PRACTICAL-1

 Introduction to HTML with:

1. History
2. Versions
3. Features
4. Steps

INTRODUCTION TO HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to
design web pages using a markup language. HTML is the
combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext
defines the link between the web pages. A markup language
is used to define the text document within tag which defines
the structure of web pages. This language is used to annotate
(make notes for the computer) text so that a machine can
understand it and manipulate text accordingly. Most markup
languages (e.g., HTML) are human-readable. The language
uses tags to define what manipulation must be done on the
text. 
HTML is a markup language used by the browser to
manipulate text, images, and other content, in order to
display it in the required format. HTML was created by Tim
Berners-Lee in 1991. The first-ever version of HTML was
HTML 1.0, but the first standard version was HTML 2.0,
published in 1999.
 HISTORY OF HTML
The first version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in
1993. Since then, there have been many different versions of
HTML. The most widely used version throughout the 2000's
was HTML 4.01, which became an official standard in
December 1999.
Another version, XHTML, was a rewrite of HTML as an XML
language. XML is a standard markup language that is used to
create other markup languages. Hundreds of XML languages
are in use today, including GML (Geography Markup
Language), MathML, MusicML, and RSS (Really Simple
Syndication). Since each of these languages was written in a
common language (XML), their content can easily be shared
across applications. This makes XML potentially very
powerful, and it is no surprise that the W3C would create an
XML version of HTML (again, called XHTML). XHTML became
an official standard in 2000, and was updated in 2002. XHTML
is very similar to HTML, but has stricter rules. Strict rules are
necessary for all XML languages, because without it,
interoperability between applications would be impossible.
Most pages on the Web today were built using either HTML
4.01 or XHTML 1.0. However, in recent years, the W3C (in
collaboration with another organization, the WHATWG), has
been working on a brand-new version of HTML, HTML5.
Currently (2011), HTML5 is still a draft specification, and is
not yet an official standard. However, it is already widely
supported by browsers and other web-enabled devices, and
is the way of the future.

VERSIONS OF HTML
Let’s see the significance of the individual Versions of Html in
details-
1. HTML 1.0
 The basic version of HTML has support for basic
elements like text controls and images. This was the
very basic version of HTML with less support for a wide
range of HTML elements. It does not have rich features
like styling and other things that were related to how
content will be rendered in a browser.
 The initial version of HTML does not provide support for
tables, font support, etc., as it provides us in the latest
version.
 We would also like to discuss that W3C did not exist
before HTML 2.0; hence it does not show details about
HTML 1.
2. HTML 2.0
 HTML version 2.0 was developed in 1995 with basic
intention of improving HTML version 1.0
 Now a standard got started to develop to maintain
common rules and regulations across different
browsers. HTML 2.0 has improved a lot in terms of the
 markup tags. In HTML 2.0 version concept of form came
into force. Forms were developed, but still, they had
basic tags like text boxes, buttons, etc.
 Also, the table came as an HTML tag. Now, in HTML tag
2.0, browsers also came with the concept of creating
their own layers of tags that were specific to the
browser itself. W3C was also formed. The main intention
of W3C is to maintain standard across different web
browsers so that these browsers understand and render
HTML tags in a similar manner.
3. HTML 3.2
 It was developed in 1997. After HTML 2.0 was
developed, the next version of HTML was 3.2
 With version 3.2 of HTML, HTML tags were further
improved. It is worth noting that because of W3C
standard maintenance, the newer version of HTML was
3.2 instead of 3.
 Now, HTML 3.2 has better support for new form
elements. Another important feature what HTML 3.2
implemented was support for CSS. CSS stands
for Cascading Style Sheet. It is CSS that provides features
to make HTML tags look better on rendering it on
browsers. CSS helps to style HTML elements.
 With the upgradation of browsers to HTML 3.2, the
browser also supported for frame tags, although HTML
specifications still do not support frame markup tags.
4. HTML 4.01
  It was developed in 1999. It extended the support of
cascading styling sheets. In version 3.2, CSS were
embedded in HTML page itself. Therefore, if the website
has various web pages to apply to the style of each
page, we must place CSS on each web page. Hence there
was a repetition of the same block of CSS.
 To overcome this thing, in version 4.01 concept of an
external styling sheet emerged. Under this concept, an
external CSS file could be developed, and this external
styling file could be included in HTML itself. HTML 4.01
provided support for further new tags of HTML.
5. HTML5
 This is the latest version of HTML. For a developer, it could
be used in 2014. It came up with lots of HTML tags
support. HTML5 provided support for new form elements
like input element s of different types;
geolocations support tags, etc.

Let us look at a few of the tags which were added to HTML5

 Email – New HTML5 tag, which was added, is the input
element of type email. This is a form tag, although it
could be used outside of a form tag also. This tag checks
the validation of the input value. It checks whether the
value inserted is a valid email.
 Password – This is another form tag that was added to
receive a password from the user. Being the password
 type field, the user types in the field are not visible
directly to the user but are represented by special
symbols. These symbols save the password from getting
revealed on the browser.
 Audio tag – This is a new audio tag that was
implemented in HTML5. This tag helps to add audio to
our web page. We can use this tag to embed an audio
clip into a web page. This audio tag could be played on a
webpage.
 Semantic tags – Semantic tags are also known as
structural tags. Structural tags are the tags that provide
structure to the HTML page. It helps it divide the HTML
page into different structures. These structures get
combined into an HTML page itself to form an HTML
web page. Few of the important HTML semantic tags are
fig caption, <header>, <footer>
 Section tag – This tag is used to semantic a section in an
HTML page. A section tag represents a section on a web
page.
6. W3C HTML Validator
An HTML validator is a web-based tool that is used to
maintain or check whether a piece of HTML tag or HTML is
valid. An HTML validator follows the standard of W3C to
validate an HTML page. It follows the W3C standard.

There are lots of version of HTML which is being developed.

From an initial version of 1.0 to the latest version of 5.2,
HTML has developed a lot. W3C has also maintained
standards so that all browsers could have a common
standard to follow. HTML5 has developed a lot with new tags
and the support of form elements.

STEPS IN HTML

 How to Open HTML file in Notepad Text Editor

To open an HTML file or .html File in Notepad Text
Editor, you must follow these steps.

1. Select File Menu,
2. Select Open option From There,
3. File Explorer will Pop-Up on your Screen,
(Locate your HTML file in your File Explorer)
4. Select and Open your HTML from there.

 How to save HTML file

1. Choose File > Save As and choose HTML from the drop-
down list.
2. Give the filename an extension of .html, specify the file
location, and click Save. The converted file is saved
where you specified.
3. Open the HTML file in a Web browser to examine the
converted file. If it meets with your approval, you are
done.