etll, {zlxl B+H9{b 0 to n*l down to 0& /..|-*5J+. K4
    4 44 Eg ol+8lq gildg B trll El+ q+s] {ts ssJs}
    HI4 4?-l6l-b senerare
    €#€-f ii"iot ,*+. generate +g #+"il qlolB& +ol HI4 bB{B^doll E-sg
    +rll +tr+.

    E *+ H]+..3d
    qlolB : for E* in S+H*] senerate
    Bq "l4E; - €q xlEE*"H1+H9l*t Hlq
    end generate [4lolts*] ;

    E adHI4 xJd
    ellolB : if (a=t) generate - zd (a=il$ "J+g ull Elq
    ItI 8T VHDLg]tr

    Hq iJ4E;
    end generate ieilolEJ;

    71.Generic E
    generic(oJHlsDol* entity4oll 71+6lq genericg rl]zllHfE entitygl dB'*e
    E^J. pltrel ,H++ g€qej azlzl rnzllHf"tl el6ll acqril 6ti a+ *6JE+.
    generic$ ,}lzllHfE ql#ql tlg
    ^f+qb 4illts tr+olq, EE= ine-E 9"1 ilzl
    ^lE^1ts €ezl H+. genericel ull4 dr-+el ++E # zlzl a+tr Ll-k +
    ^l*$g
    9tbril Anil, HI+^JCE 4+E +lqr oi|z|| ,l'}#9 rF&4 E4, E€qel u11211
    =zlg
    ^J+s ^t+61* 4*o14.

    I
    1. 4gg dzl,llzl rqeol+. EIEB €lldlr, Egql B-a}^]s.,

    dzltlzl

    (il Eq Ael €q s"el xlfl^l<le g"IzF sltsz}?


    (2) Eq AE 00111100s, Eq BE 11000011E +tr, gH c"3 000000118 qJzL
    flg 4 €q4Bg fq^le-. Ee +89 izlb rrsE
    =+.
    2. ++ qEE €4l6tr-, E€-q B-61^le.
    So

    S'
    fI

    L1

    {1) fl So, Sr9 7l!o.q El{6}}^j €Bsl"^JS".


    (2) Uq S#.E} #4S9 z]fl^lz'lg'+E+{Als.
    (3) gq qlolEi cB €4 v-e 4H4E{n'*tr}. rllo} qbzl €H6}^l-e-
    "1Bal

    3. sl*- Hel#Hl3 slsE €al6|r, E*.ql H'6r^ls-.

    A
    t)
    L
    il0
    n{
    Ut
    U!
    D3
    D4
    D5
    D6
    ui
    Gn

    (1) +l eleqi^t 4 flEql qlall^J €B6I^l-?-.


    SEI-, A, SEL B, SEL C :
    DATA O, DATA 1, .", DATA 7 :

    OUTPUT
    wn
    (2) qlE €qse DATA 6g LilH4r dElB gq€ q€41 +"iot a}}.zl?
    (fi) SELA=1 {rs, SHt B=2 #s, SEL C=4 rc +7le *q& Z}6}J., DATA O, DATA
    2, DATA 4, DATA 6=1, DATA 1. DATA 3, DATA 5, DATA 7=09 +Sg Ellgl

    equlQ$-:.r-f r,ls-.

    4. r+*. nlsE €4lsl-r, s€-ql B6l^le_.

    s a

    R a

    CLR
    RS Flip-Ftop

    (1)
    "JH S=2 !s, R=4 tls. C=0.5 ssE +7lE +Hg q, €'q+Bg:1q^le-.
    (2) gq CelAq Q^lolel al€^la"g g"loJz}?
    (3) -H-tr", 4!4sE 4l^d6l-^]e..
    =q+Bg
    5. *S sle& €41o"lr, Egql Bti^le.

    \J
    a
    t-

    R a

    flIp
    VL\L

    JK Fllp-Flop

    (U E4 +7lE +X*
    J=2 ff", K=4 fis. C=0.5 rrsE trJ}. +q:r}€g fEl^Jg.
    (2) "Jq Ce+ Aq Q^lol4 zls^l+g E"ltlzi?
    (3) €qs+€g E- il", d4sE zladalrlg.
    ilt rH
    ^t=qqlrlaEJ

