BSC BT Syllabus

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
KOTTAYAM
B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS
OF
CORE AND COMPLEMENTARY COURSES
AS PER THE NEWLY INTRODUCED C.B.C.S PROGRAMME
2017
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement 3
Introduction 3
Objectives 3
Duration of the course 4
Evaluation 4
Scheme 5-7
Syllabus 8-47
(Prepared by Board of Studies and Faculty)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Board of Studies, the faculty and members of syllabus revision committee expresses
sincere gratitude towards the honourable Vice Chancellor, Pro vice Chancellor and the
Registrar of Mahatma Gandhi University. The guidelines and expertise provided by the
syndicate members and the timely help from the administrative staff are acknowledged.
INTRODUCTION
The BSc Biotechnology Programme offered by M G University provides core and
complementary courses as per the regulations of UGC. In the first semester programme,
students are introduced to the basics of Life Sciences and the evolution of Biotechnology as a
multidisciplinary branch of science. In connection with this, a methodology paper is
incorporated in the first semester. As knowledge in Genetics, Cell and Molecular Biology,
Biochemistry and Microbiology is essential to explore the principles of Biotechnology, these
areas are incorporated as courses in various semesters of the programme. rDNA technology
and Biotechnological approaches in Plant Science, Animal science and Environmental Science
are constituted as separate courses. Properly designed experiments are incorporated in all
semesters to provide ample opportunity for the students to gain sufficient practical knowledge
in the subject. Extreme care has also being taken to incorporate essential principles of
Environmental services and Ecology into the newly designed curriculum. The syllabus also
comprises of choice based courses, electives and complementary courses that are being
instrumental in expanding the knowledge domain of the subject.
OBJECTIVES
The syllabus has been designed with the following objectives:
 The curriculum should provide a platform for understanding basic life science along with
advanced topics of Biotechnology.
 The curriculum should be able to make the students competent in both theoretical and
practical aspects of the subject.
 The curriculum should carry multiple options in terms of electives for incorporating
innovative ideas generated in this field.
 The interdisciplinary nature of the subject is to be incorporated to have option for
employment and higher studies.
DURATION OF THE COURSE

Duration of the course is Three years. Each year is divided into two semesters.
EVALUATION
The scheme involves external and internal evaluation which is conducted according to
the regulations of Mahatma Gandhi University.
SCHEME OF THE PROGRAMME
Sem Sl No Course Inst. Credits

Hrs
Theory Lab
Common 1 English 5 - 4
Core1 BT1CRT01Basic Life Sciences 5 - 4
Core 2 BT1CRT02Methodology in Biotechnology 5 - 4
Core 3 BT1CRP01 PracticaL-Basic Life Sciences - 2 2
Compl.-1 Biochemistry-1 2 - 2
I Sem Compl.-2 Microbiology-1 2 - 2

Compl.-3 Practical Biochemistry-1 - 2 1
Compl.-4 PracticalMicrobiology -1 - 2 1
Total 20
Common 2 English 5 - 4
Core 4 BT2CRT03 Cell Biology 4 - 4
Core 5 BT2CRT04 Elementary Chemistry for Biology 4 - 3
Core 6 BT2CRT05 Evolution & Developmental Biology 2 - 2
Core 7- BT2CRP02 Practical- Cell Biology 2 - 2
Compl.-5 Biochemistry-2 2 - 2
II Sem Compl.-6 Microbiology-2 2 - 2
Compl.-7 PracticalBiochemistry-2 2 - 1
Compl.-8 Practical Microbiology-2 2 - 1
Total 21
Core - 8 BT3CRT06 Immunology 5 - 4
Core 9 BT3CRT07 Genetics 5 - 4
BT3CRT08Biostatistics and Computer
Core10 Application 4 - 3
III Sem
Core–11 BT4CRP03– Practical- Immunology and Genetics 3 - 3
Comp.-9 Biochemistry-3 2 - 2
Compl.-10 Microbiology-3 2 - 2
Compl.-11 Practical Biochemistry-3 - 2 1
Compl.-12 Practical Microbiology-3 - 2 1

Total 20
Core12 BT4CRT09Molecular Biology 5 - 4
Core13 BT4CRT10 Enzymology 4 - 4
Core14 BT4CRT11 Biophysics and Bioinformatics 4 - 3
Core15 Practical Molecular Biology and Enzymology - 4 3
Compl.13 Biochemistry-4 2 - 2
IV Sem Compl 14 Microbiology-4 2 - 2

Compl.15 Practical Biochemistry-4 - 2 1
Compl.16 PracticalMicrobiology-4 - 2 1
Total 20
Core 16 BT5CRT12 Recombinant DNA technology 6 - 4
Core17 BT5CRT13- Environmental Biotechnology 4 - 4
Core 18 BT5CRT14 Animal Biotechnology 6 - 4
BT5CRP05 Practical rDNA Technology
V Sem Core 19 and Environmental Biotechnology - 5 4
core 20 Open Course(A/B/C) 4 - 3
Total 19
Core21 BT6CRT15Plant Biotechnology 5 - 4
Core22 BT6CRT16 Industrial Biotechnology 5 - 4
VI Sem Core23 BT6CBT01-Choice Based Course(A/B/C) 5 - 4

BT6CRP06 Practical Environmental
Core24 Biotechnology and Plant Biotechnology - 5 4
Core25 BT6CRP07 Project and viva voce - 5 4
Total 20
Total Credits 120

Open course
1. BT5OPT01A- Tissue culture techniques
2. BT5OPT01B - Biotechnology for sustainable development
3. BT5OPT01C - IPR and patents
Choice based Course

1. BT6CBT01A - Bioinformatics
2. BT6CBT01B - Nanotechnology
3. BT6CBT01C - Diseases and Diagnostic Biotechnology
Complimentary Course
1. BT1CMT01 Cell Biology
2. BT2CMT02 Genetics
3. BT3CMT03 Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Technology
4. BT4CMT04 Plant and Animal Biotechnology
 The programme includes a study tour/field visit and the report about the same
should be submitted by each student.
SEMESTER I
Core 1 - BT1CRT01 BASIC LIFE SCIENCES
Total hours of instruction: 90 Hours/ week: 5 Credit: 4
Module I: 30Hrs
Nutrition-digestive system, mechanism of digestion-enzymes, absorption of carbohydrate, lipid and
proteins, storage and mobilization of food reserves , respiration, respiratory system – structure, function,
mechanism, Hb - structure and function, regulation of respiration.
Module II: 15 Hrs

Lymphatic system, lymph – functions,Excretion - structure of kidney and nephron, glomerular filtration,
urine-normal and abnormal constituents
Module III 15 Hrs

Nervous coordination: Structure of neuron, transmission of nerve impulse, Synapse; structure and
function, neurotransmitters: Types and functions.
Module IV: 15 Hrs

Absorption and transport of water: Theories on absorption, macro and micro nutrients, transpiration,
Photosynthesis: photosystems, cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation, calvin cycle, Rubisco, CAM
plants
Module V: 15Hrs
Plant growth regulators-auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, abcisic acid, plant movements-
tropic,tactic and nastic movements, photoperiodism, vernalisation.
References:
1. Medical Physiology –A C Guyton, J E Hall, Saunders/ Elsevier pub.
2. Animal Physiology for BSc and MSc- Mohan p Arora, Himalaya Pub, india
3. Medical Physiology- A. B.SMahapatra- Current Books International, IndiaPub.
4. Foundation course in Biology- Agarwal, Ane books.
5. Text Book of Plant Physiology - V Verma, Ane Books
6. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology - V.K.Jain, S Chand Pub.,New Delhi, India.
7. Essentials of Modern Biology - R C Sobti and VL Sharma, Ane books, New Delhi
8. Plant Anotomy, - B. P. Pandey. S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi
9. Animal physiology- B S Thyagi, S Chand Publishers., India
Core 2 - BT1CRT02 METHODOLOGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Total hours of instruction: 90 Hours/ week: 5 Credit : 4
Module I: 15Hrs
Biotechnology - Definitions, multidisciplinary nature, scope, History of Biotechnology , trends, scope
of research, milestones in the development of Biotechnology, Biotechnology in ancient world.
Module II: 20Hrs
Conventional and modern biotechnology: Fermentation- definition. Conventional fermentation
practices- marine fermented products, Definition and scope of Bioprocess technology, recombinant
DNA technology, Bioinformatics and biorobotics, Genetically modified organisms: merits and demerits.
Blue biotechnology, Green biotechnology, White Biotechnology..
Module III: 25Hrs

Major Biotechnology institutes and companies in India, Global trend of biotechnology industry.
Introduction to Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Quality control in manufacturing, Good
Manufacturing practices (GMP), Marketing of Biotechnological products, Impact of Biotechnology on
society, Biotechnology and IPR.
Module IV: 15Hrs

Human genome project- an introduction, Cloning: technology , merits and demerits. Cloning of buffalo
in India, Biotechnology in space research, Artificial cell: synthesis, types and applications.
.
Module V: 15 Hrs
Nanobiotechnology, applications ofnanobiotechnology in medicine and health, Classification of
nanomaterials, application of nano crystals, DNA chip, nanobiosensors - DNA sensors, Quantum dots.
References:
1. Biotechnology - B. D Singh, Kalyan Publishers, New Delhi
2. A Text Book of Biotechnology - R. C Dubey, S Chand and Company Pub:
3. Biotechnology - U. Sathyanarayana, Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd. Kolkata.
4. Presscott/Harley/Klein’s Microbiology - Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood and ChrisWoolverton.
5. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th Edition. - EDP De Robertis and EMF De Robertis, Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins Publication
6. Biotechnology and Ethics: A blueprint for the future, - Daniel Callahan President, Hastings
Center, Center for Biotechnology, North Western University.
7. Biotechnology: Issues, Ethics and Regulation, - Tina M. Prow, Communication Specialist, Office
of Agricultural Communication and Education
8. Biotechnology and Ethics: A blueprint for the future, - Daniel Callahan President, Hastings
Center, Center for Biotechnology, North Western University
9. Nanobiotechnology :Concepts, Applications and Perspectives - C M Neimeyer and C. A.
Mairkin, Wiley, US.
10. Biomaterial Science. An introduction to materials. - Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ and
Lemons JE. Elseviar, 2004.
11. Nanotechnology in Catalysis. Volume 3, - David J. Lockwood. Springer science, 2007
12. Introduction to Nanotechnology - John Wileg and Sons, 2008.
Core 3- BT1CRP01 PRACTICAL-BASIC BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

1. Cross section of Anther

2. Pollen tube germination
3. Demonstration of various developmental stages of chick embryo
4. Method of expressing concentration of solutions- calculations based on Normality and Molarity
5. Standardization of the concentration of acids/alkali based on volumetric titrations
6. Qualitative analysis of the organic compounds
7. Tests for –Hydrocarbons, alcohol, aldehydes, ketones, aniline, amide
References:
1. A practical guide to developmental Biology, - Melissa A. Gibbs, Oxford University Press
2. Practical Chemistry - A. O. Thomas
Complementary course I: BC1CMT01-Elementary Biochemistry

Total hours of instruction: 36 Hours/week: 2 Credit: 2
Objective: To introduce the student basic principle of different types of chemical interactions in
biological systems, an understanding on the basics of membrane biochemistry, importance of
biochemistry of blood and to have a basic understanding of biochemical separation techniques.
Unit-I Physical Aspects of Biochemistry (10 hours)

