COVID 19

Tugas Makalah Bahasa Inggris

Dosen Pembimbing :
Riany Fitri Wulandari, S.Pd

Penyusun : Taufik I dano

Nama Jurusan : Operator Komputer
No STB :

LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PROFESI

GAJAH MADA COMPUTER AMAPANA
PROGRAM PROFESI 1 TAHUN
COMPUTER OPERATOR
2021

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 FOREWORD
Thank God Almighty for all his blessings so that the author can compile a paper on"COVID
19"as well as possible.

The purpose of writing this paper is to increase our awareness inknowinghow dangerouscovid
19 is and increase the importance of maintaining health in order to avoid contracting covid 19.

I would like to thank all those who have helped, facilitated, advised, and supported the writing of
this paper so that it is completed in time. May God be rewarded with a great reward.

Although the author has compiled this paper to the maximum, it does not rule out the possibility
that there are still many shortcomings. Therefore, it is highly expected constructive criticism and
advice from readers.

Finally, I hope this paper can add to the references to community science.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER....................................................................................................................................I
PREFACE...............................................................................................................................II
TABLE OF CONTENS..........................................................................................................III
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Problem Background...........................................................................................................1
B. Problem Formula.................................................................................................................2
C. Purpose................................................................................................................................3
D. Benefit.................................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. What is Covid-19?...............................................................................................................4
B. When is Covid-19 coming into Indonesia?.........................................................................5
C. People Who Confirmed the Beginning of the Emergence of Covid-19 in the world and in
Indonesia 5
D. Types of Variants and Symptoms of Covid-19...................................................................6
E. Types of Vaccines in the World and Indonesia...................................................................8
F. How to Overcome and Prevent Covid-19............................................................................10

CHAPTER III CLOSING

A. Conclusion...........................................................................................................................11
B. Suggestion............................................................................................................................11

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BAB I
INTRODUCTION

1. Background
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus derivative, 'CO' taken from corona,
'VI' virus, and 'D' disease (disease). Previously, the disease was called '2019 novel coronavirus'
or '2019-nCoV.' The COVID-19 virus is a new virus associated with the same family of viruses
as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some types of common cold viruses
(WHO, 2020). Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The disease was first discovered in
December 2019 in Wuhan, capital of China's Hubei province, and has since spread globally
around the world, resulting in the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic. The World Health
Organization (WHO) declared the 2019-2020 coronavirus outbreak an International Public
Health Emergency (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The
outbreak of this disease is so very shaking to the world community, that almost 200 countries in
the world are infected by this virus including Indonesia.

A. Problem Formula
In the discussion of this material, and in order to be arranged systematically and efficiently then
there is a formulation of problems that include:
1. What is Covid-19?
2. When is Covid-19 coming to Indonesia?
3. What are the people who confirmed the initial time of covid-19?
4. What is the type of covid 19 variant?
5. What are the types of vaccines in the world and in Indonesia?
6. How to overcome and prevent covid-19

B. Purpose
In discussing this material the objectives that can be taken are:
1. To find out the meaning of Covid-19
2. To find out when covid-19 entered indonesia
3. To find out how many people are confirmed at the beginning of the emergence of covid-19
4. To find out the type of variant covid 19
5. To know the types of vaccines in the world and in Indonesia
6. To know how to overcome and prevent covid-19

C. Benefit
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1. Manfaaatnya we can know the understanding of covid-19
2. The benefits we can know kapam covid-19 entered in Indonesia
3. The benefits we can know how many people are exposed to covid19 at the beginning of the
appearance
4. The benefits we can know the type of variant covid-19
5. The benefits we can know the types of vaccines that exist in the world and in Indonesia
6. The benefits we can know how to overcome and prevent covid-19

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 BAB II
DISCUSSION

A. What is Covid-19?
Coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that
attacks the respiratory system. The disease due to this viral infection is called COVID-19. Corona
virus can cause mild disruption of the respiratory system, severe lung infections, to death.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) better known as coronavirus is

a new type of coronavirus that is transmitted to humans. This virus can affect anyone, such as
the elderly (elderly), adults, children,and babies,including pregnant women and nursing
mothers.

B. When is Covid-19 coming to Indonesia?

On March 2, 2020, for the first time the government announced two cases of Covid-19
positive patients in Indonesia. However, University of Indonesia (UI) Epidemiologist Pandu
Riono mentioned the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus as the cause of Covid-19 that has entered
Indonesia since early January. "Since the beginning of January it is likely that the virus (SARS-
CoV-2) has entered Indonesia," Pandu said in an online discussion entitled "Population
Mobility and Covid-19: Social, Economic and Political Implications" on Monday (05/04/2020).