    4lzla4(regisrer)b *ql,ql ull$_€BF#-B€-d+q"q rilol4B gAl x{%ia}4+ d


    +61* tlae{ 4++E Qxjts ^l.Hol4 #+elql ?t"l^l trll+ f-fl-e zl# *r
    gitrl.
    =q6l
    dfrEl ^l*Hzlg zle, BH qolel d*ol+ 4€= ts+€'.1i "lsElz 1l
    4. ;.]r-r*e- ellxl*4* +e gq$ qlolElE 4t8lr xl;l oJFS q+q ^l-8-El"t fl+
    qt:*4"lql Elnlzl€-48, alE-HE, HE-4E, Hg-HB9 az1x1 uJr*lsEB+"El'q,
    EllolEl ol€LoJ4lEl trI4 a|.q,rlu:n ailzl^EJ, -?"+.rlEE qzl*El "i "Jo&6"t xJqE 4l
    xl*ul9 ,rJl zlx)*#+sll., S#q Hlqq-olE %F^18 xl-f.xl-xlle e+ *ts tlb
    ^lE
    E 4lxllel(universal shift register)7t ilgq olE"ll rfl* AiEEb +*4 eq.

    DEts*Be IH]EE 2d ql"lqg 7lqts + :Itr}. olelt qlolElE "J^14 zlq *


    zlE ellzllrJ (resister)43 +E+. fllalrqi qlolElE "J^]4 z'l^J$tlol otll4
    !
    I
    I
    I
    t
    ailrl^Ej qJtr

    E . 6q qlolElB HI+=qlE
    ^Fsgq +E it+. (rB g_rl4
    4tlg rllolelE 4E
    *ol DSB+B +zit zlBe d+61-E a+E g^zlr4l4 Eqg
    ckoJq +q
    oll"t4 xl*€ qolEl= t Eal ++ Ees olEE4. =4
    "J"J :Bgl,rj9 €qol E+ a
    zlgl "o'oJ t4q^l D oJq(zlg oJq)ol "10.8 +*q+* H4 t ryJ(+ ql
    zl)"1*oll '0"e.=. +^lgtrlE +qe [:-B g-z)4 €ol ++U+. =eE

    ral 9-t D 9A rlfl 4ulE ,Us= e1r4El


    =g$$ofl

    CP
    o"J4

    aA

    Qe

    Qc

    aD

    rB 9-2 D eF?t 4H 4l^l^El ElolB_E


    =gEE0ll ^lEE

    {Ee_ 4lzllelE a+ %}^lq 4+ ++6lE +g_ri *ol qzlxlz[ !Je{ (:H e_B)
    e ol5. sHlE Alu_= qlzlaElE Ezlg ++Uq.

    .-------.-else
    SF6.3 lil E Elq:
    -

    MSB I,SB

    (a)
    ={E "Jq - ^lE =e
    (b) alE gal - EB saj
    IIEE AlIt^E{

    B rritr

    lr
    ti
    tttt
    MSi} i"SB
    Bt €ni
    /n\ h*e.l oleit xlEl *E{
    \v,, C'E El-'l - --E EE.- (d) EH ?lq - +lH €el
    rts g-3 47txl EA Er4l9 ,t lse stlrl*EJ

    xll l HAl:ux e{lxl*E1

    zlH qlxl^El* qlqg qlolEJTI * HJE4 zl$e ol6slq, t:ts 9-4lE


    ^lEtr
    {a)b 4B 'Jq-4€ 6q ,J{sd tlEl$ dolr}. :E {b)E xlH Hq*HB 6q
    ,%}*l

    o-E zlH oJq-4€ €q ,J{g €6-|j1 9t+.

    "rtffi* #:
    fiH*m-m*WffiaH frH*Mi F 6JF,r'68
    .#H

    (a) x{E gH - ^l=J


    Bq (b) x"lH "Jq - BH
    =H
    :lH 9-4 5lH ,r-lseeilXl^EJ

    1. sl* Ales *ilx15r1

    a*ej JKSB+Fge- +tB ++ Eil;q*qfleft shift resister)b [:]H 9*5]


    ^1=r
    e+ Brl-. K.Jq qoll Jsl HIEI]E .J4& 7t6lB Dgg+Bo] Elr-E 4 tg D€eJ€s

    ,+ #g Szlg sE+. E{olElH LSBq A+ql^l MSBE DBss "l$Str}. BE: €H€
    qtrllEl 91tr

    SgaTlql E& gq 9,1I, Alue €4E A qlxlql^J F+g+r.6IzI. fB 6)elA


    e DE4ol 7l-6114= a+ql= a H4 rl:re g^ql e-16il trll"lq= D= A*eE #4
    xlJ., + H4l g4q*lE C+, ql Hrq g4ollrlE n
    ^luE €Aql^l} B+, ^Jl Br{|
    *ge sad+. + ^lue €r9 oJzle ellzl^El +(ft)"il xl+qq gl€ rllolElb
    tL +4 ffio g ol:'B+.(s e_1 +3)