Structure of water, Interactions in aqueous systems- covalent bond, hydrophobic interactions, Ionic
interactions, hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. Ionization of water, strong and weak acids
and bases and their dissociation, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation with derivation. Concepts of pH and
Buffers. Buffersin biological systems – Phosphate buffer, Bicarbonate Buffer, Hemoglobin buffer.
Ref: Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. L. Jain, Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain, (2008)
Publishers: S. Chand & Co Ltd ISBN: 81-219-2453-7 p: 230, 244, 269,
Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson, D. L., Lehninger, A. L., & Cox, M. M.
(2008) 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and,
Company, New York p:43-64.
Unit-II - Membrane Biochemistry (8 hours)

Fluid mosaic model of membrane. Types of membrane proteins (peripheral, integral and amphitropic).
Solute transport across membranes (passive transport—simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, active
transport- primary and secondary, uniport, symport, antiport). Osmosis. Fundamental study of Donnan
equilibrium-application in biological system.
Ref: Biochemistry fifth edition by campbell farrell (2006) Thomson Brooks cole Ltd p: 34-
54
Ref: Biochemistry by J. M. Berg, J. L.Tymoczko, L. Stryer6th edition(2007 )W. H. Freeman
and Company, New Yorkp: 510-555
Unit-III - Plant Biochemistry (8 hours)

Basic ideas of photosynthesis- Structure of chloroplast, light reaction, cyclic and noncyclic
photophoshorylation, dark reaction, fixation of CO2 and formation of carbohydrate (brief treatment only)
C3 and C4 plants, Biological nitrogen fixation. Distinction between primary and secondary metabolites.
Importance of secondary metabolites-Protection of the producer plant from predators and insect. Give
examples of the compounds and the plants in which present and their importance.
Ref: Plant Metabolism: H.D. Kumar and H.N. Singh. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, Madras, Hyderabad and Bangalore. (1993; 2nd edition)
Ref: Plant Biochemistry: P.M. Dey and J.B. Harborne. (Editors.) Harcourt Asia PTE Ltd.
Academic Press. (Indian Edition, 2000)
Unit-IV- Techniques in Biochemistry (10 hours)

Colorimetry and spectrophotometry Chromatography- Paper, TLC, HPTLC, Gel Filtration, Affinity
chromatography Electrophoresis- PAGE, AGE Blotting Techniques- Western, Southern and Northern
Blotting Introduction to proteomics-MALDI-TOF MS
Ref: Practical Biochemistry Principles and Techniquesby Keith Wilson and John Walker
5th edition (2005), Cambridge University Press, p: 580-681
Ref: Biophysical Chemistry Principles and Techniques by Upadhyay, Upadhyay,
Nathhimalaya publishing house (2002), p: 175-270, 344-421, 422-478.
Suggested Readings
1. A Text Book of Biochemistry, E.S. West, W.R. Todd, H.S. Mason and J.T. van Bruggen,
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1974
2. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry (third Edition) (Paperback-2001) by S. Ramakrishnan.
Publisher: Orient Longman ISBN: 8125020713 ISBN13: 978812502071 4, 8125020714
3. Introduction to Biophysics by Pranab kumar banarjee, S. chand & company Ltd. 2008
Biochemistry third edition by mathews, van Holde, Ahernpearson education
4. Human Physiology by C C Chatterjee 11thedition 1987
5. Biochemistry by Debajyoti das. Academic publishers. Kolkata.
6. Introduction to Biophysics by Pranab kumar Banarjee (2008) S. Chand & Company Ltd
Complementary course I: MB1CMT01 Fundamentals of Microbiology-1

Unit I
Microbial world.Diversity of Microbial World.History of microbiology.Beneficial and harmful microbes.
Differentiate between prokaryote & Eukaryote. Scope and different fields of Microbiology- Medical,
Industrial, Agricultural, Food, Immunology etc., Principles and methods of bacterial classification.
Ultrastructure of bacteria-cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane,inclusions, flagella, endospore. Differentiate
between archaebacteria and Eubacteria
References
1. Prescott/Harley/Klein's Microbiologyby Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood, and Chris Woolverton
2. Microbiology Pelczar, Chan and Krieg.
3. General microbiology Vol 2 Powar&Daginawala
Unit II
Microscopy – optical, phase contrast, fluorescent, darkfield, electron (TEM & SEM) - Principle Pathway of
Light.
References
4. Biophysics R.N.Roy
Unit III
Staining – preparation of specimens for staining, simple staining, differential staining & negative staining.
Microscopic examination of microorganisms- hanging drop, simple, differential and negative staining
References
Complementary course Practical I- Elementary Biochemistry

Total hours of instruction: 36 Hours/week: 2 Credit:1
Objective: To resolve quantitative problems concerning preparation of solutions andbuffers
and to have an understanding of basic separation techniques.
1. Preparation of solutions:
Percentage solutions
Molar solutions
Normal solutions
Dilution of Stock solutions
2. Preparation of buffers using the Henderson Hasselbach equation
3. Determination of pH using pH meter (Demonstration)
4. Biochemical separation Techniques
a. Chromatographic techniques (Any one to be performed)
Separation of amino acids and simple sugars by Paper chromatography
(Descending or ascending)
Separation of amino acids and lipids by Thin Layer chromatography
Separation of Plant pigments by Column/ Thin layer chromatography
b. Electrophoretic techniques (Demonstration)
Analysis of proteins and nucleic acids (PAGE, AGE)
5. Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry techniques
Verification of Beer Lambert’s law
References
1. Hawk’s Physiological Chemistry, Bernard L. Oser (ed) TATA McGRAW Hill Publishing
Company LTD, New Delhi p 10- 15.
2. Experimental Biochemistry: A Student Companion, Beedu Sasidhar Rao & Vijay
Deshpande, I.K International Pvt. LTD, New Delhi, ISBN 81-88237-41-8, p 13- 17, p 39-43.
3. Introductory Practical biochemistry, S. K. Sawhney & Randhir Singh (eds) Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, ISBN 81-7319-302-9, p 1- 15, 195-303
4. Standard Methods of Biochemical Analysis, S. K. Thimmaiah (ed), Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana ISBN 81-7663-067-5, p 12 – 18
Complementary course 3- MB2CMP03 Microbiology Practical-I

(36 in semester I and36 in Semester II)
Study the parts and usage of a compound microscope
Study the parts and working and uses of
Autoclaves
Hot air oven
Membrane Filter
Safety Cabinet
Anaerobic Jar
Incubator
Preparation of culture Media (NB, NA, MA) and dispensing media in test tubes, bottles, petridishes.
Preparation and examination of Hanging drop mount for studying the motility of bacteria.
Preparation of slide smears for staining.
Staining techniques
- Simple staining
- Gram Staining
- Negative Staining.
Cultivation of Bacteria on nutrient Agar for obtaining isolated colonies. Study of cultural colony
characters- Size, shape, colour etc.
Viable Count of bacteria by pour plate/ spread plate method.
Demonstration of antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method
References:
1. Microbiology – Concepts and Application – Pelzer Jr. Chang Kreig Mac Graw Hill Inc
2. Microbiology – Prescott, Harley and Klein Wim.C.Brown Publishers.
3. Practical Microbiology – R.C Dubey, D.K Maheshwari, S Chand and Company, New Delhi.
4. Microbiology Laboratory Manual – Cappuccino, Sherman, Pearson Education.
SEMESTER II
Core 4 – BT2CRT03CELL BIOLOGY
Module I: 8Hrs.
History and development of cell biology. Universal features of cell. Chemical components of
cell.Celltheory.General organization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.Evolution of eukaryotic
cell.Plant cell and animal cell.
Module II: 15Hrs

Cell Membrane -.Chemical composition, ultra structure - fluid mosaic model, functions - Membrane
transport - active, passive, facilitated - symport, antiport.Cell-cell interaction - selectins, integrins,
cadherins, cell junction - tight junction, gap junction.
Module III:12Hrs.
Nucleus-structure and function, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin-euchromatin,
heterochromatin, chromosomes - structure of a typical metaphase chromosome - centromere, telomere,
chromomere, satellite DNA, nucleosome organization -histones, linker DNA, giant chromosomes,
chromosome banding.
Module IV 22Hrs
Structure and functions of cell organelles - ER, Golgi complex, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Chloroplast,
Lysosome, Peroxisome. Cytoskeleton - Microtubules, Microtubular organelles, Microfilaments,
Intermediate filaments.
Module V: 15Hrs.
Cell cycle - stages, Mitosis, Mieosis, Regulation of cell cycle - MPF, cyclins.Cell death - Necrosis and
apoptosis. Cancer cells - characteristics of cancer cells, Cell Signaling - cyclic AMP, G protein, RTK
receptors - convergence, divergence and cross talk.
References
1. Principles of Genetics, Snustad, Simmons and Jenkins, John Wiley And Sons Inc
2. Genetics, Robert Weaver and Philip Hendricks, WH.C. Brown Publishers, Iowa
3. Fundamentals of Genetics, B D Singh, Kalyani Publishers
4. Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths, Wessler, Lewontin, Gelbart,Suzuki and Miller,
Freeman’s and Co, New York
5. Principles of Genetics: A.G.Gardner, John Wiley and sons.
6. Cell and Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp, Academic Press
7. World of the Cell , Becker, Reece, Poenie, The Benjamin/Cumming’s Pub.
8. Cell Biology , Lodish et al, W H Freeman and Co.,NewYork.
9. Cell Biology , Thomas D Pollard and W.C.Earnshaw, Saunder’s Publishers
Core 5- BT2CRT04ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY FOR BIOLOGY
Module I: 12 Hrs
Bohr atom model, Limitations, De broglie Equation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Schodinger
equation, Atomic orbitals. Quantum numbers and significance. Lattice energy of ionic compounds,
applications
Module II: 15 Hrs

VSEPR theory, Hybridization involving s, p, d orbitals – sp, sp2, sp3, dsp2, sp3d, sp3d2. Molecular
orbital theory, Hydrogen bonding in H2O, structure of water molecule, intermolecular forces, ion-
dipole, dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, induced dipole-induced dipole interactions.
Module III: 20 Hrs

Mole concept, Determination of molecular weight by gram molecular volume relationship, problems
based on mole concept, Solutions, colligative properties, Methods of expressing concentrations,
strength, Normality, Molarity and Molality, ppm. Standardization of solutions, pH, buffer systems,
dissociation constant, pK value, Preparation of standard solution of acids and bases, problems related to
acid base titrations, volumetric experiments - acidimetry, alkalimetry, permanganometry, dichrometry,
iodometry.
Module IV: 15Hrs

Rates of reactions - various factors influencing rate of reactions - Order and molecularity - zero, first,
second and third order reactions. Derivation of integrated rate equations (single reactant only), fractional
life time, its relation to initial concentration of reactants for various orders, units of rate constants.
Influence of temperature on reaction rates, Arrhenius equation, calculation of Arrhenius parameters,
Collision theory of reaction rate.
Module V: 15 Hrs
Structure of organic compounds - Conformation and configuration, Rotation about carbon-carbon single
bond, conformations of ethane. Isomerism, types, Geometrical isomerism, Optical isomerism:
explanation with examples.
References:
1. University General Chemistry. By C.N. R. Rao. McMillan India Ltd Publication.
2. Principles of Physical ChemistryBy B R Puri ,L R Sharma &M S Pathania, ISBN: 978-93-82956-
01-3, ISBN: 978-93-82956-01-3ishal Pub. Co
3. A Text Book of Physical chemistryBy A.S.Negi&S.C.Anand, New Age International, New Delhi.
4. Principles of Physical Chemistry. By Maron and Pruton 4th Ed. Oxford and IBH publication.
5. Organic chemistry- A Bhal and B S Bhal, S Chand Pub.
6. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, R. D Madan, S. Chand and company, 13Th edition, 2005.
7. Concise Inorganic Chemistry5 th Ed., J.D. Lee, Blackwell Science Ltd
Core 6- BT2CRT05 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Total hours of instruction: 36 Hours/ week: 2Credit: 2
Module I: 8Hrs.
History, theories on evolution, prebiotic environment and molecular evolution, origin of life, Miller -
Urey experiment, Darwinian theory of evolution and its postulates.
References:
Module II: 6 Hrs.
Selection, speciation- allopatric and sympatric, adaptive radiation, role of mutation, modern theories of
evolution, micro and macroevolution, Relationship among organisms and evidences of evolution.
Module III: 6 Hrs
Human evolution: Unique features of humans. Rama pithecus, Australopithecus afarensis,Homo
erectus, Homosapiens(Neanderthals), Homo sapiens sapiens.
Module IV: 10Hrs
Plant development: Structure of flower, stages of flower development, androecium, gynoecium, micro
and megasporogenesis, stages of seed germination, structure of monocot and dicot embryos, seed
dormancy, polyembryoni.
Module V: 6Hrs.
Embryo development in animals; spermatogenesis, fertilization, Cleavage, morula, blastula,formation
of germ layers, formation of gastrula, fatemap, parthenogenesis.
References:
1. Microbial Ecology.Fundamentals and Applications. Atlas and Bartha, Pearson Education ,
Benjamin Cummingspublishingcompany.Inc.New Jersy
2. Essential Environmental Studies - S. P. Misra, S. N. Pande, Ane Books Pvt.Ltd.

