A Seminar Report

“JACKETING TECHNIQUE OF RETROFITTING”

By

KHARAT ANJALI A.
T120230108

TE (Civil)

Under the guidance of

Mrs. S. K. Patil

Department of Civil Engineering

Sinhgad College of Engineering,

Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune-411041

Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.

2015-16
 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

Abstract

Retrofitting is the modifying existing equipment or structures with additional or new

components or members to make them more resistant to seismic activities, ground motion or
soil failure due to earthquakes. It is a need based concept to improve the performance of any
structure under future calamities. These techniques are also applicable for other natural and
artificial hazards such as cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms. For
increasing the strength of the structure selection of right materials, techniques and procedure
to be adopted is very important. Some techniques can help in structural repairs, seismic
strengthening and retrofitting of existing structure whether damaged or undamaged.

Newly invented techniques of the structural repairs have many advantages over the
conventional techniques. Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns and beams often need re-
strengthening to increase their capacity to sustain the applied load. This report is on the
document case studies of the behaviour of RC columns strengthened by using steel jacket
techniques, square jacketing technique in effective re-strengthening of existing RC columns,
experimental and analytical results obtained from the application of reinforced self-compacting
concrete jacketing technique for the rehabilitation of shear damaged reinforced concrete beams.

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

INDEX

Sr. No. Contents Page No

1 Introduction
1.1 What is Retrofitting? 3
1.2 Need of Retrofitting 3
1.3 Aim 3
1.4 Objective 4
1.5 Use of Retrofitting 4
1.6 Classification of Retrofitting Technique 4

2 Jacketing Technique
2.1 Introduction to Jacketing Technique 6
2.2 Types of Jackets 6
2.3 Purpose of Jacketing 6
2.4 Column Jacketing 6
2.5 Beam Jacketing 7

3 Document Case Studies

3.1 Case Study 1 9
3.2 Case Study 2 11
3.3 Case Study 3 12
3.4 Case Study 4 13

4 Conclusion 14

5 Reference 14

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

1. Introduction

1.1 What is Retrofitting?

Retrofitting is the process of modifying existing equipment’s or structures with additional or

new components or members to make them more resistant to seismic activities, ground motion
or soil failure due to earthquakes as well as other artificial calamities.

The retrofit techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones,
tornadoes and severe winds from thunder-storms. By effectively doing retrofitting process the
strength of existing structure is improved against adverse effects.

1.2 Need of Retrofitting

Many natural calamities have occurred in the recent past in India, causing extensive damage to
life and property. As well as many times the buildings have been designed according to a Code
but the code has been upgraded in later years, sometimes buildings designed to meet the modern
codes but deficiencies exist in the design and/or construction. So due to this there are so many
buildings which are standing in damaged condition with cracks of minor to major width and
extent. They need restoration of lost strength as well as cosmetic repairs. Protection of these
buildings is needed to improve the performance of any structure under consideration of future
hazardous calamities. Thus depending on the desired properties, usage & level of damage in
structure members they can be repaired & strengthened by several methods.

Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems

rather than replacement of building.

1.2 Aim

To study about the jacketing technique of retrofitting.

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

1.3 Objective

 To study in details Jacketing Technique of retrofitting taking

references of research papers and case study.

1.4 Use of retrofitting

 Public safety only

The goal is to protect human life, ensuring that the structure will not collapse upon its or
passer-by and that the structure can be safely exited. Under severe seismic conditions the
structure may be a total economic write-off, requiring tear-down and replacement.

 Structure survivability
The goal is that the structure, while remaining safe for exit, may require extensive repair
(but not replacement) before it is generally useful or considered safe for occupation. This
is typically the lowest level of retrofit applied to bridges.

 Structure functionality
Primary structure undamaged and the structure is undiminished in utility for its primary
application.

 Structure unaffected
This level of retrofit is preferred for historic structures of high cultural significance.

1.5 Classification of retrofitting on the basis of type of structure

o Retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) structures

o Retrofitting of masonry structures

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

Classification of retrofitting technique

Fig. 1 Classification of retrofitting technique

This report is mainly about the study of Jacketing Technique of retrofitting.

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

2. JACKETING TECHNIQUE

2.1 Introduction to Jacketing Technique

Jacketing technique is the most popularly used technique for strengthening of building i.e.
beams and columns or any other structural elements. Jacketing is a rehabilitation technique of
poorly detailed or damaged reinforcement concrete members that provides increased strength,
stiffness and overall enhancement of the structural performance.

2.2 The most common types of jackets are

1. Steel Jacket
2. Reinforced Concrete Jacket
3. Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite (FRPC) jacket
4. Jacket with high tension materials like carbon fibre, glass fibre etc.