    E 9-1 rl+ IE= {Ilrqq


    =1tE
    T IE EE-,\ Qo Qc Qs Qn

    0 00
    1 01
    2 10
    3 00
    4 00

    ol4 ?ol ++ qlxl^El"ll^JE zlE "Jq rll"lelzl +qql +q+48 +zll9


    ^lsE
    ,rls e Btzl ES_o1r1.

    xlBl
    -1 e, zld
    -1 iS
    Bei
    e. --l
    olEi
    u-1

    Al EE d/.

    (a) E4flE
    Ill 1= ll=Eqlrl^El

    ,,(lilE d^
    D

    aA

    aB

    Qc

    Qo

    (b) EloltrJE

    ral 9-5 6t* ,r.ls= E1Il4El

    ol trll E, €qg 4g "Jq-a.lE €q €alol4.:44 t:H e_5lg (a)glrl ddo


    -s -E^l+ Hiel a-ol eeE zlB Eg-HB €rlol g +E ?i+. uffizlzJ
    =49
    E zzlql E-E 4zllE Bol 44l qq =q
    n gqol g46trll 1e. frxlqq .Jz}E
    fll
    A+q 44lE ,tlse B4zI zlqltl FIE F4I *4zl (E e_2)4 *_eq, (s e_3)e
    -E= qlzl^elzl ^JlEg"l 9la 0r+ 1ol Htol +EI+b trllolEJ oJqol "JzIg a+E
    E+rlEiltrol+.

    E 9-2 rt* ,tlue4l^l^Ele.l Erfh) E 9-3 4|,+ .41B)


    ^lEFail^AEIE
    Qp Q6 Qs QA A IE EE].,\ QD Qe QB Qa
    ^IEEE^
    0 000 0 111
    1 00.1 1 110
    2 011 2 'r 01
    3 111 3 010
    4 111 4 101

    oltr-el a4q^-1 ag ^lEE g^ql E6}l^] olE(shift)€ 'llolElel H+ts


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    26. (1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6

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    386 +=

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    E A
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    3. X=AB+AB=B(A+A)=B

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    6. F =ABCU +ASED +ABOD + ABED
    7. F = mo mt ilI4 = Mr Mz M3 Mo M;
    8. F =MtMSMO = IrI0 + m2 * mg rt-[1,] * ms * mr
    9. f = AI]CD+NNCD+ABCN +ABCD
    388 +=

    10. f(W. X. Y, Z) = WXYZ + \A/XYZ + WXYZ + WI(YZ


    11, r(A, B, C, D) = (A+B+C+D)6+B+C+D)6+B+C+D)
    12. n'(2. il, 6, 7) = fuI2. M3. M6. M7
    13. P = frlo 1- m? t m.l t me + mrol C etJ+.
    14. j'(A, B, C) = E(0. 2,4,6) = ABD + Age + eBe + ABe = e
    f(A. B, C) = Tt-(1, B. 5, T) = (A+B-reXn+B+etG+g+eXA+g*e) =e
    15. AB
    00 01 11 10

    0 D I i 1
    1

    1 0 0 1 n

    16. 1) 9\

    AB AB
    C 00 01 1i 10 C 00 01 11 10

    0 1 1 0 1 1

    I I 1 I 1

    .'.Y=A .'.Y=B
    17"

    3ulE gE 2II =E
    LL
    AB
    00 01 11 10
    -- C
    XYZ P
    e G
    0
    c00 1

    U 0 1 C 1 c e
    010 0
    I
    0 I I

    t00 U

    101 1

    110 P=XEYOZ
    a
    1 1 0

    (a) ilatE (b) ,ier_lE,


    qg=rJtuflE 389

    18. 74LS85 27H 4B B€ (8bt ztl+tr +CEJ Ae+ B€)


    A=ArAoAnA+AnA:Ar
    B=BrBcBsB+BilBrBr
    :aJ4 ,J"l ulrzl MCloll^J 4bitG3 - A0, B3 - ne)E Hxl ulzalol :L €q
    € cI* rr.|;lzl oJ MCZ"J zillzlloltrJ o; {-o s qtq.
    trlE
    =al -sl9l
    *n;i tSl *trit
    Ar Az At Ai: Iir fiz lli ifu A: AL; As A-l fi: LJc Lls B+
    riililll
    iililiii
    :i
    :i:i
    t!:t.
    iiiiitit
    /.)R
    A(B ?4;SS5MCZ)
    74LSS5(ivtCrl)
    A=B