3. Ecology and environment - Sharma P.D , Rastogi publications.
4. Organic Evolution - N.Arumugam , ISBN 9788189941178 , Saras publication
5. A manual of Developmental biology - VijayakumarNair.K and Jeorge .P.V, Acadamia
Publication, Javahar Nagar, TVM- 41
6. Developmental Biology- Muller, Springer Pub., Netherlands
7. Chordate embryolology, - P.S. Varma and V.K.Agarval, S Chand and Co.& Ltd
Core 7- BT2CRP02 PRACTICAL- CELL BIOLOGY

1. Examination of different kinds of cells - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

2. Blood grouping
3. Cell counting methods:
a) Haemocytometer: WBC, RBC
b) Differential counting using Leishman’s stain
4. Micrometry:
a) Calibration using ocular micrometer
b) Finding out average cell size
5. Squash Preparation
a) Study of mitotic stages
b) Measurement of Chromosome length.
7. Staining of mitochondria.
References:
1. Laboratory investigation in cell and molecular biology. - AllynBregman, 1996. John Wiley &
Sons.
2. Microbiology Laboratory Manual - Cappuccino, Sherman, Pearson Education
3. A Text book of Practical Physiology - CLGhai, Jaypee Brothers Publishers (P) LTD New Delhi.
4. Medical Laboratory Technology. Procedure Manual for Routine Diagnostic Tests - Volume I,
Kanai L Mukherjee; Tata McGraw - Hill publishing Company. Ltd New Delhi
Complementary course II: BC2CMT02-Biomolecules

Objective: To describe structural characteristics of simple organic biomolecules andtheir
biologically important derivatives indicating the constituent units, linkage between them
etc.
Unit I: Carbohydrates (10 hours)
Isomerism of carbohydrates, D and L forms of glyceraldehyde , epimers, mutarotation and its
explanation by ring structures, anomers, Structure (linear and cyclic ) of glucose, galactose, mannose
and fructose. Reducing action of sugars, Structure ((Haworth perspective formula) of disaccharides -
maltose, sucrose, lactose) (elucidation of the structures of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides is not
included). Structure and important properties of the following Homopolysaccharides – Starch, glycogen,
cellulose and chitin. Heteropolysaccharides-hyaluronic acid, heparin.
Ref: Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. L. Jain, Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain, (2008)
Publishers: S. Chand &Co Ltd ISBN: 81-219-2453-7 p:73
(2008) 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and,
Company, New York p: 239-255
Unit II: Lipids (6 hours)
Basic ideas about classification and physiological functions of lipids, Fatty acids – classification,
structure of the following fatty acids – stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid. Structure of triacylglycerol.
Structure of: phosphatidic acid, lecithin, cephalin, and phosphatidyl serine. Functions of Sphingolipids.
Chemical structure and functions of cholesterol and ergosterol. Definition of saponification number,
acid number and iodine number of fats.
(2008) 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and Company,
New Yorkp: 345-356
Ref: Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. L. Jain, Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain (2008)
Publishers: S. Chand &Co Ltd ISBN: 81-219-2453-7 p: 230
Unit III: Aminoacids and Protein (10 hours)
Name (with one letter and three letter code) and structures of the 20 standard aminoacids occurring in
proteins, Representation of amino acid in the zwitter ionic form. Classification and function of Proteins.
Elementary study of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Denaturation of
proteins. Specialised proteins – structure and functions of Collagen
(2008) 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. p:
75-90, 127-129
Unit IV: Nucleic acids (10 hours)
Chemical nature of nucleic acids- Structure of purines and pyrimidines, deoxyribose, ribose,
nucleosides, nucleotides. Formation of phosphodiester linkages, Watson-Crick model of DNA-Chargaff
rule, Different forms of DNA-A, B and Z DNA. Denaturation of nucleic acids hyperchromiceffect,
Tm-values and their significance, Structure and function of mRNA, rRNA
and tRNA.
(2008) 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freemanand Company,
New York. p: 273-300
Suggested Readings
1. A Text Book of Biochemistry by E.S. West, W.R. Todd, H.S. Mason and J.T. van Bruggen,
2. Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet Publisher: John Wiley &Sons Inc(2004)
ISBN: 047119350X ISBN-13: 9780471193500, 978-0471193500
3. Principles Of Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, William W Parson, Dennis E Vance
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Book Company – Koga(1995) ISBN:0697142752 ISBN-13:
9780697142757, 978-0697142757
4. Principles Of Biochemistry, 4/e by Robert Horton H , Laurence A Moran, Gray
ScrimgeourK Publisher: Pearsarson(2006) ISBN: 0131977369, ISBN13:978013197736 5,
978-0131977365
5. Biochemistry (6thEdition) by JeremyM.berg John L.tymoczko Lubert Stryer
Publisher:B.i.publicationsPvt.Ltd (2007) ISBN:071676766X ISBN13: 978071676
7664,978716767664
6. Biochemistry by Rastogi Publisher: McgrawHill (2008) ISBN:0070527954 ISBN13: 978
0070527959, 978-0070527959
7. Textbook of Biochemistry for medical studentsby Vasudevan, D. M., Sreekumari, S.,
&Vaidyanathan, K. (2010). Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p: 76
Complementary course 2: MB2CMT02 Fundamentals of Microbiology-II

Unit I
Bacterial Nutritional requirements& Sources, Culture Media, Culture Methods, Anaerobic culture methods,
Isolation of Pure Culture.Sterilisation and disinfection-Physical and chemical methods.Principles and
Application. Antibiotics mode of action of β - Lactum antibiotics, antibiotics act on protein synthesis & DNA
replication – Antibiotic Sensitivity Test – Disc Diffusion.
References
1. Microbiology Pelczar, Chan and Krieg
3. General microbiology Vol. 2 Powar&Daginawala
4. Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology R. Ananthanarayan,
5. C.K. JayaramPanikar
Unit II
Factors affecting growth of bacteria. Growth curve. Nutritional Types of Bacteria – Classification.-
Autotrophs, Heterotrophs, chemotrophs, lithotrpohs and organotrophs Microbial metabolism- Glycolysis,
AlchoholicFermantation, TCA Cycle, Glyoxalate cycle, Pentose phosphate pathway.
References
3. General microbiology Vol 1 & 2 Powar&Daginawala
Unit III
Bacterial genetics - Genetic exchange- transformation, transduction and conjugation. Extra chromosomal
genetic material-Plasmid. Genetic mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria based on plasmid.
References
3. General microbiology Vol. 2 Powar&Daginawala
4. Microbial Genetics Stanley R. Maloy, Freifelder and Cronan
5. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria Snyder and CharminessologyM.J.Pelczar,Jr. ECSChan and N.R.Krieg
Tata McGraw-Hill
Complementary course Practical II- BC2CMP01- Biomolecules

Objective:To provide the students an opportunity to develop their qualitative skillsand
to have a sound knowledge on basic protocols for identification of biomolecules.
1. Qualitative analysis of a given unknown sample (Carbohydrates/proteins/amino
acids/lipids/NPN substance)
i. Reactions of Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Proteins, Lipids and NPN substance
a. Carbohydrates: (Glucose, fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, Starch, Dextrin maybe
given for analysis).
Molisch test, Iodine test, Test for reducing sugars (Fehling’s test, Benedict’s test,
Barfoed’s test), Seliwanoff’s test, Bial’s test, Mucic acid test, Acid hydrolysis of Sucrose,
Osazone test
b. Amino acids: (tyrosine, tryptophan,cysteine, cystine, methionine, arginine, proline,
histidine may be given for analysis)
Ninhydrin test, Xanthoproteic test, Istatin test, Pauly’sdiazo test, sakaguchi test, Ehrlich’s
test, Sodium nitroprusside test, Millon’s test, Sullivan’s test
c. Proteins: (Casein, Albumin, Gelatin, peptone may be given for analysis).
Biuret test, Ammonium sulfate precipitation test, Sulphosalicylic acid test, Heat
coagulation test, test for inorganic phosphate
d. Lipids: Fats (tristearin), Fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid), Glycerol,
Steroids, and cholesterol
Solubility in Organic solvents, saponification test, Acrolein test, Test for unsaturation:
with bromine water or dilute potassium permanganate or Hubl’s iodine test, Salkowski
test, Zak’s test
e. Non Protein nitrogenous compounds: (Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine)
Urease test, Phosphotungstic acid test and Jaffe’s test
ii. Identification of Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide following a systematic
scheme of analysis (Single component from among the above mentioned carbohydrates
to be given).
iii. Identification of amino acids and proteins following a systematic scheme for analysis
(single components only need be given
iv. Identification of lipids following a systematic scheme for analysis (single components
only need be given)
v. Identification of NPN following a systematic scheme for analysis (single components only
need be given)
References
1. Hawk’s Physiological Chemistry, Bernard L. Oser (ed) TATA McGRAW Hill Publishing
Company LTD, New Delhi p 10- 15. , p 60 – 127, 1317- 1334
Deshpande, I.K International Pvt. LTD, New Delhi, ISBN 81-88237-41-8, p 13- 17, p 49-72
Publishing House, New Delhi, ISBN 81-7319-302-9 p 15- 23, 33- 35, 50 -57.
4. Practical Biochemistry, R.C. Gupta & S. Bhargava (eds) CBS Publishers and Distributors,
New Delhi, ISBN 81-239-0124-0 p 9 – 27
SEMESTER III
Core 8 - BT3CRT06 IMMUNOLOGY
Total hours of instruction: 90,Hours/ week: 5 Credit: 4
Module I: 20Hrs
Introduction to immunology. Types of immunity: nonspecific- physiological and cellular barriers,
acquired immunity- characteristics, Antigen, Haptens and Adjuvants , Antibody. Structure and types of
immunoglobulins, distribution and function.
Module II: 25Hrs
Organs of immune system - primary and secondary. Cells of immune system. Immune response.
Humoral and cell mediated immunity. MHC structure and function. Autoimmunity and hypersensitivity.
ModuleIII15Hrs
Antigen- antibody interactions: Affinity, avidity, cross reactivity, Precipitation reaction: radial immune
diffusion, Ouchterlonydouble diffusion. Aagglutination reaction, agglutination titer, Incomplete
agglutinins, complement fixation, ELISA,.Immunocytochemistry.
Module IV: 15Hrs
Transplant immunity.Immunology of malignancy.Immunohaematology.Blood groups and blood
grouping.A, B, Rh antigens and antibodies, Rh typing. Bombay group,
Module V: 15Hrs
Immunization: Passive and active .Vaccines, types and applications. DNA vaccines, Polyclonal
antibodies and monoclonal antibodies.
References:
1. Essential Immunology - Ivan M. Roitt and Peter J delves, Blackwell Publishing
2. Immunology - Thomas J. Kindt, Barbara A. Osborne, Richard A. Goldsby, and Janis Kuby,
W H Freeman and Co.
3. Immunobiology - Charles A. JanewayJr.,Paul Travers, Mark Walport and Mark J. Shlomchik,
Garland Publishing.
4. Essential Clinical Immunology – Helen Chappel and ManselHaeney, ELBS/Blackwell
Scientific Publications
5. Introduction to Immunology – John W, Kimball Maxwell, Mac Millan International Edition.
6. Text book of Microbiology – R. Ananthanarayanan and C K JayaramPanicker. Orient
Longman.
Core 9- BT3CRT07 GENETICS