C. Do people who confirmed the beginning of the emergence of covid-19 1 in the world and in
Indonesia
The Chinese government re-searched the first case that tested positive for the new
coronavirus or 2019-nCoV until some time before the case was confirmed or until November
17, 2019. Reporting from scmp, local authority records show that the first person infected
with coronavirus was a 55-year-old resident of Hubei. Existing documents could help
scientists track the spread of the disease and possibly determine its source. The Chinese
government has so far announced that 266 cases tested positive for the coronavirus last year,
all of which are under medical supervision. Some cases may be delayed after health
authorities tested specimens taken from patients suspected of carrying the virus.

D. Types of Variants and Symptoms of Covid-19

WHO gathered a group of partner experts from around the world to do so, including experts
who are part of existing naming systems, nomenclature and taxonomic experts of viruses,
researchers and national authorities." Who decided to give new names for coronavirus variants
that are not related to a country, but still easy to remember. The name uses the Greek alphabet.
"No country should be stigmatized for detecting and reporting variants."
1
Sourch https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/05/11/130600623/diumumkan-awal-maret-ahli--virus-corona-
masuk-indonesia-dari-januari https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/09/02/073000465/perjalanan-kasus-virus-
corona-di-indonesia-?page=all https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/03/06314981/fakta-lengkap-kasus-pertama-
virus-corona-di-indonesia?page=all
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Van Kerkhove said via his Twitter account, May 31, 2021.
Here's a new naming for 10 new variants of the coronavirus:
1. British coronavirus variant B.1.1.7 called Alpha Varian
B.1.1.7 is a variant of the coronavirus that first appeared in the UK in December 2020. Early
studies of the new variant of the coronavirus show the potential for increased transmission
and hospitalization.
A number of symptoms of this new variant of the Alpha coronavirus are:
 Fever
 Cough
 Difficulty breathing
 Decreased function of the sense of taste and smell
 Complaints in the digestive tract
2. South African coronavirus variant B.1.351 called Beta
Coronavirus variant B.1.351 was first discovered in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
in October 2020. Quoted from Kompas.com (3/5/2021) the coronavirus variant B.1351 can
affect the neutralization of some antibodies, but it has not been detected whether the type is
able to increase the risk of disease severity.
3. P.1 is a variant of the coronavirus found in Brazil.
This variant of the Gama coronavirus is also the same as variant B.1.352 found to escape
neutralization when inc incusted with antibodies produced in response to the first wave of
pandemics.
4. Indian variant B.1.617.2 is called Delta
Coronavirus variant B.1.617 is a new variant of the double mutations E484Q and L452R.
The E484Q is similar to the E484K, which is a mutation seen in the South African variant
B.13.53 and in the Brazilian variant, P1. The L452R was also detected in the California virus
variant, B.1,429.
This variant of the Delta coronavirus is considered more contagious and can spread faster.
Delta coronavirus variant has also spread to a number of regions in Indonesia a.
5. The U.S. variant B.1.427/B.1.429 is called Epsilon.
This new coronavirus variant is a variant of Callifornia. Epsilon coronavirus variant is
estimated to account for 52 percent of Covid cases in California, 41 percent in Nevada, and
25 percent in Arizona. The CDC has also classified this variant of the Epsilon coronavirus as
a variant of concern which means there is evidence that this variant leads to increased
transmission and more severe disease.
6. Brazilian coronavirus variant P.2 is called Zeta
The P2 variant is another coronavirus variant besides the P1 variant that was detected earlier
in Brazil. This variant of the Zeta coronavirus has also been detected first in the UK and
reportedly spread in Rio de Janeiro.

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 This zeta coronavirus variant although it contains E484K but is considered not enough to
establish it as a variant of concern. Reporting from Belfasttelegraph The Zeta coronavirus
variant does not contain other important mutations as the P1 variant carries.
7. Variant B.1.525 is called Eta
The variaan B.1525 coronavirus is a variant recently identified in the UK. Scientists are
keeping an eye on this variant of the Eta coronavirus because it has several mutations in the
surge protein gene. The mutation includes the presence of E484 K. However, so far there is
no evidence that the Eta coronavirus is more contagious or leads to disease.
Which isworse.
8. The Philippine variant P.3 is called Theta.
This variant of the coronavirus from the Philippines was detected in the Philippines on
March 13, 2021 and found in local samples of the Philippines. Quoting from Rappler,
although there is not enough evidence that the Theta coronavirus variant has an impact on
public health, there is still a possibility that the virus is more contagious than the original
version of SARS-CoV-2.
9. The U.S. variant B.1.526 is called Iota.
The B.1526 coronavirus began to be found in samples collected in New York in November
2021. It is not yet known whether the Iota coronavirus variant is more contagious than the
original virus.
The Iota coronavirus has also not been widespread, but it appears to be spreading quite
efficiently through the New York metropolitan area and beyond.
10. The Indian variant B.1.617.1 is called Kappa
Kappa coronavirus variant is a new variant consisting of double mutations. In India, which
reported more than 2.7 million cases of infection, sub-lineages B1617.1 and B1617.2 were
found in 21 percent and 7 percent of all samples, respectively. B1617.1 and B1617.2 were
shown to be resistant to Bamlanivimab antibodies used for the treatment of COVID-19.2