    $B A(B A=B
    iluiput

    19. \ ola{EF
    -rE-rui I. L
    Io It Iz .,1 Is Ir
    gf.-,.-_ tr6

    Ei, ,0, o I (} @ o 10 11

    n tl 14
    B @ 6 13 @
    tl]'
    r{ tt 11 3 0 5
    (a) dflH

    I
    B,
    0
    ol
    H
    e4
    1

    il
    B

    ,tl
    u A

    tli,L, n
    tiD J {b) t!4uxsl !"J
    390
    ==

    1) dels
    o lz{
    tl -i
    -t:fl
    =i
    AB SC A
    0 0 0 0 B

    0 1 1 0

    1 0 1 U

    l 1 0 1

    I B(Surn) = A@B@C zl-q *eJ+(Carry) = AB+(AeC)ci


    o
    o. tlzl&z) 27[sl AND TllolE 14171gs6l-tr+.
    4. t) 9ezl +d.61+(EE). z) iJ 4+E7l mls+(+d).
    5. gqtzl ; 3zll
    6. Hl{+4 oR gate
    ,-,
    t. 8, "rt-)\ o:rl irl
    xI4€.iJ
    dzl"tiTl ael
    ;1.: Cr(1)
    A.t C+
    A: As
    Sa(0)
    Ar A: Er
    Ao Ar a
    B+ -f,
    zL2
    n
    lfJ
    Ba B&
    B:; 11,
    ZJ+
    Bz
    Br
    l-ir
    BC

    Si{0)
    ,l^ti.rJ,ri

    So(0)
    qgErlt0llH 391

    r{l 6 S g*S$slEel E=JESele

    t.

    L.K

    ql4ul€ R

    a
    €eildi'qi
    Q

    Cit

    ltttl
    rtttl

    3.

    o#q
    q -v t---l
    D Latch9Fzl E4
    ll
    392+=

    4.
    C-

    'i-I

    a L
    5.

    6. 24
    ?- +E= inte4l a-fzl f"la-|l^l ^I&tltrI.
    ^gic In2
    8- T=CzR2
    s. dlB4
    10. 4lolnGace)€t
    U. T = g,TRslCr = 0.7y 10x 103x 0.01x 10-6 = 70 ps
    12- 5 EEz
    13. (1) +El+(f) = 480 xlrz
    tZ) +44f = 33.3 o/n

    14. B^+ t = 6.9 rm

    xll 7 s 4l+trlB

    @) : r28 (5) : 1024


    (4):4 (5):4 (6) :6
    qgErlto}lg 393

    ,)
    1).

    FFr:J=Qz K=1
    FF2:.J=Qo K=Qo
    FF.:J=Qo.Qi K=1
    Ele.E eo(r,S3)
    Qo(t,S*)

    Hish

    4
    |L,''t-'
    *
    TTl]

    DO\YN

    t\i

    1.,

    l.
    394+=

    b.

    ol# I
    tl -ri \ Q.q
    $4e
    Qn Qn

    Qc Qr:

    Qi: -{s*li

    l.?
    t.

    AQr
    B
    '!.'. ' x'u
    QB
    Ro[i
    Rorzr Qc

    Qn

    ++i
    B.

    aA

    Qn

    nv Qc
    Ro(tt
    Itoiz; Qr Qir

    e. Ezl€ Btl 7I+El


    10. 8TI Et& zlplrel
    qgErltuilg 395

    dI 8 EI VHDL g|.a

    1. (1) 10.7 ns
    Q)
    i{

    x 4 + gtg.
    ^lE4lolC fl€.
    trll. Deviceuirl- detayTj- ,.J

    2. (1)
    "JB o1.Js_r_ d.a. Cq
    (z)

    (3) S0rl Slql "lg"ql Ell6 oJq {EE Hq=+.