Total hours of instruction: 90, Hours/ week: 5Credit: 4
Module I: 20hrs
The birth of genetics, symbols and terminology, Mendel’s experiments, Principle of segregation,
Monohybrid cross, Principle of independent assortment, Dihybrid ratio, Dominance, Recessiveness,
Codominance, Semidominance, lethal, multiple alleles, ABO blood typing, gene interactions - epistasis,
pleiotropy, polygenic inheritance. Testcross, Back cross.
Module II: 15hrs
Linkage, crossing over, sex determination - autosomes and sex chromosomes, chromosomal basis of sex
determination (XX-XY, XX-XO, ZZ-ZW types) mechanism of sex linked inheritance, sex influenced,
sex limited gene expression, dosage compensation
Module III 15 hrs
Extrachromosomal inheritance - mitochondria and chloroplast, Types of Mutation - Mutagens, Variation
in chromosome number - euploidy, aneuploidy, polyploidy, addition, deletion, transition, transversion,
nonsense, missence mutation. Significance of mutation in evolution.
Module IV: 25 Hrs
Human genetics - Karyotype study & Pedigree analysis, Chromosomal anomalies and human disorders
- autosomal anomalies - Down’s syndrome and Edwards syndrome, Sex chromosome anomalies -
Klinefelters syndrome, Turners syndrome, Genetic disorders - Sickle cell anaemia and phenyl ketonuria,
Genetics of cancer .
.
Module V: 15hrs
Population genetics - genetic variation, allele frequencies, random mating, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium,
assertive mating, genetic equilibrium
References:
1. Principles of genetics - E J Gardner John Wiley India Publication
2. Genetics –M W Strick Berger , macmillan,
3. Fundamentals of Genetics - Peter. J. Russel, Harper Collins Pub.
4. Genetics, Principles and analysis- Daniel L. Hartin and Elizabath W. John , Jones and Bartlett
Pub. US.
5. Human Genetics, - 2 nd& 3 rdEdn. S. D. Gangane. Elsevier/ Paras publications.
6. Essentials of Human Genetics, - 4 thEdn. S. M. Bhatnagar, M. L. Kothari and L. A. Mehta.
7.Text book of genetics, - Veer BalaRastogi, KNRN Pub
8. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology, - P. S. Verma, V.K. Agarwal.,
S Chand pub
9. Genetics- - P. S. Verma, S Chand pub
CORE10 BT3CRT08 BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION

Total hours of instruction: 36Hours/ week: 2Credit: 4
Module I: 8 Hrs
Nature, application and limitation of statistics in life science. Statistical population, Qualitative and
quantitative data, Data collection: Primary and seconadary. Sampling , Classification,. Measures of
asymmetry.Correlation and regression.
Module II 5 Hrs
Tabulation and representation of data.diagramatic and graphical representation, Analysis of data,
Measures of central tendency.Measures of dispersion.
Module III 8 hrs
Probability theory and distribution.Binomial, Poison and Normal.Testing of hypothesis, t-test, Chi-
square test, F-test.Non parametric tests.Analysis of variance -ANOVA.Concept of ANOVA, Basic
principles, ANOVA technique.
Module IV: 8Hrs

Introduction to Computers.Low level and high level languages.Binary number system.Flow chart and
programming techniques.Introduction to data structures and database concepts.Introduction to Internet
and its applications.
Module V: 7Hrs
Introduction to MS office software, Word processing, spread sheet and software. Computer oriented
statistical techniques. Frequency table of single discrete variable Bubble sort, Computation of mean
variance and Standard deviation.
References:
1. Introduction to Biostatistics – Sokal&Rohif(1973) Toppan Co Japan
2. Fundamentals of biostatistics. VeerbalaRastogi. (2008) Ane books
3. Norman,T.J. Bailey (2007) Statistical methods in biology, 3rd edition. Cambridge university
press
4. The programmer’s Book of Rules. - Ladin BRC and Ledin V. Lifetime learning Publishers
5. Computer programming. - Rajaraman V. Prentice hall India Publication
6. Research Methodology - Methods and techniques. - C.R Kothari , New age international.
7. Biostatistics, Arora PN and PK Malhotra, Himalaya Publishing House.
8. Biostatistics, Computer application and Bioinformatics.V. Kumaresan , N. Arumugam, A.
Gopi , A. Meena , R. Sundaralingam , ISBN 9789382459910
9. Introduction to Computers- peter Norton, Tata mac Graw Hill Pub.
Core11 BT4CRP03– Practical- Immunology

1. Slide agglutination test
2. Bacterial agglutination test
3. Haemagglutination test
4. Precipitation in tube-Capillary test
5. Precipitation in gel-Immunodiffution (Demonstration only)
6. Immunoelectrophoresis (Demonstration only)
7. Blood grouping by slide agglutination method
Reference
1. Introduction to Immunology – John W, Kimball Maxwell, Mac Millan International Edition.
2. Text book of Microbiology – R. Ananthanarayanan and C K JayaramPanicker. Orient Longman.
Complementary course III: BC3CMT03-Enzymology and Metabolism
Objective: To introduce the student basics of enzyme catalysis and explain the
majorpathways of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism.
Unit I -Enzymology (16 hours)
Classification of enzymes- six major classes of enzymes with one example each. Cofactors and
coenzymes. Elementary study of the factors affecting velocity of enzyme catalysed reactions- effect of
substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH. Michaelis-Menten
equation(without derivation). Km and its significance. The Lineweaver- Burk plot. Enzyme specificity-
an example each for group specificity, optical specificity, geometrical specificity and cofactor specificity
of enzymes.
Ref: Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayana and U. Chakrapani. Fourth Edition, co-published
by Elsevier Books and Allied (P) Ltd, ISBN: 978-81-312-3601-7, p:86-101
Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson, D. L., Lehninger, A. L., & Cox, M.M.
(2008) 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman andCompany,
New York, p:184-220.
Unit –II Carbohydrate metabolism (16 hours)
Glycolysis (with structure). Fates of pyruvate, lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation. Pyruvate
dehydrogenase reaction, Citric acid cycle (with structure), substrate level phosphorylation, electron
transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycogen metabolism-glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Ref: Biochemistryby U. Satyanarayana and U. Chakrapani.Fourth Edition, co-published by
Elsevier and Books and Allied (P) Ltd, ISBN: 978-81-312-3601-7,p:225-265.
Ref: Lehninger Principles of BiochemistrybyNelson, D. L., Lehninger, A. L., & Cox, M. M.
(2008)5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and Company,
New York, p:528-707.
Unit-III Protein metabolism (12 hours)
General aspects of aminoacid metabolism-Decarboxylation, deamination and transamination of
aminoacids (without molecular mechanism). Urea cycle (with structure). Glucogenic and Ketogenic
amino acids with examples.
Ref: Biochemistry byU. Satyanarayana and U. Chakrapani. Fourth Edition, co-published by
Elsevier and Books and Allied (P) Ltd, ISBN: 978-81-312-3601-7, p:144-375.
Ref: Lehninger Principles of BiochemistrybyNelson, D. L., Lehninger, A. L., & Cox, M. M.
(2008), 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, p:
677-878
Unit IV- Lipid metabolism (10 hours)
Fatty acid biosynthesis (with structure), Oxidation of fatty acids-Fatty acid activation, carnitine shuttle,
β- oxidation (with structure) of fatty acids-explain using palmitic acid and ATP yield . Ketone bodies.
Outline study of cholesterol biosynthesis (without structure).
Ref: Biochemistry byU. Satyanarayana and U. Chakrapani. Fourth Edition, co-published by
Elsevier and Books and Allied (P) Ltd, ISBN: 978-81-312-3601-7, p: 287-309.
Ref: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry byNelson, D. L., Lehninger, A. L., & Cox, M. M.
(2008), 5thEdition, ISBN: 978-0-230-22699-9, Publisher: W. H. Freeman and
Company, New York, p:650-831
Suggested Readings
1. A Text Book of Biochemistryby E.S. West, W.R. Todd, H.S. Mason and J.T. van Bruggen,
2. Harper's Biochemistry by Robert K. Murray , Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor
W. Rodwell, Publisher: Appleton & Lange; 25th Revised edition edition (1 July 1999),
ISBN-10: 0838536840, ISBN-13: 978-0838536841
3. Biochemistry Seventh Edition by Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer,
Publisher: W. H. Freeman; Seventh Edition edition (December 24, 2010), ISBN-10:
1429229365, ISBN-13: 978-1429229364
4. Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons (2011),
Fourth Edition,ISBN-10: 0071737073, ISBN-13: 978-0071737074
5. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. L. Jain, Sunjay Jain, Nithin Jain (2008), Publishers: S.
Chand & Co Ltd ISBN: 81-219-2453-7
Complementary course 4: MB3CMT04 Applied Microbiology

Unit I
Food as substrate for microorganisms. Principles of food preservation-High temperature,Low temperature,
drying, chemical preservation- Production of edible mushrooms-Pleurotus,Agaricus,Volvariella, milk
products-Butter, Cheese. Oriental fermented Food products-Miso,tempeh. Single cell protein,Probiotics.
Microbiological examination of milk. Spoilage –milk,meat
References
1. Principles of Fermentation Technologyby Peter F. Stanbury, Stephen J. Hall, and Allan Whitaker
2. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnologyby Ronald M. Atlas
3. Prescott and Dunn's Industrial Microbiologyby Gerald Reed
4. Industrial Microbiology by Samuel C. Prescot
5. Food Microbiology Frazier
Unit II
Soil microbiology- Microorganisms & interactions. Biogeochemical cycles- Nitrogen and Phosphorous.
Biofertilizers-Rhizobium, Biodegradation of pesticides, Biopesticides, biogas production.
References
1. Agricultural Microbiology Bagraja & Rangaswami
2. Soil Microorganisms & Plant Growth - N.S. Subba Rao
3. Micrbial Echology – Atlas &Bartha
4. Environmental aspects of Microbiology – Joseph C. Daniel
5. Bioremediation Baker & Herson
Unit III
Microbial assessment of water quality, water purification. Aeromicrobiology – definition, Microbilogical
assessment of air quality. A brief account of microbial production of useful products-antibiotics, alcohol,
organic acids and enzymes
References
1. Microbialechology – Atlas &Bartha
2. Environmental aspects of Microbiology – Joseph C. Daniel
Complementary course Practical - Enzymology and Metabolism

