PSYCHIATRIC NURSING NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Dopamine: mood regulation, mental drive, vital

Mental Health- refers to the ability of people signs
(individual, families and communities) to respond Epinephrine: Fight or Flight response
adaptively to internal and external stressors. Norepinephrine: Attention, wakefulness
Serotonin: Intestinal Activity, sleep, temperature,
INTERNAL STRESSORS regulation, pain; happy hormone
- Comes from inside of us and determine our GABA: triggers neurons to be hypoactive
body’s ability to respond Acetylcholine: muscle contraction

EXTERNAL STRESSORS PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

- Comes from outside us - Or mental health nursing is a nurse that
specializes in mental health, and cares for
people of all ages experiencing present or
Internal Stressors External Stressors
potential mental illnesses to promote mental
- Nutritional - Physical health, to prevent mental ilness/suffering &
Status Environment to participate in the treatment and
- Attitudes; - Job; Poor working rehabilitation
Thoughts conditions
- Anger, Fear, - Noise
SELF AWARENESS
Worry - Pollution
- Anticipation - Trauma
(expectation) - Injury LEVEL OF PREVENTIONS
- Imagination; - Foreign organisms
Memory (bacteria, viruses, Primary
- Overall fungi) - Healthy
health and - Toxins
- Mental Health Promotion
fitness levels - Relationship with
- Illness and others - Mental Illness Prevention
Infection - Home - Health teachings
- Emotions - All the situations,
- Amount of challenges, Secondary
Sleep and difficulties and - Early Diagnosis
Rest expectations we’re - Tests
confronted with on
- Prompt Treatment (ECT, Therapies)
a daily basis

Tertiary
BMI formula: kg/height m2 - OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning)
Normal BMI: 18.5-24.9 - Rehabilitation (when a patient had a defect
or disability is permanent and irreversible. It
MENTAL ILLNESS- is a mental disorder or involves minimizing the effects of long term
condition manifested by disorganization and disease or disability by interventions direct
impairment of function that arises from various at preventing complications and
cases such as deteriorations)
- Psychological- trauma/experiences - Prevent relapse, promote rehabilitation, and
- Neurobiological- neurotransmitters/biologic reduce the nature of the disorder
response
- Genetic factors- hereditary

BIOLOGIC RESPONSE/NEUROTRANSMITTERS:

Excitatory/Catecholamine/Monoamine Defined Burden- self

+ Sympathetic effect Hidden Burden- Community
+ Dopamine
+ Epinephrine GENERAL THEORIES
+ Norepinephrine
+ Serotonin Interpersonal Relations Theory- Hildegard
Peplau
Inhibitory
- Parasympathetic effect 6 roles of nurses
- Acetylcholine 1. Stranger Role: meeting for the first time
- GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) - Non judgemental, meets basic need
and develop trust
2. Resource Role: Question (patient) Answer
(nurse)
 - Provides a specific needed
information
3. Teaching Role
- Health teaching
4. Leadership Role
- Role Model (nurse)
- Helps client assume maximum
responsibility for meeting treatment
goals in a mutually satisfying way
5. Surrogate Role
- As an advocate or a substitute for
another human being
6. Counselors
- Provides guidance and HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
encouragement to make changes Abraham Maslow

FOUR PHASES OF RELATIONSHIP (O-I-E-RE)

1. Orientation Phase
- Starts when client meets nurse as
stranger
- Defining problem and deciding type
of service needed
- Client seeks assistance, coveys
needs, ask questions, shares
preconceptions and expectations of
past experiences
2. Identification
- Feeling of helplessness and
hopelessness Physiological Needs
- The identification phase begins - Physical requirements for human survival
when the client works - *Breathing/Air/Oxygen
interdependently with the nurse, - Water
expresses feelings and begins to - Food
feel stronger - Macronutrient: carbs, protein, fat
- Selection of appropriate professional - Micronutrients: vit and minerals
assistance - Sleep and Rest
- Patient begins to have a feeling of - Homeostasis- balance
belonging and a capability of dealing - Excretion
with the problem which decreases - Sex
the feeling of helplessness and
hopelessness Safety & Security
3. Exploitation phase - Needs are about keeping us safe from harm
- The client makes full use of the - Safety
services offered - Shelter/house
- Problem solving - Security
- Individual feels as an integral part of - *Law & order
the helping environment - Employmeny
- Independent, dependent, - Health
collaborative - Stability
4. Resolution phase
- In resolution phase, the client no Love & Belongingness
longer needs professional services - Social needs, interpersonal and involves
and gives up dependent behavior feelings of belongingness
- Termination of professional - Belongingness
relationship - Love
- Patient drifts away and breaks bond - Affection
with nurse and healthier emotional - Intimacy
balance is demonstrated and both - Family
becomes mature individuals - Friends
- Relationships
- Clothing
- Home
Self Esteem SANGUINE
- Needs are ego needs or status needs - It is described primarily as being
- Self confidence enthusiastic, active and social
- Achievement - Extroverted and enjoy being part of a crowd
- Recognition - Social, outgoing and charismatic is easy to
- Respect accomplish
- Individuals with this personality have a hard
Self Actualization time doing nothing and engage in more risk
- Is the highest level of maslow’s hierarchy. seeking behavior
This level of need pertains to what a
person’s full potential is and realizing that CHOLERIC
potential - Also tend to be more extroverted
- What a man can be, he must be - Independent, decisive, and goal oriented
- Contentment/Satisfied - They enjoy being in charge of a group since
they have many leadership qualities as well
JOHARI WINDOW as ambition
Joseph Luft & Harry Ingram - Choleric personalities also have a logical
and fact-based outlook on the world
A tool for self understanding, awareness and
personal growth MELANCHOLIC
- These individuals tend to be analytical;
detail oriented and they are deep thinkers
and feelers
- They are introverted and try to avoid being
singled out in a crowd
- They often strive for perfection within
themselves and their surroundings

PHLEGMATIC
- Tends to be more relaxed, peaceful, quiet
and easy going
- They are sympathetic and care about
others, yet try to hide their emotions
- They are also good at generalizing ideas or
problems to the world and making
compromises

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
Sigmund Freud
- Father of modern psychology
- All behaviors can be explained
- Personality develops from 0-6 years old

LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

THEORETICAL MODELS OF PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT

FOUR TEMPERAMENT THEORY

Hippocrates
- Is a proto psychological theory that suggest
that there are 4 fundamental personality
types: sanguine, choleric,, melancholic and
phlegmatic
CONSCIOUS MIND- now!
SUBCONSCIOUS MIND- easily recall
UNCONSCIOUS MIND- cannot recall
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
Erik Erikson

DENIAL- refusing/protecting self from reality

DISPLACEMENT- substitute impulses to a non
dangerous/ non threat being or thing
REPRESSION- unconscious forgetting
SUPRESSION-

PROJECTION- blaming others but it is your

character
INTROJECTION- fitting in (unconsciously)
IDENTIFICATION- imitating (conscious)
SUBLIMATION- activities (war freak-boxing)
REACTION FORMATION- person acts in the exact
opposite manner
UNDOING- doing something to make up for a
wrong doing
COMPENSATION- attempting to make up some
deficiency (pangit pero sexy)
REGRESSION- nagiging bata (thumb sucking)
FIXATION- immobilization of development or
personality
SUBSTITUTION- replacing desired gratification
with one that is readily available

PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Sigmund Freud