E. Types of Vaccines in the World and Indonesia

1. Types of vaccines in the world
A. Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm (China/ United Arab Emirates) This
Sinopharm vaccine is inactivated. A short inactivated vaccine is a vaccine that uses a
weak or inactivated version of the virus to provoke an immune response. The vaccine has
completed phase three clinical trials in the United Arab Emirates and Turkey. On
December 9, 2020, the Sinopharm vaccine has reached 86 percent effective against
Covid-19.
B. In collaboration with the Indian Medical Research Council and the National Institute of
Virology, Indian company Bharat Biotech designed a vaccine called Covaxin based on
inactivated viruses. On October 23, the company announced that it was starting a third
phase of clinical trials. Bharat hopes the results of clinical trials can be published in early
2021. The company anticipates the distribution of vaccines in June 2021.

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Sourch https://kesehatan.kontan.co.id/news/inilah-10-varian-baru-virus-corona-hasil-mutasi-kenali-gejala-dan-cara-
mencegahnya?page=all
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C. Sinovac (China) This inactivated vaccine was clinically tested in Indonesia in August
2020. The third phase of clinical trials has been conducted in various countries including
Turkey, Brazil, the Philippines, to Pakistan.In October, Sinovac obtained EUA
permission from the Chinese government. Since then the vaccine has been given to health
workers and public servants in China.

D. Canada-based medicago grows vaccines in a plant called Nicotiana benthamiana, a wild

species associated with tobacco. They send viral genes into the leaves, and plant cells
then make protein shells that mimic viruses. Therefore, this vaccine is a virus-like particle
vaccine

Non-replicating viral vectors are viruses that have been genetically engineered so that
they cannot replicate and cause disease

E. Gamaleya Research Institute (Rusia)

The vaccine, called Sputnik, is a non-replicating viral vector. The vaccine is a
combination of two adenoviruses, Ad5 and Ad26, both engineered with the coronavirus
gene The third clinical trial involved 40,000 people in Russia, Belarus, the United Arab
Emirates, Venezuela and India.
F. President Vladimir White has also ordered large-scale Covid-19 vaccinations in Russia
from Dec. 10. Russia has so far produced nearly two million doses of the Sputnik V
vaccine. russia claims their Sputnik V vaccine has reached a 95 percent efficacy level
against Covid-19.
G. AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford (UK-Sweden) Vaccine type non-replicating
viral vector based on chimpanzee adenovirus. The third phase of the test was conducted
in the United States, India, England, Brazil, South Africa and Brazil.
Clinical trials in the U.S. were halted because volunteers had unexplained illnesses. One
of the volunteers died in Brazil.
H. Johnson & Johnson (United States) Vaccine type non-replicating viral vector. Phase 3
clinical trial to 60 thousand participants. Unlike other vaccines in phase three trials, they
require only one dose. The company committed 100 million doses to be distributed in the
U.S., 200 million in the European Union. Production target of one billion doses by 2021.
Clinical trials were delayed after volunteers fell ill.
I. Pfizer, BioNTech/Fosun Pharma (Germany, USA, &China) This RNA-based vaccine is
capable of triggering immunity in clinical trials 1 and 2. The third phase of clinical trials
was conducted on 30,000 volunteers in the U.S., Argentina, Brazil, and Germany.This
vaccine contains genetic instructions for making viral proteins such as the SARS-CoV-2
spike protein so that the body can build immunity.
J. Anhui Zhifei Longcom/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China).
Chinese company Anhui Zhifei Longcom and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
partnered to make the vaccine. The developed vaccine candidate consists of adjuvant,
along with the part of the spike protein that transmits the virus. The company launched a
second phase trial in July, followed by a third phase trial with 29,000 volunteers in
December.
K. Moderna /NIAID (UK & US) This vaccine is RNA-based and claimed 94.1 percent can
prevent transmission of Covid-19. Even Moderna claims its vaccine can 100 percent
prevent severe symptoms of Covid-19 cases.The third clinical trial of the vaccine was

