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    Ex.2-System Calls

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    ASD
    The document discusses several Linux system calls including fork(), wait(), exec(), stat(), readdir(), open(), and creat(). It provides code examples and output for each system call. The fork() call creates a new process, wait() pauses a process until a child process terminates, exec() replaces the current process with a new executable, stat() retrieves file attributes, readdir() reads directory entries, open() opens or creates a file, and creat() creates a new file.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ex.2-System Calls

    Uploaded by

    ASD
    18 views7 pages
    The document discusses several Linux system calls including fork(), wait(), exec(), stat(), readdir(), open(), and creat(). It provides code examples and output for each system call. The fork() call creates a new process, wait() pauses a process until a child process terminates, exec() replaces the current process with a new executable, stat() retrieves file attributes, readdir() reads directory entries, open() opens or creates a file, and creat() creates a new file.

    Original Title

    EX.2-SYSTEM CALLS

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    The document discusses several Linux system calls including fork(), wait(), exec(), stat(), readdir(), open(), and creat(). It provides code examples and output for each system call. The fork() call creates a new process, wait() pauses a process until a child process terminates, exec() replaces the current process with a new executable, stat() retrieves file attributes, readdir() reads directory entries, open() opens or creates a file, and creat() creates a new file.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views7 pages

    Ex.2-System Calls

    Uploaded by

    ASD
    The document discusses several Linux system calls including fork(), wait(), exec(), stat(), readdir(), open(), and creat(). It provides code examples and output for each system call. The fork() call creates a new process, wait() pauses a process until a child process terminates, exec() replaces the current process with a new executable, stat() retrieves file attributes, readdir() reads directory entries, open() opens or creates a file, and creat() creates a new file.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Fork System Call

    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<unistd.h>
    main()
    {
    int pid,pid1,pid2;
    pid=fork();
    if(pid==-1)
    {
    printf(“ERROR IN PROCESS CREATION”);
    exit(1);
    }
    if(pid!=0)
    {
    pid1=getpid();
    printf(“THE PARENT PROCESS ID IS: %d”, pid1);
    }
    else
    {
    pid2=getpid();
    printf(“THE CHILD PROCESS ID IS: %d”, pid2);
    }
    }

    OUTPUT:

    [kalai@localhost ~]$ cc sys2.c


    [kalai@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

    THE PARENT PROCESS ID IS: 8062

    THE CHILD PROCESS ID IS: 8063


    wait system call
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include<unistd.h>
    #include<sys/types.h>
    #include<sys/wait.h>
    int main()
    {
    int i, status;
    pid_t pid;
    pid = fork();
    if (pid < 0)
    {
    printf("\nProcess creation failure\n");
    exit(-1);
    }
    else if(pid > 0)
    {
    wait(NULL);
    printf ("\nParent starts\nEven Nos: ");
    for (i=2;i<=10;i+=2)
    printf ("%3d",i);
    printf ("\nParent ends\n");
    }
    else if (pid == 0) {
    printf ("Child starts\nOdd Nos: ");
    for (i=1;i<10;i+=2)
    printf ("%3d",i);
    printf ("\nChild ends\n");
    }
    }

    Output
    $ gcc wait.c
    $ ./a.out
    Child starts
    Odd Nos: 1 3 5 7 9
    Child ends
    Parent starts
    Even Nos: 2 4 6 8 10
    Parent ends
    exec system call
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<unistd.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<sys/types.h>
    int main()
    {
    pid_t pid;
    switch(pid = fork())
    {
    case -1:
    perror("Fork failed");
    exit(-1);
    case 0:
    printf("Child process\n");
    execl("/bin/date", "date", 0);
    exit(0);
    default: wait(NULL);
    printf("Child Terminated\n");
    exit(0);
    }
    }

    Output

    $ gcc exec.c
    $ ./a.out
    Child process Sat Feb 23 17:46:59 IST 2013
    Child Terminated
    stat system call
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<stat.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<time.h>
    int main(int argc, char*argv[])
    struct stat file;
    int n;
    if (argc != 2)
    {
    printf("Usage: ./a.out \n");
    exit(-1);
    }
    if ((n = stat(argv[1], &file)) == -1)
    {
    perror(argv[1]);
    exit(-1);
    }
    printf("User id : %d\n", file.st_uid);
    printf("Group id : %d\n", file.st_gid);
    printf("Block size : %d\n", file.st_blksize);
    printf("Blocks allocated : %d\n", file.st_blocks);
    printf("Inode no. : %d\n", file.st_ino);
    printf("Last accessed : %s", ctime(&(file.st_atime)));
    printf("Last modified : %s", ctime(&(file.st_mtime)));
    printf("File size : %d bytes\n", file.st_size);
    printf("No. of links : %d\n", file.st_nlink);
    printf("Permissions : ");
    printf( (S_ISDIR(file.st_mode)) ? "d" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IRUSR) ? "r" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IWUSR) ? "w" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ? "x" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IRGRP) ? "r" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IWGRP) ? "w" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ? "x" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IROTH) ? "r" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IWOTH) ? "w" : "-");
    printf( (file.st_mode & S_IXOTH) ? "x" : "-");
    printf("\n"); if(file.st_mode & S_IFREG);
    printf("File type : Regular\n");
    if(file.st_mode & S_IFDIR)
    printf("File type : Directory\n");
    }
    Output:
    $ gcc stat.c
    $ ./a.out fork.c
    User id : 0
    Group id : 0
    Block size : 4096
    Blocks allocated : 8
    Inode no. : 16627
    Last accessed : Fri Feb 22 21:57:09 2013
    Last modified : Fri Feb 22 21:56:13 2013
    File size : 591 bytes
    No. of links : 1
    Permissions : -rw-r--r—
    File type : Regular
    readdir system call
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <dirent.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>

    main(int argc, char *argv[])


    {
    struct dirent *dptr;
    DIR *dname;

    if (argc != 2)
    {
    printf("Usage: ./a.out <dirname>\n"); exit(-1);
    }

    if((dname = opendir(argv[1])) == NULL)


    {
    perror(argv[1]);
    exit(-1);
    }

    while(dptr=readdir(dname))
    printf("%s", dptr->d_name);

    closedir(dname);
    }

    Output

    $ gcc dirlist.c

    $ ./a.out Sam
    wait.c
    a.out
    ..
    stat.c
    dirlist.c
    fork.c
    .
    exec.c
    open system call
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>

    main(int argc, char *argv[])


    {
    int fd, n, len;
    char buf[100];
    if (argc != 2)
    {
    printf("Usage: ./a.out <filename>\n"); exit(-1);
    }

    fd = open(argv[1], O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644);


    if(fd < 0)
    {
    printf("File creation problem\n"); exit(-1);
    }

    printf("Press Ctrl+D at end in a new line:\n");


    while((n = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
    {
    len = strlen(buf);
    write(fd, buf, len);
    }
    close(fd);
    }

    Output

    $ gcc fcreate.c

    $ ./a.out hello File I/O


    Open system call is used to either open or create a file. creat system call is used to
    create a file. It is seldom used.

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