2.3 The main purposes of jacketing are

1. To increase concrete confinement by transverse fibre-reinforcement, especially for circular

cross-sectional columns,

2. To increase shear strength by transverse fibre-reinforcement,

3. To increase flexural strength by longitudinal fibre-reinforcement provided.

2.4 COLUMN JACKETING

Jacketing of columns is the process of adding the concrete with longitudinal and transverse
reinforcement around the existing columns. This type of strengthening improves the axial and
shear strength of columns while the flexural strength of column and the strength of beam-
column joints remains the same. In the previous work it is observed that the jacketing of
columns is not successful for improving the ductility. A major advantage of column jacketing

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

is that it improves the lateral load capacity of the building in a reasonably uniform and
distributed way and hence avoiding the concentration of stiffness as in the case of shear walls.
This is how major strengthening of foundations may be avoided. In addition the original
function of the building can be maintained, as there are no major changes in the original
geometry of the building with this technique. The jacketing of columns is generally carried out
by two methods:

(i) Reinforced concrete jacketing and

(ii) Steel jacketing.

Fig. 2 Steel Jacketing of column

2.5 BEAM JACKETING

Jacketing of beams is used for several purposes as it gives continuity to the columns and
increases the strength and stiffness of the structure. While jacketing a beam, its flexural
resistance must be carefully computed to avoid the creation of a strong beam-weak column
system. In the retrofitted structure, there is a strong possibility of change of mode of failure
and redistribution of forces as a result of jacketing of column, which may consequently causes
beam hinging. The location of the beam critical section and the participation of the existing
reinforcement should be taken into consideration. Jacketing of beam may be carried out under

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different ways. The most common are one-sided jackets or 3 and 4 sided jackets. At several
occasions, the slab has been perforated to allow the ties to go through and to enable the casting
of concrete. The beam should be jacketed through its whole length. The reinforcement has also
been added to increase beam flexural capacity moderately and to produce high joint shear
stresses. Top bars crossing the orthogonal beams are put through holes and the bottom bars
have been placed under the soffit of the existing beams, at each side of the existing column.
Beam transverse steel consists of sets of U-shaped ties fixed to the top jacket bars and of
inverted U-shaped ties placed through perforations in the slab, closely spaced ties have been
placed near the joint region where beam hinging is expected to occur.

Fig. 3 Construction technique for beam jacketing

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

3. DOCUMENT CASE STUDIES

3.1 Case Study 1: Effectiveness of various methods of jacketing for RC beam.

The study of previous research papers gives the idea about the different methods of jacketing.
The four methods of jacketing are used to study the effectiveness of the methods for Reinforced
Concrete (RC) beams. Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams is required due to
design errors, deficient concrete production, bad execution processes, damage due to
earthquake, accidents such as collisions, fire, explosions and situations involving changes in
the functionality of the structure etc. [4]

To find the information on behaviour of RC beams when jacketed using different methods of
jacketing in order to get overall increase in its performance. These methods includes use of
dowel connectors and micro-concrete, bonding agent and micro-concrete, combined use of
dowel connectors and bonding agent and micro-concrete and only the use of micro-concrete.

These beams are tested in flexure under two point loading system. The beam was placed simply
supported on either side by steel column support. The load was applied using hydraulic jack of
500kN capacity. Deflection was measured by using dial gauge

Fig. 4 Location of dowel connectors on beam

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Fig. 5 Crake Pattern for beams

The result was made on the basis of load carrying capacity, displacement and failure mode
and crack patterns. From the study of this experiment it is observed that the jacketing of RC
beams may always be employed as one of the very promising technique for improving the
performance of the beams in case of change in use of the structure. Use of dowel connectors
and bonding agent with micro-concrete as well as use of micro-concrete alone have emerged
as better techniques of jacketing RC beams as compared to other jacketing alternatives
employed in the present investigation. For better employment of the jacketing techniques,
chipping of the surface is strongly recommended for the RC beams [4].

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

3.2 CASE STUDY 2: Behaviour of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by

steel jacket.

RC columns often need strengthening to increase their capacity to sustain the applied load.
Behaviour of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by steel jacket is the research paper
which I have studied. In this paper to study the behaviour of RC columns three variables were
considered, shape of main strengthening system (using angles, C-sections and plates), size and
number of batten plates. Behaviour and failure load of the strengthened column were
experimentally investigated on seven specimens divided into two un-strengthened specimen
and five strengthened ones. A finite element model was developed to study the behaviour of
these columns.