Objective:To make the student understand the basic steps involved in extraction
anddetermination of enzyme activity.
1. Extraction of enzymes: (Minimum of 2 experiments to be done)
Acid phosphatase from Fresh Potato (Solanumtuberosum)
β- amylase from Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Urease from Jack bean (Canavaliaensiformis)
2. Enzyme Assay: (Minimum of 2 experiments to be done, enzymes extracted from
above experiment can be used)
Acid phosphatase
β- amylase
Urease from Jack bean
References
Experimental Biochemistry: A Student Companion, Beedu Sasidhar Rao & Vijay Deshpande
(ed), I.K International Pvt. LTD, New Delhi ISBN 81-88237-41-8, p: 173-187
Introductory Practical biochemistry, S. K. Sawhney & Randhir Singh (eds) Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, ISBN 81-7319-302-9, p: 110 – 155
Standard Methods of Biochemical Analysis, S. K. Thimmaiah (ed), Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana ISBN 81-7663-067-5, p: 49- 181, 184 – 255
Complementary course 6- MB4CMP06 Microbiology Practical-II

(36 in semester III and36 in Semester IV)
1. Isolation & Enumeration of microorganisms from soil sample
2. Study of microbial contamination in food products.
3. Analysis of milk quality by Methylene blue reductase test
4. Study of microorganisms in air exposed plate method.
5. Identification of common fungus like Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus by Lactophenol
cotton blue mount examination.
6. Preparation of fungal media
7. Cultivation of fungi study of colony characters of yeast and mold.
8. Microscopic morphology of yeast and molds.
References:
1. Practical Microbiology – R.C Dubey, D.K Maheshwari, S Chand and Company, New Delhi.
2. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology- K R Aneja, New Age International
Publishers
3. Microbiology Laboratory Manual – Cappuccino, Sherman, Pearson Education.
4. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology.
.
SEMESTER IV
Core 12: BT4CRT09 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Module I: 25Hrs
History of significant discoveries in Molecular Biology, Experiments demonstrating DNA as the genetic
material, RNA as genetic material, Structure of DNA and RNA, Physico - chemical properties of DNA,
Organization of DNA in viral, prokaryotes and eukaryotic chromosome
Module II: 10Hrs

Genes - Concept of gene, Gene structure, split genes, Structure of prokaryotic genes, eukaryotic genes
-structure, reading frame and regulatory elements, micro satellites, C-value paradox. Cytoplasmic
genome - chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA.
Module III: 15Hrs
DNA replication - Meselson and Stahl experiment, Replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Structure
and function of enzymes involved in DNA replication.DNA repair: Mismatch repair, excision repair.
Module IV 20 Hrs
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes - initiation, elongation and termination, Transcription
products, Types ofRNA - mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and sn RNA. Genetic code, properties of genetic code,
start codon and termination codon. Wobble Hypothesis. Translation - translation of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic mRNA - initiation, elongation and termination.
ModuleV: 20Hrs
Regulation of Gene expression - Regulatory protein, promoters, activators, repressors, operon concept,
positive and negative regulation, Molecular details of Lac and Trp operon, Transposable elements - IS
elements, composite and non compositetransposons, SINES and LINES.
References:
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology - P. Paolella; Mc. Graw Hill, New York
2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, - J.L. Jain, Sanjay Jain, Nitin Jain, S. Chand Publishers
3. Genetics. A Molecular approach.2ndEdn. - Peter J. Russel.
4. Principles of genetics - Snustad and E J . Gardner, John Wiley publishers.
5. Molecular Biology of the gene - Watson, Baker, Ganu, Bell, Levene, Losiek (Pearson Publication)
7. World of the Cell , Becker, Reece, Poenie, The Benjamin/Cumming’s Pub.
8. Cell Biology ,Lodish et al, W H Freeman and Co.,NewYork.
9. Cell Biology , Thomas D Pollard and W.C.Earnshaw, Saunder’s Publishers
Core13- BT4CRT10 ENZYMOLOGY

Module I: 15Hrs
Enzyme nomenclature and classification.Isolation of enzymes. Extraction of soluble and membrane
bound enzymes. Purification of enzymes: precipitation, dialysis, chromatography and electrophoresis;
criteria for enzyme purity.
Module II: 15Hrs

Structure and properties of enzymes, active site, specificity, specific activity, Multi enzyme complex,
Enzyme unit, Mechanism of enzyme action.Coenzymes and their action, Factors affecting enzyme
activity.
Module III: 12 Hrs

Kinetics of enzyme substrate reactions, Michaelis - Menton equation, MM plot, Lineweaver - Burk
plot.Regulation of enzyme activity-methods.
Module IV: 15Hrs

Inhibition of enzymes, inhibitors, types of inhibition, Mechanism of inhibition -competitive,
uncompetitive and noncompetitive and allosteric inhibition.Cooperativity, Ping-Pong mechanism.
Module V:15 Hrs.

Clinical and industrial application of enzymes, immobilization of enzymes, Biosensors, Synthetic
enzymes, Ribozymes, Abzymes, Enzymes involved in genetic engineering and biodegradation , Enzyme
engineering
References:
1. Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins by
Nicholas C. Price, Lewis Stevens, and Lewis Stevens (2000) Publisher:OxfordUniversityPress,
USAISBN:019850229X ISBN-13: 9780198502296, 978-0198502296
2. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms by Taylor Publisher:SpringISBN:8184890478 ISBN-
13:9788184890471, 978-8184890471
3. Biochemistry (2004) by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
4. Enzyme Mechanism by P.K. Shivraj Kumar (2007) Publisher:RBSA Publishers
ISBN:8176114235 ISBN-13: 9788176114233, 978-8176114233
5. Biochemistry 6th Edition (2007) by Jeremy M.berg John L.tymoczkoLubertStryerPublisher:
B.i.publicationsPvt.LtdISBN:071676766X ISBN-13: 9780716767664, 978-716767
6. Principles Of Biochemistry, 4/e (2006) by Robert Horton H , Laurence A Moran, Gray
Scrimgeour K Publisher: PearsonISBN: 0131977369,
7. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical Chemistry (second Edition)
by Trevor Palmer, Philip Bonner (2007) Publisher:Horwood Publishing Limited
Core 14 - BT4CRT11 BIOPHYSICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
Total hours of instruction: 72 Hours/ week: 4Credit: 4
Module I: 25Hrs
Laws of thermodyanamics, Role of water in living organisms, Enthalpy, Entropy, Freeenergy Basic
principles and biological significance of Osmosis, diffusion, adsorption, surfacetension, colloids,
radioactivity. .
Module II: 10Hrs

Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry, spectroscopy - UV, visible, IR.GM counter, Scintillation counter.
Module III: 15 Hrs

Stabilizing forces in macromolecules, Protein conformation - primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structure, folding - chaperones, DNA conformation and Polymorphism.
Module IV: 10Hrs

Introduction to Bioinformatics, Definition, history, important Biological databases and their Sequence
format: NCBI, GEN BANK, EMBL, SWISSPROT, PDB, Drug bank.
Module V:12Hrs
Tools for global and local alignment studies, FASTA, BLAST, CLUSTAL, MUSCLE
Applications of bioinformatics: phylogenetic analysis, homology modeling, structure
prediction.
References:
1. Bioinformatics - sequence and genome analysis, David W Mount, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory.
2. Biophysics - Vasanthapattabhi, N. Gautham. Kluwer Aca. Pub: Narosa Pub. House.
3. Text book of Biophysics - R.N. Roy, New central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd.
4. Biophysical Chemistry - Upadhyay.
5. Biochemistry - Donald Voet and Judith G Voet: John Wiley Sons, Inc.
6. Biophysics- R N Roy, New Central Agency
7. Algorithms in Bioinformatics - Benson, Ane Books
Core–15 BT4CRP04 – PRACTICAL - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Total hours of instruction: 36 Hours / Week-4 Credit: 4
1. DNA Isolation
2. Separation of DNA by Agarose gel electrophoresis (Demonstration only)
3. Staining of barr body.
4. Problems in mendelian law, linkage, population genetics
References:
1. Molecular gene cloning - Sambrook and Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory.
2. Practical Skills in Biomolecular sciences - Rob Reed, Dand Holmes, JanathanWeyers, Allan
Janes, Long man England.
3. Laboratory investigation in cell and molecular biology. - AllynBregman, 1996. John Wiley &
Sons
Core–15 BT4CRP04 – PRACTICAL - ENZYMOLOGY
Total hours of instruction: 36 Hours / Week-4Credit: 4
1. Estimation of enzyme activity - amylase assay

2. Estimation of clinically important enzymes - SGPT, SGOT
3. Factors affecting enzyme activity
a. effect of p H on enzyme activity
b. effect of temperature on enzyme activity
c. effect of metal ion on enzyme activity
d. effect of inhibitors on enzyme activity
4. Immobilization of enzymes
References:
1. Practical Biochemistry - David Plummer
2. Modern experimental Biochemistry- Rodney Boyer, Pearson education.
Complementary course IV: BC4CMT04- Nutritional and Clinical Biochemistry

