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    C - Strings

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    Marcelo Luna
    This document discusses strings in C programming. It explains that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It provides an example of declaring and initializing a string using both an array of characters and a string literal. It also demonstrates printing a string using printf. Finally, it lists common string manipulation functions in C like strcpy(), strcat(), and strlen(), and provides an example of using some of these functions.

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    C - Strings

    Uploaded by

    Marcelo Luna
    5 views3 pages
    This document discusses strings in C programming. It explains that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It provides an example of declaring and initializing a string using both an array of characters and a string literal. It also demonstrates printing a string using printf. Finally, it lists common string manipulation functions in C like strcpy(), strcat(), and strlen(), and provides an example of using some of these functions.

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    This document discusses strings in C programming. It explains that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It provides an example of declaring and initializing a string using both an array of characters and a string literal. It also demonstrates printing a string using printf. Finally, it lists common string manipulation functions in C like strcpy(), strcat(), and strlen(), and provides an example of using some of these functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views3 pages

    C - Strings

    Uploaded by

    Marcelo Luna
    This document discusses strings in C programming. It explains that strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It provides an example of declaring and initializing a string using both an array of characters and a string literal. It also demonstrates printing a string using printf. Finally, it lists common string manipulation functions in C like strcpy(), strcat(), and strlen(), and provides an example of using some of these functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    C - Strings https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_strings.

    htm

    C - Strings

    Strings are actually one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null character '\0'.
    Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the string followed by a
    null.

    The following declaration and initialization create a string consisting of the word "Hello". To
    hold the null character at the end of the array, the size of the character array containing the
    string is one more than the number of characters in the word "Hello."

    char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

    If you follow the rule of array initialization then you can write the above statement as follows −

    char greeting[] = "Hello";

    Following is the memory presentation of the above defined string in C/C++ −

    Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The C compiler
    automatically places the '\0' at the end of the string when it initializes the array. Let us try to
    print the above mentioned string −

    Live Demo
    #include <stdio.h>

    int main () {

    char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};


    printf("Greeting message: %s\n", greeting );
    return 0;
    }

    When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

    1 of 3 4/10/22, 17:22
    C - Strings https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_strings.htm

    Greeting message: Hello

    C supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated strings −

    Sr.No. Function & Purpose

    1 strcpy(s1, s2);

    Copies string s2 into string s1.

    2 strcat(s1, s2);

    Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.

    3 strlen(s1);

    Returns the length of string s1.

    4 strcmp(s1, s2);

    Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2.

    5 strchr(s1, ch);

    Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.

    6 strstr(s1, s2);

    Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.

    The following example uses some of the above-mentioned functions −

    Live Demo
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>

    int main () {

    char str1[12] = "Hello";


    char str2[12] = "World";
    char str3[12];
    int len ;

    /* copy str1 into str3 */


    strcpy(str3, str1);

    2 of 3 4/10/22, 17:22
    C - Strings https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_strings.htm

    printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n", str3 );

    /* concatenates str1 and str2 */


    strcat( str1, str2);
    printf("strcat( str1, str2): %s\n", str1 );

    /* total lenghth of str1 after concatenation */


    len = strlen(str1);
    printf("strlen(str1) : %d\n", len );

    return 0;
    }

    When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

    strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello


    strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld
    strlen(str1) : 10

    3 of 3 4/10/22, 17:22

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