PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE ENGINEERING II
SHORT SEMESTER 2021 - 2022

FEED BACK OF HOME ASSIGNMENT # 3

PROBLEM 1:

A beam cross section with dimension B x D=0.40 m x 0.80 m(concrete cover is 0.10 of the
overall dimensions), is made of concrete with the quality f 'c =400 mPa and the quality
f y =400 mPa for longitudinal reinforcement and f y =240 mPa for stirrup. The section is
subjected to a nominal moment M n=1,000 kN −m and ultimate shear V n=500 kN . The
cross section has two notches on top side of the section as in Figure 1 with dimensions
0.03 m x 0.10 m for supporting concrete thin plate on which the floor slab will be poured later.
By using ultimate strength design method, determine reinforcement of the section. First,
determine whether single reinforcement is adequate, or whether double reinforcement is
necessary.

Figura 1: Cross Section With Nothes

 PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE ENGINEERING II
SHORT SEMESTER 2021 - 2022

SOLUTION:

This case is similar with the case of T section beam, except that instead of emanating out, the flange
intrudes the web.

'
For f c =40 mPa ,

β=0.85−0.008 x ( 40−30 ) =0.770 (1)

For ultimate strength condition, he strains are

fy
ε c =ε cu =0.003 ; ε s=ε y = =0.002 (2)
Es

The balanced compression depth is

ε cu 0.003
c b= h= ( 0.72 )=0.432 m, β c b=0.333 m (3)
ε cu +ε y 0.003+ 0.002

The compression zone has variable width. The compression depth β c b is divided into two parts,
0.4 m x 0.33 m of the web, and −0.03 m x 0.10 m m of the notch. So, the axial concrete force is

F cb=1000.0 x 0.85 x 40 x 0.40 x 0.333−2 x 1000.0 x 0.85 x 40 x 0.03 x 0.10

¿ 4528.8−204.0=4324.8 kN (4)

The balanced strain condition moment is

M b=¿ 4528.8 x ( 0.72−0.50 x 0.333 )−204.0 x ( 0.72−0.50 x 0.10 )=¿

2506.7−136.7=2370.0 kN −m (5)

Since the nominal moment M n is less than the balanced strain moment M b, single (tensile)
reinforcement is adequate. The equation of equilibrium of moment reads
 PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE ENGINEERING II
SHORT SEMESTER 2021 - 2022

'
1000.0 x 0.85 f c βc x B x ( h−0.5 βc )−204 x ( h−0.05 )=M n
or

'
1000.0 x 0.85 f c βc x B x ( h−0.5 βc )=M n +136.68 (6)

that gives

[ √
βc=h 1 − 1−
2 Mn
'
1000 x 0,85 f c bf h
2
]
[ √
¿ 0.72 x 1 − 1−
2 x (1000+136.68)
1000 x 0.85 x 40 x 0.40 x ( 0.72 )
2
]
=0.1274 m

The new concrete axial force becomes

F c =1000.0 x 0.85 x f 'c x βc x b f −204

¿ 1000.0 x 0.85 x 40 x 0.1274 x 0.40−204=1528.64 kN (7)

The reinforcement area is

Fc 1528.64
A s1 = = =0.008605 m 2=38.22 cm2 (8)
1000 f y 1000 x 400

2
If D19 is used, then the area of single bar is a s=2.835 cm , and the number f\of steel bars is

A s 1 38.22
n= = =13.48 ≅ 14 bars → use 14D19 (9)
a s 2.835

The reinforcement of shear is initiated by the computation of average shear stress.

V 500
τ ave = = =1.563 mPa(10)
b d 1000 x 0.4 x 0.8
 PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE ENGINEERING II
SHORT SEMESTER 2021 - 2022

The ultimate shear strength of the plain concrete is

1 '
6√ c
τ c= f =1.054 mPa (11)

The shear stress that must be carried out by stirrup is

τ =1.563−1.054=0.509 mPa (12)

If we use D13 for stirrup, then the area is

2
π ( 1.3 )
a sv = =1.327 cm2 (13)
4

If δ is the spacing of the stirrup, then

2 a sv f v cos ( π /4 )=τ ave . b . δ .❑ (14)

From Equation (14) we obtain

a sv f s √2 1.327 x 10−4 x 240 x √ 2

δ= = =0.2210 m (15)
τ❑ b 0.509 x 0.40

So, we may use D13-200 stirrup.

Note that we choose stirrup with lower yield stress as compared to the yield stress of the
longitudinal steel. This is to prevent brittle failure of the shear failure of the girder. The shear
failure is more dangerous compared to the bending failure, because shear failure tends to
be brittle and occurs rather suddenly without warning, while bending failure may be
managed to be a ductile failure. This aspect is beyond the scope of this course and will be
discussed in the next concrete engineering course.

PROBLEM 2:

The arrangement of the reinforcing bars is as follows. With the horizontal concrete cover c h is
0.10 b w, the available space for reinforcement per layer is b w −2 x c h=24 cm . The minimum space
between adjacent bars is 3 D=3 x 1.9=5.7 cm . The maximum number or bars per layer is then
24.0/5.7 = 4.21 ≅ 4+1=5 bars. So for 12D19, we use three layers of reinforcement. The first layer
 PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE ENGINEERING II
SHORT SEMESTER 2021 - 2022

consists of 5 bars with the space (ctc) 24.0/4 = 6.0 cm, and the second layer consists of 5 bars with
the space 6.0 cm, and the third layer consists of 4 bars with the space 24.0/3=8.0 cm.

Now, since we have two layers of steel bars, not single layer as presumed before, the computation
may be corrected with the new distance from the concrete top fiber to the centroid of the two layers
of steel,

h=0.80−0.08−3 x 0.019=0. 663 m (16)

The new location of neutral axis is
t βc=h ¿

[ √
¿ 0. 663 x 1− 1−
2 x( 1000+ 136.68)
1000 x 0,85 x 40 x 0.40 x ( 0.663 )
2
]
=0.1 411m

that giving
F c =1000.0 x 0.85 x f 'c x βcx b f −204
¿ 1000.0 x 0.85 x 40 x 0.1 411 x 0.40−204=1715.0 kN (17)

The reinforcement area is

Fc 1715.0
A s1 = = =0.00 4287 m 2=42.87 cm2 (18)
1000 f y 1000 x 400

2
If D19 is used, then the area of single bar is a s=2.835 cm , and the number f\of steel bars is

A s 1 42.87
n= = =1 5.12≅ 1 5 bars → use 15D19 (19)
a s 2.835

The correction gives additional reinforcement bars. So for 15D19, we use three layers of
reinforcement. The first layer consists of 5 bars with the space (ctc) 24.0/4 = 6.0 cm, and the second
layer consists of 5 bars with the space 6.0 cm, and the third layer consists of 5 bars with the space
6.0 cm.

Cikarang, mid June 2022

 PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONCRETE ENGINEERING II
SHORT SEMESTER 2021 - 2022

Lecturers.
Prof. Binsar Hariandja
Prof. Ika Bali