Objective: To explain and schematize the nutritional and biological importance of vitamins
and minerals. Explain the clinical significance of organ based function tests and describesthe
biochemical basis of some important metabolic disorders.
Unit I- Nutritional biochemistry (12 hours)
Concepts of nutrition, Nutritional requirements, Principle foods-Cereals,pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts,
milk, egg, meat, fish. Calorific value of foods, Respiratory quotient, Basal metabolic rate. Biological
value of proteins, essential and non-essential amino acids and essential and non-essential fatty
acids.Sources, nutritional importance and deficiency disorders of vitamin A, D, E, K, C, B1, B2,
pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, B12 and folic acid (structure not required). Biological and nutritional
importance of macro and micro mineralscalcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, copper,
selenium and their deficiency disorders.
Ref: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students byVasudevan, D. M., Sreekumari, S,
&Vaidyanathan, K. (2010). Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p: 74,196, 271-281, 300-315,
317, 320,321, 322.
Unit-II Blood (10 hours)
Constituents of Blood, types of blood cells, components of plasma, types of plasma proteins and
functions. Mechanism of blood clotting (Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathway). anticoagulants, fibrinolysis.
Structure of hemoglobin.-Types of hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia.
Ref: Essentials of Medical physiology by Sembulingum, Prema sembulingum 5th
edition Jaypee (2010) p: 49-150
Ref: Harper"s illustrated Biochemistry by R.K Murrayet al 25th edition (1999) Publisher:
Appleton & Langep: 588-632
Unit III- Clinical biochemistry (18 hours)
Basic concepts of clinical biochemistry. Definition and scope of clinical biochemistry in diagnosis.
Sample collection and preservation of blood, plasma, serum and urine. Chemical analysis of blood, urine
and CSF. Liver function tests - total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-globulin ratio. Total and
conjugated bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, GTT. Thyroid function tests- T3 and T4, TSH. Renal
functiontests-Urea, creatinine, urea clearance test and creatinine clearance test (Normal values of the
above tests must be included).
Ref: Text book of Medical Biochemistry by M.N. Chatterjee and Rana Shinde, Jaypee
Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. p: 168 - 202.
Ref: Text Book of Biochemistry by D M Vasudevan and Sreekumari S. Jaypee Brothers,
Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.p: 517 - 525.
Ref: Clinical Biochemistry Principles and Practices by Praful B Godkar, Bhalani
publishing house. Bombay. India. p: 87- 93
Syllabus for B.Sc.Biochemistry Programme (Model I) w.e.f. 2017 Admission
74
Unit IV- Biochemical basis of Metabolic disorders (14 hours)
Biochemical basis of Lactose intolerance, Diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia, galactosemia,
hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, ketosis, obesity.
Ref: Clinical Biochemistry Principles and Practices by Praful B Godkar, Bhalani publishing
house. Bombay. India. p: 258 – 271, 233 – 251, 92 – 117.
Ref: Text Book of Biochemistry by D M Vasudevan and Sreekumari S. Jaypee Brothers,
Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. p: 428 – 451, 480 – 484, 537 - 549.
Ref: - Text book of Medical Biochemistry by M.N. Chatterjee and Rana Shinde,
JaypeeBrothers, Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. p: 668 - 808.
Suggested Readings
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition by David L. Nelson Michael M. Cox.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman; (2004) ISBN-10: 0716743396 ISBN-13: 978-0716743392
2. A Text Book of Biochemistry by E.S. West, W.R. Todd, H.S. Mason and J.T. van Bruggen,
3. Biochemistry (2004) by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN: 047119350X ISBN-13: 9780471193500, 978-0471193500
4. Principles Of Biochemistry (1995) by Geoffrey L Zubay, William W Parson, Dennis E
Vance Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Book Company Koga ISBN:0697142752 ISBN-13:
9780697142757, 978-0697142757
5. Principles Of Biochemistry, 4/e (2006) by Robert Horton H , Laurence A Moran, Gray
ScrimgeourK Publisher: Pearsarson ISBN: 0131977369, ISBN-13:9780131977365, 978-
0131977365
6. Biochemistry 6th Edition (2007) by Jeremy M.berg John L.TymoczkoL Ubert Stryer
Publisher: B.I.publicationsPvt.Ltd ISBN:071676766X ISBN13: 9780716767664, 978-
716767664
7. Biochemistry (2008) by Rastogi Publisher: McgrawHill ISBN:0070527954 ISBN13: 978
0070527959, 978-0070527959
8. Notes on Clinical Biochemistry by John K. Candlish (1992) publisher: World Scientific
Publishing Company ISBN: 9810210663 ISBN-13: 9789810210663, 978-9810210663
9. Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic And Clinical Aspects by William J. Marshall, Stephan K.
Bangert, Elizabeth S.M. Ed. S.M (ed) Marshall (2008) Publisher: Elsevier Science Health
Science Div ISBN: 0443101868 ISBN-13: 9780443101861, 978-0443101861
10. Biochemistry by John K. Joseph (2006) Publisher: Campus Books International ISBN:
8180301109 ISBN -13: 9788180301100, 978-8180301100
11. Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach by Dawn B PH.D. Marks, Allam D.
Marks colleen M. Smith (1996) Publisher; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; illustrated
edition ISBN -10: 068305595X ISBN-13: 978-0683055955
Complementary course5: MB4CMT05 Medical Microbiology
Unit I
Sources of infection. Methods of transfer of infections. Factors determining pathogenic potentials of
microbes. A brief study on bacterial pathogens-Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacteriumdiphtheria,
E.coli, Salmonellatyphi, Shigella, Vibrio cholera and Mycobacteriumtuberculosis
References
1. Ananthanarayanan and Paniker Textbook of Microbiology Orient Longman
Unit II
Introduction to virology – unique properties and structure of viruses. A brief study on viral diseases –Small
pox, chicken pox, polio, influenza, hepatitis, rabies, influenza and AIDS
References
1. Aanthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology R. Ananthanarayan, C.K. JayaramPanikar
2. Prescott/Harley/Klein's Microbiology by Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood, and Chris Woolverton
Unit III
Introduction to mycology, General characters of fungi, classification, cultivation, cultural characters,
microscopic morphology. Mycotoxins. Abreif study on diseases caused by fungi. Pytiriasis,
Dermatophytoses& Candidiasis
References
1. Ananthanarayanan and Paniker Textbook of Microbiology Orient Longman
2. Microbiology M.J.Pelczar,Jr. ECSChan and N.R.Krieg Tata McGraw-Hil
Complementary course Practical II- BC4CMP02- Nutritional and Clinical
Biochemistry
Objective: To introduce the student protocols of quantitative analysis ofbiomolecules using
colorimetric technique and to familiarize qualitative analysis of body fluids
1. Estimation of Carbohydrates: (Colorimetric) (Any 2 to be done)
Quantitation of total sugars by phenol sulphuric acid method
Estimation of reducing sugars by dinitrosalicylate method
Determination of fructose by Roe’s resorcinol method
2. Separation and Estimation of Lipids: (Colorimetric) (Any 1to be done)
Estimation of Cholesterol by Zak’s method
Determination of saponification value of fats
Determination of iodine number of oils
3. Estimation of Proteins and Amino acids: (Colorimetric) (Any 2 to be done)
Estimation of protein by Lowry’s method
Determination of protein by Biuret method
Estimation of tryptophan by Spies and Chamber’s method
4. Estimation of Minerals and Vitamins (Colorimetric) (Any 1 to be done)
Colorimetric estimation of iron in foodstuffs by ά άdipyridyl method
Quantitative determination of thiamine in cereals and food
Estimation of ascorbic acid in Lemon juice
5. Qualitative tests of urine: Abnormal constituents) (Any 2 to be done)
Proteins (Coagulation test, sulfosalicylic acid test, test for Bence-Jones proteins)
Sugars (Benedicts test)
Haemoglobin (Benzidine test)
Ketone bodies (Rothera test, Gerhardt’s test)
Bile pigments (Fouchet’s test, Gmelin’s test) Bile salts (Hay’s test)
References
Deshpande (ed), I.K International Pvt. LTD, New Delhi ISBN 81-88237-41-8, p: p 81-126.
Publishing House, New Delhi, ISBN 81-7319-302-9, p: 15 – 109.
3. Standard Methods of Biochemical Analysis, S. K. Thimmaiah (ed), Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana ISBN 81-7663-067-5, p: 49- 181, 184 – 255.
SEMESTER-V
Core 16- BT5CRT12 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Module I: 25Hrs
Introduction to genetic engineering.Steps of genetic engineering. Enzymes in genetic engineering -
Restiction endonucleases, DNA ligases, Adapters, Linkers, alkaline phosphatase, polynecleotide kinase,
Terminal transferase, S1 nuclease, RNAase H, DNA polI, Klenow fragment, Taq polymerase, Reverse
transcriptase.
Module II: 20Hrs

Gene cloning vectors. Plasmid vectors - features, pUC and pBR322. Bacteriophage vectors - Lambda,
M13. Cosmids.Vectors for animal and plant cell.Shuttlevectors.YAC.BAC.
.
Module III: 20 Hrs
Gene transfer methods - CaCl2 mediated, Electroporation, Microinjection, Lipofection. Particle
Bombardment, Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. Shotgun and cDNAcloning.Genomic library.
Module IV: 18 Hrs

Screening and Selection of recombinants, Colony hybridization, Marker genes, reporter genes,
Insertional inactivation, Blue-white screening and Blotting techniques, Southern, Northern and Western.
Module V:25 Hrs.

DNA sequencing.Chromosomewalking.Application of genetic engineering -.Recombinant insulin.
Transgenic plants - Herbicide and pest resistance. Super bug-calabolic plasmids, BT
cotton.Molecularpharming.Gene therapy.
References:
1. Principles of Gene manipulation and Genomics. - S.B. Primrose and R.M. Twyman. Blackwell
Publication
2. Biotechnology - Fundamentals and applications. - S.S. Purohit and S.K. Mathur.Agrobotanica
publications.
3. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis. - T.A. Brown. Blackwell Publication.
4. Recombinant DNA - Genes and Genomes. - James D. Watson, Any A candy, Richard M.M, Jan
A Witkowski. W.H. Freeman and Company Publication.
5. Genes X- Lewin, Jones and Bartlett learning.
7. Genomes: T A Brown, John Wiley & Sons
CORE 17- BT5CRT13- ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Module I: 12Hrs
Concept, structure, components and function of ecosystem - producer, consumer, decomposer, abiotic
components. Ecological succession, Food chains, food webs, energy flow in ecosystem. Biogeochemical
cycles - nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle. Energy resources: Renewable and non renewable energy resources,
use of alternate energy resources.
Module II: 15Hrs

Environmental pollution- air, soil and water pollution with suitable case studies, global warming, green
house effect, acid rain, smog, hazards of nuclear fallout. Ozone layer depletion, depletion of natural
resources, Pesticide pollution
Module III: 20Hrs

Characteristics of waste water –COD, BOD, TOC, Suspended solids, Total dissolved solids, chlorides,
acidity, alkalinity. Bacteriological analysis of drinking water, presumptive, completed and confirmed
tests, Coagulation, Disinfection by chlorination, Biodegradation of organic compounds. Types of
reactions in biodegradation.Biodegradation of hydrocarbons, cellulose and lignin. Molecular biology of
biodegradation,
Reference:
1. Microbial ecology: Fundamentals and Applications - Atlas and Bartha, Pearson Education
2. Environmental Chemistry - Anil Kumar. De Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi
Module IV: 15Hrs

Treatment of waste water, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Biological treatment of waste
water- aerobic methods, floc and film based processes Activated sludge process, Trickling filter process,
Aerobic pond. Anaerobic process- Methanogenesis, Single and double stage reactors.Solid waste
management- anaerobic treatment and land filling.Composting.
Module V:10Hrs
Environmental laws: Environment protection act, Air and Water (Prevention and control of Pollution)
Act, Wild life protection Act, Forest conservation Act.
References:
1. Biocatalysts and biodegradation - Lowrence P Wackett and Daglas Hershberger. ASM Press,
Washington
2. Environmental Chemistry - Anil Kumar. De Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi
3. Microbial ecology: Fundamentals and Applications - Atlas and Bartha, Pearson Education
4. Biotechnology: The Science and Buissiness - V. Mopses and R.E. Capes
5. Environmental Science: Earth as living planet - Daniel B Bottein and Edward. A. Keller, John
Wiley Sons.
6. Essential Environmental Studies - S. P. Misra, S. N. Pande, Ane Books Pvt.Ltd.