    3. (D SELA, SEL B, SEL C: oJq olgtrr tlE dq


    DATA O, DATA 1, ..., DATA 7 : OJ4 TA
    OUTPUT : €44lir
    wnr€q 4]tr(ouTffri
    (2) SEL A, SEL B. SEL Cql ilqle ,.110"o]EJ g4 CEg Hq+q.
    396 +E

    (3)

    i:

    ,tI& rrll, Deviceolrl delayzf {A + *9,


    ^lEtsllold
    4. (1i

    ^l$?]lol
    € B,g rril, Deviceul-4 delayz| ^J 4- + il$.
    {2) NS

    (3)
    SR.Q
    EH
    U

    t=xl
    -T Ci

    5. (1)

    >ii ,tl$q1old'il€ 4J, Devicenl4 ^da +

    e) 9.9 ns
    (3)
    S R a
    0 tl
    =rf{
    0 1
    n

    1 0 1

    1 1
    UJ8
    qg=rltofiH 397

    r{, r\'rf- r{iYl ( r1 ::!,a


    ,\1l IJ fi i:j$,{ij)'':i ll!lfr-

    I. zlB-xlB zlg-BH rJ.^j, BH-alH *J^J. HB-HE r}^l


    Bl^1,
    c)
    ffiol{-oJ^|, ++ol$ r}^1, oJ+oldi H-tl
    3. zl
    -i
    ticl
    u 1! nE]
    vr. Brl Ar]
    {'1
    i:] ,Jr:
    arl :t\
    il I t/-..- -1
    il,l '! ,r:
    PJ
    L]
    qt *,
    ol ?i
    *..,
    :,:,1 ,-11
    L'I I

    ol
    ^l-:i.f,;
    rl

    rlloir=l i,.lj:::l
    4.
    rl-*tr=-
    r,llCIlE1 fl=2
    Ci<

    i)

    c
    C - t- r In
    l-)

    5.
    i\o
    Pi

    il

    'l'i nti'l
    ABC}
    6. ll]rtll

    ffi
    tt!:!tl
    1
    Clock
    0 tllil
    ttrlrlr
    lttttll
    trrltlt
    1 trtrrrt
    L) YrlrYrt
    ttl(lll
    0

    R.

    if

    T
    398 +=

    7.

    B. 800 ns
    9. 4d +ll+t,t'Jgtr= iltlzl^ElH #qoj d"Jqa flg ull qlzl^El9 4*ol EtE Ell

    xl.rr:lel +9lE 5r :j.= A.


    10.

    *c
    +

    x'il 10 a D/Ast Ai D EElTl

    1. xJaj, t$gl z1# xlitJ, -rl€E


    ^]oJ
    trls"J
    ^EBlzl
    Z. (1) EE "Jq CSol +10 VolH Blr +q d.J9 44tc}.
    (2) 4HItr*xlql +6ll^] r6zll9 7l+oJ dI4oltri.
    (3) g"Jej 4 4E ol8

    10_ 10 _. 0 _
    tCJD-(Ro/4) 10
    *(Ro/B)
    Ro
    II
    Vr1 -
    1,1,1,1
    *@JD*in.l+l -(R.78)
    R,

    =
    11Bo_.+_=
    * T=| v

    3. (1) LSBE 716,^l =


    2'_1 31
    qgEril0Hg 399

    (2) 6q Tl oJ vo
    Vl= l0 x 2t' x 0 x 2'f 10 x_222 +0 x Z:i +!0 x 24
    2,
    10(1+4+16) _ 210 , ,1 r,'f? 1r
    32_1 = St =+h.{tv

    4" A H4I IViSB


    \ivA= v ,10 ,7
    Z=+i=*5V
    5' H4l MSB
    vA=+=-'-f =+2.sY

    4} E,II MSB
    Va = V = -'#- = +1.25 V

    qI H41 MSB

    v.^ = * = *0.G25 v
    += loq

    +{ Blgll MSB
    vA = =- = *0.8125 v &sB)
    *Y, *!.

    5. ry x x xZ?+IAx23+I0xZ4
    VA= 0 2n+10 2,+0
    2'
    ,%r,o =#=*8.125v
    6. 0.15625 V
    7. 9.84375 V
    B,
    vQ = %*r.x q.+
    400 +=

    vr) = 10x(
    +.+. *-
    -fr1 = 10xo.?Be = 7.Be v
    1

    EsIb=#=39.06mV
    9. +ol]b =-+ x 100 = i!!Z x 100 = O.2o/o
    10" elJojtrl 4is;<1;J, Hl49- rl*€elloJ. TY"J+ €-
    11. fl+B A/D Hq+?l* ^J+, 6Le zl+EIE
    ^FSeq.
    12. €+B A/D H+zlE zl-*el€ run Hszl_H.4 mle.4.
    13. Ain = 110\2;9 4l Ao*,-b
    Aoul=KX Ain=0"1 x 13=l,.3VoJEl.
    Ai,., = 1101(2) = 13. K = 0.1Voltr-tr-Aou.E 1.3 Vol+.
    14. €"4 d9.r Voo,

    vout = -(vn . ;\'c * l ru- I vr) = -6.25 v


    1

    E6llk =tV,\= -0.625 V

    15. &n = 1101121oJ uff A,rurE

    Air, = 110112; = 13, K = 1,rqolEs?- Aoorts 13 nlAoltrI.