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 conducted on 30 thousand volunteers. Moderna will apply for eua by the end of 2020. As
many as 100 million vaccines will be distributed in the U.S. In addition to the U.S., the
vaccine will also be distributed to Canada, Japan, and Qatar.
L. Novavax (AS) This vaccine made by Novavax is a protein subunit type.  A subunit
protein vaccine is a vaccine that targets part of a virus. Protein making is done by
breaking the entire virus into pieces using solvents such as ether. Most recently, vaccine
manufacturing could use recombinant genetics, in which genes for proteins are inserted
into other organisms to grow large amounts of protein. A third phase clinical trial of the
vaccine was conducted in the UK on 15,000 volunteers. A total of 100 million doses will
be distributed to the U.S. in Q1 2021. The vaccine can be produced 2 billion doses per
year at the Serum Institute of India.
2. Types of factions in Indonesia
A. Sinovac
Sinovac is a vaccine produced by Chinese biopharmaceutical company Sinovac BioTech.
CoronaVac-branded vaccine is a type of whole virus vaccine that utilizes the sars-cov-2
virus is off.
B. AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is a vaccine produced by a British
biopharmaceutical company with the University of Oxford.
C. Moderna.
Moderna vaccine is a vaccine produced by the U.S. biotechnology company Moderna.
The Moderna vaccine is a type of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine that uses genetic
material to provide a stimulus to our body's cells to form antibodies
D. Pfizer
Pfizer-BioNTech is the world's first vaccine to be given to the general public. The
vaccine is the result of a collaboration between a German biotechnology company,
BioNTech, and an American pharmaceutical company,Pfizer.
E. Sinopharm
The Sinopharm vaccine is a Chinese-made coronavirus vaccine and has been tested in
several other countries. This vaccine uses the same platform as the Sinovac vaccine,
which is an inactivated virus or type of inactivatedvaccine.
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F. How to Treat and Prevent Covid-19

1. Using a Mask
The most effective way to prevent COVID-19 is to use a mask. This tool should be used
especially when in public places or interacting with others. Closure in the mouth and nose is
powerful to reduce the risk of spreading the corona virus by blocking saliva droplets, so as not

3
Sourch https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20201210163924-199-580650/perjalanan-12-vaksin-covid-19-dunia/1
https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/5-jenis-vaksin-covid-19-yang-digunakan-di-indonesia-1?page=2
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 to enter the body. Sebaran dari udara juga dapat terjadi, sehingga perlu digunakan saat kamu
berada di dalam ruangan, terutama yang ber-AC.

2. Washing hands regularly

You can also prevent the risk of getting COVID-19 by washing your hands regularly. Try to
wash your hands more often with soap and water for 20 seconds after doing some activities,
such as touching an object, holding the front of the mask, to touching animals. You also need
to wash your hands before eating and also touch your face. If water and soap are not possible,
use a hand sanitizer with a content of at least 60 percent alcohol.
4. Keep your distance
Another 5M that must be done for the prevention of COVID-19, namely maintaining distance.
When outside the house, be sure to stay away about 1-2 meters. Be sure to always remember
if some people have no symptoms, even though they have been stricken with the coronavirus.
In addition, avoid closed rooms and more activities in open spaces that provide fresh air.
5. Stay away from the crowd
When in a crowd or crowd, the risk of contracting COVID-19 becomes higher. If you want to
interact with several people, make sure to be outdoors, wear a mask, and no more than 5
people. The intensity and number of people greatly affects the level of risk that can occur.
6. Reduce Mobility
Everyone should really instill understanding if the need is not too urgent, it's good to stay at
home. Although feeling healthy, not necessarily when at home remain in the same state or
spread the virus to families at home. Increase attention even more if there are parents

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Covid 19 is disease caused by the corona virus attack the respiratory track. The most
common symptoms of civid 19 are fever, and dry cough. Some people may experience aches
and pains, stuffy nose, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea

B. Suggestion
I, asa journalist, realized that this paper was a lot of mistakes and was far from
perfection. Of course, the author will continue to improve the paper by referring to sources that
can be accounted forlater. Therefore, the author strongly expects criticism and suggestions about
the discussion of the abovepaper.

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Sourch https://www.alodokter.com/virus-corona
Sourch https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/05/11/130600623/diumumkan-awal-maret-
ahli--virus-corona-masuk-indonesia-dari-januari
https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/09/02/073000465/perjalanan-kasus-virus-corona-di-
indonesia-?page=all https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/03/06314981/fakta-lengkap-kasus-
pertama-virus-corona-di-indonesia?page=all
Sourch https://kesehatan.kontan.co.id/news/inilah-10-varian-baru-virus-corona-hasil-mutasi-
kenali-gejala-dan-cara-mencegahnya?page=all
Sourch https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20201210163924-199-580650/perjalanan-12-
vaksin-covid-19-dunia/1https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/5-jenis-vaksin-covid-19-yang-
digunakan-di-indonesia-1?page=2
Sourch https://www.halodoc.com/artikel/inilah-cara-pencegahan-covid-19

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