7.. Ecology and environment - Sharma P.D
Core 18 - BT5CRT14 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Module I: 10 Hrs
History of animal cell culture.Basic requirements of animal cell culture.Laboratory
setupandequipment’s.
Module II: 18Hrs

Culture media - natural, synthetic and serum containing media. Role of hormones.Preparation and
sterilization of media.Importance of growth factors of the serum.
Module III: 25 Hrs

Primary cell cultures - Anchorage dependent and anchorage independent cells secondary cell
cultures - Transformed animal cells, Established/continuous cell lines. Characteristics of cells
in culture. Maintenance of cell lines, commonly used animal cell lines-their origin and
characteristics.
Module IV: 25 Hrs

Cell differentiation. Stem cells. Organ culture or 3D culture. Large scale culture of cell lines -
monolayer culture, suspension culture and immobilized culture. Bioreactors for large scale
culture of cells. Insect and virus cell culture.
Module V: 30 Hrs
Application of animal cell culture - Production of monoclonal antibody, Production ofvaccines.
Production of specific metabolites.Transgenic animals - Transgenic Mice, fish andcow. Knock-out and
Knock-in Technology. Animal cell culture for medical and cancerresearch.
References:
1. Animal cell culture (IIIrd edition) A practical approach. - John R.W. Masters
2. Animal Biotechnology. - R. Sasidhara.
3. Animal biotechnology – Raja, Florence Periera. Dominant publishers New Delhi. 2006.
4. In vitro cultivation of animal cells. - Open University, Netherlands. New Delhi, Butter Worth -
Heinemann, 1994.
5. Insect Cell Cultures: Fundamental and Applied Aspects. - Edited by Just M. Vlak, Cornelis D. de
Gooijer, Johannes Tramper, Herbert G. Miltenburger. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York.
BT5OPT01- Open Course - Paper -I (A/B/C)
BT5OPT01A -TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
Module I: 12Hrs
Introduction to plantcell and tissue culture Construction, Design and basic requirements of plant tissue
culture lab
Module II: 15Hrs

Introduction to animal cell culture. Construction, Design and basic requirements of animal cell
cultureLaboratory.
Module III: 15Hrs

Plant cell culture medium - Media preparation and methods of sterilization and
standardization. Surface sterilization of explants. Factors affecting plant cell culture. Callus
culture
Module IV: 15Hrs

Animal cell culture medium - Media preparation and methods of sterilization. Surface
sterilization of primary explants. Factors affecting animal cell culture.
ModuleV:15Hrs
Animal cloning, Medical, industrial and agricultural applications of animal cell and plant cell
culture.
References:
1. Animal cell culture: A Practical Approach - John R.W. Masters. Pub
2. A text book of Animal Biotechnology- B Singh • S K Gautam • M S Chauhan • S K Singla. The
energy and resources Institute.
3. Animal biotechnology – Raja, Florence Periera. Dominant publishers New Delhi, 2006.
4. In vitro cultivation of animal cells - Open University, Netherlands. New Delhi, Butter Worth -
Heinemann, 1994
5. Plant tissue culture Theory and Practice - S.S Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan., Elsevier
6. Plant tissue culture - S.P. Misra.Ane Books India
7. Plant biotechnology - Ignacimuthu, Oxford and IBH pub.
8. R.Sasidhara, Animal Biotechnology MJP publishers-Chennai.
9. Plant biotechnology – J Hammond, et. al., Springer Verlag.
10. Practical application of plant molecular biology – R J Henry, Chapman & Hall.
BT5OPT01B - BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Total hours of instruction: 72Hours/ week: 4 Credit: 3
Module I: 15 Hrs
Natural raw materials: classification, physicochemical and biological properties, exploitation ofthe
natural waste materials through biotechnology, preparation of nutritive and cost effectivesubstrates for
industrial application.
References:
1. Module II: 15Hrs
Chemical fertilizers - disadvantages. Biofertilizers- advantages, types. Nitrogen fixing
organisms, Azospirillum, Azolla, Rhizobium, Lichens, Cyanobacterium. Mycorrihza
References:
Module III: 15Hrs
Solid waste management - Composting, types, different stages in composting, types of
composting - pile, windrow composting, microorganisms in composting, temperature profile
in composting, advantages of composting, vermicomposting.
References:
1. Waste water Microbiology - Gabriel Bittan
2. Text Book of Biotechnology - R.C. Dubey
3. Essentials of Biotechnology - R.C. Sobi and Suparna S. Pachauri. Ane Books
Module IV: 15Hrs
Biopesticides, biofilters, biopolymers, biofuels, biosurfactants, mushroom cultivation, Biogas
production, Waste to energy,
1. Essentials of Biotechnology - R.C.Sobi&Suparna S. Pachauri. Ane Books
2. Biotechnology: fundamentals and Applications - Purohith and Mathur, Agrobotanical Publishers,
India.
Modul V: 12Hrs
Biotechnology in aqua culture , development of probiotics, diagnostic probes, extraction of
marine natural products through biotechnology.
References
1. Biotechnology - An introduction by Susan R Barnum, Thomsun Publishers.
2. Biotechnology: fundamentals and Applications - Purohith and Mathur, Agrobotanical
Publishers, India.
3. Waste water Microbiology - Gabriel Bittan
4. Applied Zoology - Zoological Society of India
5. Essentials of Biotechnology - R.C.Sobi&Suparna S. Pachauri. Ane Books
Publishers, India.
7. Environmental biotechnology - R.A Sharma
8. Text Book of Biotechnology - R.C. Dubey
9. Advanced Environmental biotechnology - S.K. Agarwal
Publishers, India.
11. Comprehensive Biotechnology. Second edition, Elsevier, 2011, Murray Mor. Young (Editor in
chief). ISBN-978-0-08-088504-9
BT5OPT01C -IPR AND PATENTS

Module I: 12Hrs
General guidelines for DNA research, containment facilities and biosafety practices, specialguidelines
in India.
Module II: 15Hrs

Forms of IPR - patent, design and copyright: Patents:different types of intellectualproperty, Introduction
to patent law and conditions for patentability; Procedure forobtaining patents; Rights of a patentee;
Patent infringements; Biotechnology patents andpatents on computer programs; Patents from an
international perspective.
Module III: 15Hrs
Copyright: Registration procedure and copyright authorities; Assignment and transfer ofcopyright,
Copyright infringement and exceptions to infringement; Software copyright.
Module IV: 15Hrs

Contents of patent specification and the procedure for patents; (a)Obtaining patents; (b)
Geographical indication; (c) WTO; Detailed information on patentingbiological products; Plant
breeders’ and farmer’s rights; Biodiversity; Budapest treaty;Appropriate case studies.
Module V:15Hrs
IPR laws: Rights/protection, infringement or violation, remedies against infringement: civil
and criminal; Indian Patent Act 1970 and TRIPS; IPR forms, IPR in India, patents, process of
patenting, Indian and International agencies involved in patenting, GATT
References:
1. P. Narayanan, Intellectual Property Laws, Eastern Law House.2001
2. Meenu Paul, Intellectual Property Laws, Allahabad Law Agency.2009
3. Intellectual Property Law containing Acts and Rules, Universal Law Publication Company.
4. John E. Smith,Biotechnology,3rdEd.CambridgeUniversity Press.
5. Prithipal Singh,An Introduction to Biodiversity, Ane Books India, 2007.
6. B R Goel,An Introduction to Biodiversity, Arise Pub, 2006.
7. Nirmal Chandra Pradhan,Basics of Biodiversity,Anmol, 2008.
8. Biodiversity and Environmental Biotechnology- PadmanabhDwivedi; S K Dwivedi and M
C Kalita,Scientific, 2007.Chapman and Reiss, Ecology principles and applications. Cambridge
University.
9. Environmental biologyJobes A. M.,,Routledge, London.
10. Fundamentals of ecologyOdum E. P and Barret G W. W. B Saunders company, Philadelphia.
Core 19- BT5CRP05 PRACTICAL
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Competent cell preparation

2. Transformation of the competent cell
3. Isolation of Plasmid
4. Enumeration of Total number of heterotrophic bacterial population in water samples
5. Bacteriological analysis of drinking water- Presumptive, completed and confirmed tests
6. Estimation of alkalinity
7. Estimation of acidity
8. Estimation of total solids, suspended and dissolved solids
9. Estimation of Dissolved oxygen
10. Estimation of Chemical oxygen demand
11. Estimation of Biological oxygen demand
References:
1. Biotechnology: Fundamentals and applications - S.S. Purohit and S.K Mathur, Agrobotanica
publications.
2. Recombinant DNA: Genes and Genomes - James D Watson, Any A candy,Richard M.M, Jan A
Witkowski. W.H. Freeman and Company Publication.
3. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis - T.A. Brown. Blackwell Publication.
SEMESTER VI
Core 21 BT6CRT15 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Total hours of instruction: 90 Credit:4 Hours/ week: 5
Module I: 15 Hrs
Plant tissue culture- a historical approach. Basic requirements and setting up of a plant tissue culture
lab, hardening centre/green house.
Module II: 25Hrs

Tissue culture media.Media preparation. Role of growth hormones.Totipotencyandcyto-differantiation,
Various stages of micropropagation.
Module III: 20 Hrs

Types of culture-Callus culture, Suspension culture and single cell culture.
Somaclonalvariation.Organogenesis and Embryogenesis. Artificial seeds, Meristem culture.
Haploidproduction-ovary, ovule, anther and pollen culture.
Module IV: 20 Hrs

Plant protoplast–isolation,cultureandsomatichybridization.Cybridsandhybrids.Applications of
protoplast culture.Maintenance and storage of plant cell.Germplasm conservation and gene bank.
Module V: 10 Hrs
Applications of plant cell culture. Gene transfer techniques in plants, Role of Agrobacterium in
genetransfer. Ti plasmid, Binary vector, Ri plasmid
References:
1. Plant tissue culture Theory and Practice - S.S Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan., Elsevier
2. Plant tissue culture - S.P. Misra.Ane Books India
3. Plant Breeding - B.D. Singh.
4. Plant cell and tissue culture - S. Narayanaswamy
5. Plant biotechnology - Ignacimuthu, Oxford and IBH pub
6. Plant biotechnology – J Hammond, et. al., Springer Verlag
7. Practical application of plant molecular biology – R J Henry, Chapman & Hall
Core 22– BT6CRT16 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Module I: 15Hrs
Introduction to industrial biotechnology, Advantages of bioprocess over chemical process, Fermentation
- definition, types -submerged and solid state, applications of fermentation. Industrially important
microbial metabolites.
References:
1. Principles of Fermentation technology - Stanbury et al. Wiley publishers
2. Industrial Microbiology - Prescot
Module II: 20Hrs

Isolation and screening of industrially important microorganisms, primary and secondary
screening.Methods of screening. Identification of the selected organism. Methods of strain improvement
- Mutation, Protoplast fusion and Genetic Engineering.
References:
2. Industrial Microbiology - Prescot
Module III: 15Hrs

Medium designing in fermentation, Defined and undefined medium, carbon and Nitrogen
sources.Precursors, inducers, inhibitors and antifoam agents.Effect of pH, temperature and salt
concentration in fermentation.Optimization of the process of fermentation.
References:
2. Industrial Microbiology - Cassida
Module IV: 20Hrs

Bioreactor, typical bioreactor, Criteria for the designing of a bioreactor, parts of a bioreactor,
Instrumentation of the bioreactor, types of bioreactors – Airlift fermenters, CSTR, Deep bed,Cyclone
column and Tower reactors, Mode of culturing of microorganisms -Batch, continuous, fed batch
culture systems.
References:
1. Biotechnology: The biological Principles. - Trevan et al., Tata McGraw Hill Edn.
ModuleV: 20Hrs
Methods of downstream processing- centrifugation, filtration and chromatographic techniques.
Fermentative production of enzymes - amylase, protease, antibiotics - Penicillin, organicacids –
glutamic acid, citric acid, alcohol, Immobilization of microbial cells.
References:
1. Principles of Fermentation Technology, P.F.Stanbury, A Whitaker and S.J.Hall, , 2008. Elsevier
2. Bioprocess Technology, P.T.Kalichelvan and I Arul Pandi, , 2009,MJP Publishers, Chennai.
3. Bioprocess Engineering,M.Shuler&F.Kargi (2002). Prentice Hall (I) Ltd., N.Delhi.
4. Bioprocess Technology- Kinetics and reactors ,Antan Moser and Philip Manor,.1998, Springer
5. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology ,E.M.T. Mansi, C.F.A . Bryce. A.L..Dmain,
A.R.Alliman. ,2009, Taylor and Francis. New York
6. Industrial Microbiology, Cassida L.E. 1968.John Wiley and Sons Publishers.
Publishers, India
8. Biotechnology: The biological Principles. Trevan et al., Tata McGraw Hill Edn.
9. Biotechnology - An introduction by Susan R Barnum, Thomsun
Core 23- BT6CBT01- CHOICE BASED COURSE (A/B/C)
BT6CBT01A –BIOINFORMATICS
Module I: 15 Hrs
Introduction to bioinformatics- definition, history andsignificance.Careers in bioinformatics, genomics,
transcriptomics, proteomics.
Module II: 25Hrs