    16. Eolli=(step size) = 4a}9l bit(LSB)9 zI4Zt
    A = 0001(z) = lolqE gi ol+6LB
    ^]g
    Voui=-0.625V
    alql€q
    \/t oui, --0,375V
    at ,

    ll " }=qtrh.
    18. ilgdg}"]l +++* e+q ,ll+ HIrJ6l++ 4
    19. RC zJ **zl ^J4l5lq trsJol Hs ds cqE4 'J "Ja!6Iq.
    ^l

    xii i] $ illisai sl_t_

    1. DRAM* +48)etr ell.ql^l {ls€ *6dll+9ot t*.


    2. zlg + ?lr-. qE:-#E 7kt glrl d+'llEaloltrl-.
    e.tg=riloilg 401

    3. +4I +EE k"lzl fi6ll^i 4+El LH+-q ^l-.sq* 4;z ml--= +Eel SRAM
    4. qlolsel -q.€ rl<lol 4zl UllE
    5. 24lel ^"le 4E Eor-6-#os d5g zlsl^l{tr1-.
    6. 32 x 32 = !A24
    7. 841
    B. (t) +ls f : 4K = 4x"t124 = 10969]E
    (2)+ H15=+ . 4K= 4 x 4096 = 16334u1 =
    +, +jE +k 40964lolH +lr. B'Eltr+* 4ol+.
    9. (1) qlolEi "J€.E 41 SE9 azJTl Brrl r= ol-F_H z+7+ B7H ol+.
    (2) qEq*c flS_e.] €-=aroi gK = 8x1042 = B192oju_E
    log8192
    \J .: = tr3zli
    log2
    (3) *]lE-r-l $e3-* Arx I = I x 1024 Xg = 65536HlEolr,l.
    lHlol -E: * q ol !:r E ol e zl-
    BErl
    "llgal €.*Jg 612giilol ElrI.
    10. DRAM
    11. RAM
    12. (1)
    402 *otErt

    R}
    X, sf -H. 7l
    1-r\ balqlg 16

    t-714 59
    tl4I 29 EelsI 59
    zl# l_- 38 h&zl 187

    tl*21* 2A qg 38
    ,J4l 30 NAI( 52

    ar}Tl 182 NANDEIS 83


    zJxltl 360 new file 273
    4rJ #q 80 NonEIE 81
    ,}|rJ edlq 95 NOT 69

    Aqqe
    ,]l"J 94
    dttaxl 197 (c)
    4l#zl 235
    #dzl 186 trl*41 143

    *xtffi+) 3i2 *"I4tr] RAM(DRAM) ti61


    jldq+ 59 4o14"_l 'ils?-l 366

    +*d+ 102 4o]e-r-- "ltrq^ 166

    +a4 s."JB 293 +++ srl* 264


    at€I 4lfzl 239 clal
    r-: --t 161

    fla+ 4l+jr 239 d--r'


    L-l rl-
    uL-H-
    Ltr --1
    rS,H
    O O 305

    -:elloJ a:: 45 *"JA gqulolu rlloiEl 203

    +3qi+s d4 11 ql+E 44 11

    zl4l"l 29 rllolel 319

    zl# 20 E7l4 Al#zl 235


    GENERATE 305 EEffi++) t42
    Graphic Editor 274 -E-7,Inl r: ull zl
    o--l-1 +ao 292
    5il{exclusive-NOR) 143
    (t-) +El tsl 203
    c:ll.,l'.-E-c 202
    -vil-=<

    be-l ,,ilg 69 cgezJ(De Morgan)9 Cdl 66


    xotE 7t 403

    q gE€al^l 1s4 RDRAM 380


    q 4q ol€-(disable) 155 refreshds- 358
    d ^.? 51 ROM 357, 368
    4zlB 4l&zl 264 RS 48
    4 zlE_ rl4l 262 DE E ts]E.E.
    rr,u rj i= tJ 2t6
    =,
    qxlH {E 2 RST 2t9
    44B dSrql 265 Rel tr+ 31
    rl zl$,rJ 105