Fig. 6 Strengthened specimens after casting and jacket erection

Based on the experimental and analytical results, the following conclusions may be made:
- Using steel jacketing techniques for strengthening RC columns has been proven to be
effective since it increases the column capacity to a minimum of 20%.
- The failure mode of the control reinforced concrete column was brittle while strengthening
with steel jacket changed failure mode to be more ductile.
- Specimen strengthened with angles or channel sections with batten plates recorded a higher
failure load than that strengthened with plates.
- Using C-sections with batten plates or plates only in strengthening concrete columns needs
cautions due to the buckling consideration of their thin thicknesses.

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 Jacketing Technique of Retrofitting

- As the surface area of concrete covered by steel jacket increases the effect of confinement
also increases.

3.3 CASE STUDY 3: Ferro-cement Jacketing for Re-strengthening of Square

Reinforced Concrete Column under Concentric Compressive Load.

Ferro-cement jacketing for re-strengthening of square reinforced concrete column under

concentric compressive load research was done to achieve the improvement of square jacketing
technique in effective re-strengthening of existing RC building column. Square jacketing can’t
effectively provide lateral confinement due to stress concentration and subsequent cracking at
the corners. In order to overcome this problem, two different approaches are taken into account;
i.e. (a) strengthen all the corners, and (b) reducing stress concentrations at corners.

Fig. 7Jacketing technique a) SL b) RSL c) SLTL

The results of axial loading test of both the benchmark and jacketed specimens was discussed
on the basis of ultimate load carrying capacity, deflection response and failure pattern. From
the experimental investigation of small scale Ferro-cement jacketed RC column under
concentric load, the following concluding remarks could be made:
o Ferro-cement jacketing improves the ultimate load carrying capacity and increases the
ultimate axial deflection of RC column.
o Square Ferro-cement jacketing technique could be used effectively, if proper jacketing
scheme is introduced.

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Fig. 8 Typical failure pattern

o Both approach [(a) strengthen all the corners, and (b) reducing stress concentrations at
corners] are effective to overcome the stress concentration problem of square jacketing.
o Type SLTL square jacketing is the most effective square jacketing scheme among other
types used in this study.
o Crack pattern of tested specimen also confirm that type SLTL and type RSL square
jacketing technique are more effective than type SL jacketing.

3.4 CASE STUDY 4: Self-compacting Concrete Jacketing- Test and Analysis.

The study of Self-compacting concrete jacketing tests and analysis presents experimental and
analytical results obtained from the application of a reinforced self-compacting concrete
jacketing technique for the rehabilitation of shear damaged reinforced concrete beams. Three
shear-dominated beams were initially subjected to monotonic four-point bending loading. The
damaged beams were first restored using self-compacting concrete jackets that encased the
bottom width and both vertical sides of the beams including small diameter steel bars and U-
formed stirrups and then retested. The applied jacket was designed to increase the shear
capacity of the initially tested beams and to alter their brittle failure mode to a more ductile
one.

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The result was made on the basis of mid span deflection and crack pattern of beams. The
examined self-compacting concrete jacketing seems to be an effective rehabilitation technique
to shear damaged reinforced concrete beams. The load bearing capacity and the overall
structural performance of the jacketed beams was ameliorated with respect to the initially tested
specimens. A good agreement between the predicted results and the test data of this study can
be observed.

4. CONCLUSION

The experimental results reported in these papers form a base of knowledge on the
effectiveness of an innovative technique for strengthening of Reinforced concrete (RC)
columns and beams. Jacketing technique is innovative technique over the conventional
technique. It gives the positive result for any structural element. It prevents the basic function
of the element. Hence it is suitable for any type of structural element.

5. REFERENCES

1. Constantin E. Chalioris, Constantin N. Pourzitidis, Self-compacting Concrete

Jacketing- Test and Analysis, AASRI Conference on Modeling, Identification and
Control, (2012).
2. A. B. M. Amrul Kaish, M. R. Alam, M. Jamil and M. A. Wahed, Ferro-cement
Jacketing for Re-strengthening of Square Reinforced Concrete Column under
Concentric Compressive Load, The 2nd International conference on Rehabilitation and
Maintenance in Civil Engineering, Procedia Engineering 54 (2013).
3. Mahmoud F. Belal, Hatem M. Mohamed, Sherif A. Morad, Behaviour of reinforced
concrete columns strengthened by steel jacket, Higher Technological Institute , 10th of
Ramadan City, Egypt, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, 19 May
2014.
4. Sachin. S. Raval, Urmil V. Dave, Effectiveness of various methods of jacketing for RC
beam, Chemical, Civil and Mechanical Tracks of the 3rd Nirma University International
Conference on Engineering (NUiCONE 2012).

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