Collection and storage of database, Submission of sequences, biological databases, NCBI,EMBL,
DDBJ, Genbank, PDB, Swissprot, Sequence formats- FASTA/Pearson and EMBL,
Genpept, Phylip formats.
Module III: 25Hrs

Alignment of pairs and sequences: definition of sequence alignment- global alignment, localalignment,
alignment of sequence pairs- dot matrix analysis, FASTA and BLAST, multiplesequence alignment
CLUSTALW
Module IV: 15 Hrs

Computational biology, Rasmol, phylogenetic analysis, homology modeling, Protein
function-structure prediction.
Module V : 10Hrs
Applications of Bioinformatics: pharmaceutical industry, immunology, agriculture, forestry, basic
research, chemiinformatics in biology, geoinformatics.
References:
1. Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics - James D. Tisdall; Paperback.Bioinformatics: Sequence and
Genome Analysis - David W Mount. Cold Spring Harbour Lab Press, New York.
2. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evaluation - Paul G Higgs and Teresa K. Attwood, Blackwell
Publishers
3. Algorithams in Bioinformatics – Benson, Anne books
4. Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills - Cynthia Gibas, Per Jambeck.
5. Molecular Biophysics- Volkenstain M.V, Academic Press
6. Stephen Misener and S. A. Krawetz. Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols. Humana Press.
2000.
7. Rastogi, S.C, N. Mendiratta, P. Rastogi. Bioinformatics Methods and Applications. Prentice Hall
of India, 2004.
CHOICE BASED COURSES
BT6CBT01B NANOTECHNOLOGY
Module I: 20Hrs
Nanotechnology-definition, advantages applications, material science, nanomedicine
emerging trends, scope, research potential, Nanotechnology in India.
Module II: 25Hrs
Nanomaterials, types, examples, nanoemulsions, poly amino acid micelles, dendrimers, albumin
designing of nanomaterials, selection of nanomaterials, physicochemical and biological properties,
interaction of the drug with nanomaterials
Module III: 15Hrs
Drug delivery- principle, receptor mediated endocytosis, delivering systems, method of
targeting, labeling of the carrier, mechanism and site of drug action, Blood brain barrier
Module IV: 15Hrs
Targeted diseases, cancer, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular problems, diabetics, AIDS.
Enhanced permeability and retention effect, applications of short interfering RNA
Module V: 15 Hrs
Nanotechnology in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics- nanowires, nanoshells, quantum dots,
dendrimers, liposomes, nanopyramids, nanogels.
References:
1. An Introduction to materials - B.D. Ratner, A.S. Hoffman, F.J. Schoen and J.E. Lemons.
Biomatrial Science. Elsevier 2004.
2. Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry - C. Brechignas, P. Hoody and M. Lemani. Springer-Verlag.
2007.
3. Nanotechnology in Catalysis - David J. Lockwood. Volume 3, Springer Science, 2007.
4. Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and applications. - A.S. Eddstein and R.C. Cammarate.
Institute of Physics, U.K. 1998.
5. Introduction to Nanotechnology - John Wiley & sons 2008.
6. Microfabrication and Nano manufacturing - Jackson MJ, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, 2006.
7. Peptide - derivatized biodegradable nanoparticles able to cross the blood brain barrier. -
Costantino L, Gandolfi F, Tosi G, Rivasi F, Vandelli MA, Forni F (2005). J Control Release
1981: 84-96.
8. Michaelis K, Hoffmann MM, Dries S, Herbert E, Alyautdin RN, Michaelis M, Kreuter J, Langer
K (2006). Covalent linkage of aplipoproteine to albumin nanoparticles strongly enhances drug
transport into the brain. J PharmacolExpTher 3: 1246-1253
9. Zhang D, Tan T, Gao L, Zhao W, Wang. P. (2007). Preparation of azithromycin nanosuspensions
by high pressure homogenization and its physicochemical characteristic studies. Drug DevInd
Pharm 33: 569-575.
10. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - V.S. Muralidharan and A. Subramania. Anne Book Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi.
CHOICE BASED COURSES
BT6CBT01C DISEASES AND DIAGNOSTIC BIOTECHNOLOGY
Module I: 15 Hrs
Microbes and parasites: Historical introduction; Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoas, Helminthes and
Arthropods, Prions; Host-parasite relationship; Infection-mode of transmission in infection, factors
predisposing to microbial pathogenecity, types of infectious diseases.
Reference:
1. Medical Microbiology (1997). Edited by Greenwood. D, Slack. R and Peutherer. J, ELST
Publishers.
2. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology (2002). Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm, Alice S.
Weissefeld, Ernest A Trevino. Published by C.V. Mosby
Module II: 15 Hrs

Molecular genetics of Genetic Disorders-Heamoglobinopathies-Sickle cell aneamia, Beta
Thalassemia.Musculardisordrers-Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy.Triplet disorders-Fragile X
syndrome, Huntington’s disease, Myotonic dystrophy. Genetic disorders-cystic fibrosis, Alzheimers
disease. Chromosomal disorders-autosomal,sex chromosomal.
Reference :
Module III: 20 Hrs

DNA diagnostics of genetic and Chromosomal disorders. Identifying disease genes-position
independent strategies,positionalcloning.PCR based diagnostics. Ligation chain reaction.Southern blot
diagnostics. Array based genetic profiling. single nucleotide polymorphism. Karyotyping analysis,G-
banding, FISH. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
Reference:
1. Forensic DNA typing 2nd Edn by John M Butler.Academic Press
2. Human Molecular Genetics 2.Tom Strachen and Andrew P read.Garland Publishers
Module IV: 20 Hrs

DNA typing- Specimen collection, acquisition processing and analysis. Disputed paternity
analysis.Ancestry- Mitochondrial. Forensic Science-Standard STR testing, Y-STR testing,
Mitochondrial sequencing, SNP testing.
Module V :20Hrs
Cancer diagnostics- Special karyotyping, Molecular testing of BRCA1 and BRCA 2.Tumor markers.
Viral disease diagnostics-HIV, Avian Flu, Chikungunya, Swine fever-RT-PCR, ELISA, F-Ab testing,
Immunoarrays, Electron microscopy.
Reference:
1. Cancer Diagnostics with DNA microarrays. Steen Knudsen.Wiley Publication
2. Current Medical diagnostics and treatment.Stephen J McPhee and Maxine A Papadakis. McGraw
Hill Lange Publishers
3. Emerging infectious diseases By Felissa R. Lashley, Jerry D. Durham. Springer Publishing
Company.Infectious disease epidemiology byNelson. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.
4. Genetics. A Molecular approach.2ndEdn. Peter J Russel.
5. Molecular diagnostics for the clinical laboratarian by William B Coleman and Gregory J
Tsongalis.Humana Press Publishers.
6. Genes in Medicine Molecular biology and human genetic disorders.Rasko, I., Downes,
C.S.Springer Publication.
7. Genes and Disease by Bathesda.NCBI.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books.
8. Essential Medical Genetics, 5th Edition.Michael Connor, M. Ferguson Smith.Wiley Publication.
Core 24 - BT6CRP06 -PRACTICAL
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Total hours of instruction: 90 Hours/week:5 Credit: 4
1. Preparation of medium for plant tissue culture

2. Surface sterilization of explants
3. Inoculation and callus initiation of plant tissue culture
4. Meristem culture
5. Determine the potability of provided water sample by MPN technique.
6. Separation of plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis
7. Isolation of industrially important microorganism
8. Secondary screening of industrially important microorganism
9. Fermentative production of microbial metabolites-Submerged
10. Immobilization of bacteria for metabolite production.
12. Screening of the amylase producing isolates from soil.
References:
1. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom Cultivation - K.R.
Aneja; WishwaPrakashan, New Delhi.
2. Biotechnology Fundamentals and application - Purohit and Mathur, Agro botanical Publishers,
New Delhi.
3. Biotechnology: Fundamentals and applications - S.S. Purohit and S.K Mathur, Agrobotanica
publications
4. Practical Skill in Biomolecular Sciences - Rob Reed, David Holmes, Jonathan Weyers, Allan
Jones. Logman publishers, U.K.
5. Microbiological Applications: A Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology - Harold. J.
Benson, WCB publishers.
6. Plant, Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Fundamental Methods - Gamborg and Phillips, Narosa
Publishers.

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MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

SCHEME AND SYLLABUS

CORE AND COMPLEMENTARY COURSES

AS PER THE NEWLY INTRODUCED C.B.C.S PROGRAMME

Duration of the course 4

(Prepared by Board of Studies and Faculty)

DURATION OF THE COURSE

Sem Sl No Course Inst. Credits

I Sem Compl.-2 Microbiology-1 2 - 2

Compl.-11 Practical Biochemistry-3 - 2 1

Compl.-12 Practical Microbiology-3 - 2 1

IV Sem Compl 14 Microbiology-4 2 - 2

VI Sem Core23 BT6CBT01-Choice Based Course(A/B/C) 5 - 4

Total Credits 120

Choice based Course

Module II: 15 Hrs

Module III 15 Hrs

Module IV: 15 Hrs

Core 2 - BT1CRT02 METHODOLOGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Module III: 25Hrs

Module IV: 15Hrs

Core 3- BT1CRP01 PRACTICAL-BASIC BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

1. Cross section of Anther

Complementary course I: BC1CMT01-Elementary Biochemistry

Unit-I Physical Aspects of Biochemistry (10 hours)

Unit-II - Membrane Biochemistry (8 hours)

Unit-III - Plant Biochemistry (8 hours)

Unit-IV- Techniques in Biochemistry (10 hours)

Complementary course I: MB1CMT01 Fundamentals of Microbiology-1

Complementary course Practical I- Elementary Biochemistry

Complementary course 3- MB2CMP03 Microbiology Practical-I

Module II: 15Hrs

Module II: 15 Hrs

Module III: 20 Hrs

Module IV: 15Hrs

2. Essential Environmental Studies - S. P. Misra, S. N. Pande, Ane Books Pvt.Ltd.

Core 7- BT2CRP02 PRACTICAL- CELL BIOLOGY

1. Examination of different kinds of cells - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Complementary course II: BC2CMT02-Biomolecules

Complementary course 2: MB2CMT02 Fundamentals of Microbiology-II

Complementary course Practical II- BC2CMP01- Biomolecules

Core 9- BT3CRT07 GENETICS

CORE10 BT3CRT08 BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION

Module IV: 8Hrs

Core11 BT4CRP03– Practical- Immunology

Complementary course 4: MB3CMT04 Applied Microbiology

Complementary course Practical - Enzymology and Metabolism

Complementary course 6- MB4CMP06 Microbiology Practical-II

Module II: 10Hrs

Core13- BT4CRT10 ENZYMOLOGY

Module II: 15Hrs

Module III: 12 Hrs

Module IV: 15Hrs

Module V:15 Hrs.

Core 14 - BT4CRT11 BIOPHYSICS AND BIOINFORMATICS

Total hours of instruction: 72 Hours/ week: 4Credit: 4

Module II: 10Hrs

Module III: 15 Hrs

Module IV: 10Hrs