    4zri 144 (n)


    QSe q4Eel 276
    D(data)B Sts€* 228 u!43(mask)RoM s7z
    D/A (digital to analog)HSzl 4 tri*El .+4oltse 220
    DDR 379 EEI+ul^i ls1
    Defar,rlt 272 ,ils?-l EltF 377
    DIMM 379 H xll 5e
    DRAM 358 -ErL=.4.8" 11

    Jl4(metal-oxidesemiconductor. N{0S) 11

    (e-) ++i aa fi4


    MBM 380
    4xlq-a 2t5 Millman9d4 332
    4lzl.q 235, 309 MOD-10 241
    af cJ ollzlqlzl 220 MOS ROM 370
    ?-.1'J qlrl 7 MQ qlxl^El 188
    4€ zL-34 236 MSD 21
    eJ TISq 254, 326 MUX IC 151

    LCCC 13

    loop E 302 (u)


    LSD 2T

    LT(lamp 137 ulol


    I l-
    e 38
    LTl(iower trigger level) 213 Hlolg4fuipolar)E i1
    R-lE E+ 31 ul-ol€48 12

    RAM 3s7 elzltlzl 170


    404 IotETl

    tlE4l EtlEq 357 BS 48


    HI-A B zl-Brl 25s V flag 1u96

    ullelzl billrllols gT variable 299


    r{ iil T8 VHDL 268

    '3*z] 2

    B S zl-tlzl rrs (:.)


    44 zl*zl iss
    sB gel-41€ apl .',1str 4zl*El 323 slE"J 3tl4
    ^I+elE
    B€ EeE ql4^q 323 tr*rlzJ B
    ^jrl_-r=
    J{f(complemenf,) 7 6 ^Jq dol 69
    E-f(complenrents) 30 teetl d* 222
    sfa|1sgsD 153 t6.f{up) 259
    +E 105
    ^Ht 61

    +EE| s8 r-lzltsurge) 106

    +E4 7 dq zl '3 6J ij tsjE" 303


    +aq(HEf i) 223 a+5" +lz{ 11

    PEzl 145 +^JEelEls I


    -?gcl'(encoding) 38 +^i 4 109

    *ull el H xl 64 +il4 zl el 361

    +6llt- 3so +zlil e"l* 300


    B'tl+ 62 f*] 4lfzl 254
    Btg(ltock diagram) 109 +s zlEg?+ 182
    HlTl-f iE Bg +81€ 317
    ulflzl(magnitude comparat"or) t42 +q B (KrElll)^lEtr ufl x] r' ej 316
    HlETlal 4lf zl zgs f,rltr E4a 212
    HIoJC $ elulols4 olrl 196 ^ellts RAM 361
    Hlr= ,e
    up
    ,.\EIl
    339
    -rJ
    Hl*dirt 224, gug A5+lzlG"uop watch) 261
    E? (borrow) 259 arlols(spike) 106

    BCD 133 s 4El^lEj Ztr


    ^slE.
    BCD 7E r.,{L
    39 OLI 36
    BI/HBO 138 al€eilolrS 283
    Bottorn*Up 269 ,rlu e qlzl^q 309
    *otE 7t 405

    327 *u-21 4 zl rl ,JC t77


    7r€.El aF 5B ojelJl;,1z} 362
    ^1tr-tr
    {41+ 20 e! { e,<lzl 264
    t}4(duaiity)9 flr-l 65 .J%i"J(sif;ffi) ,r.J u e illxl4El 315
    ,.JqlC B 4 ulol :r-41 ol eJ ?LL oJzfEI B

    CASB -g 302 g/tr}+ 4ltrtl Zsg


    CCD 380 flieiel dfl 2.eB

    CLR(CD) 226 { zlg(excitation 231


    CMOS t2 { xl'* 106
    Compile 282
    "l4lEI 59
    constant ,aa € vlgu4 826
    CPLD 278 st +:el *zj 1e0
    CR .18 t1&xF(Operator) 299
    SDRAM 380 €E.t-zl" ?.i-_ 46
    signzrl ?98 gttl5g(overflow) :S
    SIMM 379 €I+ ?8
    SM'I' 13 e*-s 105

    SOIC 12. 13 +d+9"1 qlaq L4e


    SOPB^] 1t7 :?+ rltrE fllzl+Q Bt4
    SPI,D 270 Olr
    i-f *- 45
    SRAM 358 +14 5e
    +.llol4l=(weighreilx-I"J' BBg

