University of Toronto Mississauga

MAT223 Term Test 2

Ivan Khatchatourian, Ali Feizmohammadi, Muhammad Ahsan
Thursday 16 March, 2023
Duration: 6:10 pm – 8 pm (110 minutes)
No Aids Permitted

SAMPLE
SOLUTIONS

IVAN KHATCHATOURIAN

This test contains 16 double-sided pages, including this cover page, on eight (8) sheets of paper.
There are six (6) questions, some with multiple parts. The number of points for each question is stated beside
the question. There are 40 points in total.
• Show your work on every problem unless explicitly instructed otherwise. Correct answers without
supporting work will receive little or no credit.
• No aids are permitted on this test.
Examples of illegal aids include but are not limited to: textbooks, personal notes, “cheat sheets”, extra
scrap paper, calculators, phones, or any electronic device other than a (non-smart) watch for keeping track
of time.
• Do not write on the QR code in the top corner of any page.
• Organize your work in a reasonably neat and coherent way in the spaces provided. Work that is
scattered all over the without clear ordering may receive little or no credit.
• If you need more space, use the blank pages at the end of the test and clearly indicate on the question
page when you have done this. Do not tear any pages off of this test.

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 SAMPLE SOLUTIONS by IVAN KHATCHATOURIAN

MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

1. (7 points) This question has three parts. The last part is on the next page.
Consider the following four points in R3 .

P = (1, 1, 1), Q = (2, 2, 1), R = (1, 2, 3), S = (1, 8, 3).

(a) (3 points) Find equation of the plane that contains P , Q, and R.

Express the equation in standard form (which is something like ax + by + cx = d).

08 1 Pr
1 1
and

the PaxPR is a normal vector for our plane

é dit ii
Pax.pk dot
É ZE Zia t
é.tt
é
tesdet 9

L 2 2 1
Using P as a point on the plane its equationis

26 1 24 11 2 1
IF 111 0 0

2x 2y z 1
(b) (1 points) Show that there is no plane that contains all four of the given points.

in particular have to
Any plane containing all four of them would

contain P Q and R
is the unique plane that does that
But the plane we fend in a

and we can check that S isn't on it 211 218 3 17 1

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 SAMPLE SOLUTIONS by IVAN KHATCHATOURIAN

MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

(c) (3 points) Find the shortest distance between the plane you found in part (a) and the point S, and find
the point on the plane that is closest to S.

we proceed in the
I as
usual
way

al we learned in class proja Ps

a
at
ij
t
i

J
n
I
A the point we'relooking for
is a w
mm mn and the plane is

and this AJ projn 11h51 jt47t14tt

AS first 365 6
We compute

E
with coordinate

Ps And A is the
Is
point
Note
I 4
I as
1 I I
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 MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

2. (6 points) Let T : R2 ! R2 be the linear transformation such that

! " # ! " #
2 2 1 2
T = , and T =
2 6 2 3
!
4
(a) (2 points) Compute T .
10

(b) (2 points) Find the standard matrix AT of T .

(c) (2 points) Let R : R2 ! R2 be the linear transformation that reflects vectors across the line y = x.
Draw the parallelogram spanned by (R T )(~e1 ) and (R T )(~e2 ).

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MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

3. (7 points) This question has five parts. The last two parts are on the next page.
Let ~v = [ 1 2 ]T , and let T : R2 ! R2 be the transformation given by projection onto ~v . In other words,
T (~x) = proj~v (~x).

(a) (2 points) Show that T is a linear transformation by showing that it satisfies the two properties that
define linear transformations.

(b) (1 point) Find the standard matrix AT of T .

(c) (1 point) Determine (AT )2023 and give a brief geometric explanation for your answer.

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 MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

(d) (2 points) Give a purely geometric explanation in words and pictures (i.e., without computing anything)
for what the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of AT are.
(Note: You can use AT to check your answers algebraically on the blank paper at the end of the test, but
you shouldn’t do that here. Moreover, you don’t have to do that and you won’t be graded on any such
computations. We will only grade the geometric arguments you explain with words and/or pictures.)

(e) (1 point) Using your answer to the previous part, explain whether AT is diagonalizable and if so find a
P and D such that AT = P DP 1 .

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MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

4. (8 points) This question has three parts. The last part is on the next page.
Let A be the following matrix, in which a and b are real numbers.
2 3
0 0 b
6 7
A = 40 a a b5
0 0 b

(a) (1 point) Find cA (x), the characteristic polynomial of A (in terms of a and b).

(b) (4 points) Let B be the specific matrix you get when you let a = b = 1 in A. Show that B is
diagonalizable, and find an invertible P and diagonal D such that B = P DP 1 .
(You do not have to find P 1 or compute the product P DP 1. Just find a P and D that work.)

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 MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

(c) (3 points) Show that A is diagonalizable for all values of a and b. You do not have to find or state the
P and D here for any case. A is repeated below for your convenience.
2 3
0 0 b
6 7
A = 4 0 a a b5
0 0 b

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MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

5. (6 points) This question has four parts. The last two parts are on the next page.

In this problem you’ll see a new definition and consider some simple questions about it. Make sure to justify
your answers to each part.

Definition 1

We say that two n ⇥ n matrices A and B are cousins if their characteristic polynomials are equal.
In other words, A and B are cousins if cA (x) = cB (x).

" #
0 4
(a) (1 point) For this part and part (b) only, let X = .
1 0
Give an example of a 2 ⇥ 2 matrix C such that X and C are not cousins.

(b) (1 point) Using the same X as in part (a), give an example of a 2 ⇥ 2 matrix Y , other than X and X,
such that X and Y are cousins.

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 MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

(c) (2 points) Show that if A and B are cousins and A is invertible, then B is invertible.

(d) (2 points) True or false?

If A and B are cousins and A is diagonalizable, then B is diagonalizable.
(If you think it’s true, give a short proof. If you think it’s false, provide a counterexample.)

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MAT223H5S Term Test 2 - Winter 2023

6. (6 points, 2 per part) True or false?

For each part, indicate whether the given statement is true or false by writing “true” or “false” in the box
provided, and justify your answers as appropriate with well-written explanations. A correct choice of “true”
or “false” with no explanation will receive no credit.
2 3
! 2x 3y
x 6 7
(a) Let S : R2 ! R3 be the function defined by S = 4x + y 15. Then S is a linear transformation.
y
⇡x + y

(b) Let A be a 3 ⇥ 3 matrix.

If ~v is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue 7, then 2~v is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue 14.

(c) Let ~a be a fixed, non-zero vector in R3 , and let T : R3 ! R3 be defined by T (~x) = ~x ⇥ ~a. Then 1 is an
eigenvalue of AT .

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