    16aB 21 f"lxl€tl 305


    B{-E}l r{El Tg ,?!E4€ tZ
    3=$ Ac 42, 1gt +a 5:q alAl4l 149

    3=4 flIi (eacess*codelzl*21 1Bl olB€'f+ 3os


    ?lr{E 76

    "Jqloi+ isl 154


    oJoJE 317

    2 qlaEl 146
    293 9lElcllolA(interface) 102
    142 oJfl.dE B6s
    1{O oJil hq 61tr
    88
    405 +folETl

    "J4 qe(equiYalence gate) L4l zlzl ts-f ^J€ 58


    oJH ztlal 171 xlzl n.ol 359
    A/D(analog to digital)H+Izl 4 xlz] qlolu 51, 359, 361
    ACK 52 z|-g-oe rrg_* 293
    AND 68 xlel gH+ i71
    AND(;ftm#i) TilolE TB TIel€-B 42
    AOr4loIE Bs S* €$s s8
    ASCII 47 ,(lodGl
    ll r.r L: -I 19

    EEPROM 373 **q+ 19

    ENIAC 1
    ^lElB
    BQtzl 331

    EPROM 358, 372 &tl\ltl 171

    IBhl 48 Tl{J4l7l 184

    if E 301 dzldzl*6}E El(IEEE) t4


    iniection logic)ElE362 dB 4r 97

    68 d9 zlg^l,J 97
    185 dq ds 97
    185 = EE olEJ
    -r-l
    -LlTf 97

    1 d+fl 98
    UTl(upper trigger level) 2t3 dF-'".€€ t02
    rs.l E+ 33 z-leto)r
    'r-!TfEi- 1 101

    2 out of 57-E 58 diil dEl^lrJ 175

    2*421 253 d+ 175

    2*42ttv 58 131 ds} zlfl,tlzJ 8s


    zelol tr (wide) 86 dul zll4 t76
    26 A^IB 344 dulzlfl L75
    n
    2Tl b"l 68 C bzl I

    2+lH 2t c-H- s4 47

    51111 aE 58 Cd zLql 105

    5421f,-c 58 a tlq0}-EtT) 223


    4*r 331,342
    (z) 414i 37

    4t+ 189

    4vl 43 {lf effzl4r-{ 189


    6a Hl+ ^8c 305 4qq 106

    4.44 BB ^JalE 303 xl q qi (chattering)ulz] El f* 209

    aqlt.4 sls 109 ar]l+E d 4 11

    4Et+EslE. o
    O ajql'"t 111
    r!ar
    2.a.Lx]
    +tt -1 109 at]"+l Hltr OL

    ** 4lfzl 25s alArJ i11

    ++ 7l*Ej 327 +*w4) +^lB 344


    5l+ *llxlAui 311 a4 zfial 171
    ^lEE
    +.Jt tr-Eil 204
    5-;1st tlzi ii (=)
    *ts(rsa') 342
    7.*-r'-
    o
    -1
    Ll- 53 zl"L 115

    xJH(branch) 334 7Ia u-e. i15

    xl€ 235, 288 ?]1q 176


    ^l+ ^EAd
    xifl(delay) SH€E 229 ,ll+l qlg?.I 358

    18 z1l,rl ullr.zl 381


    ^lS^lrJ
    xl S z[{!zl 173 4 ^-l gL 330

    zlB e.llzl4q 311 E.E 38


    ^ls--e.
    4g .Jq_HB €q rloE 4l^llEl322 -a4
    L- d, 29

    zlcd 342 =i-I= zr-


    =-!=l 97

    zl4 Ej{!€ r{lfzl 243 E?l"1


    ^.i1tr
    218

    tals. 60 zlEE i50


    rIZ -u-el g-E-
    UI\ A H E, EI 222 Quine- Mckluskey
    7 42-I-ic- 58

    7 42IA-v s8 (e)
    ?^llrEE 136

    4ol"J *fl^.] 205


    (=) 4olBs 70
    qlolB ol+H 126

    iI+ 4cc 342 EEil .g


    +E ii 79

    4te- a€ 3.E 51 5{1 4lol 47

    4Ls dd+ "ll"J +9. 52 tr4geJ 44 7. 221

    4re a€ +g 52 Eqlg B "llxl "Jzl 220


    408 *otErt

    200 2t
    227 26
    336
    15 (-")

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