1 x2

Phụ lục I: Giá trị hàm mật độ xác suất ϕ(x) = √ e− 2

2π

x 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.3989 0.3989 0.3989 0.3988 0.3986 0.3984 0.3982 0.3980 0.3977 0.3973
0.1 0.3970 0.3965 0.3961 0.3956 0.3951 0.3945 0.3939 0.3932 0.3925 0.3918
0.2 0.3910 0.3902 0.3894 0.3885 0.3876 0.3867 0.3857 0.3847 0.3836 0.3825
0.3 0.3814 0.3802 0.3790 0.3778 0.3765 0.3752 0.3739 0.3726 0.3712 0.3697
0.4 0.3683 0.3668 0.3653 0.3637 0.3621 0.3605 0.3589 0.3572 0.3555 0.3538
0.5 0.3521 0.3503 0.3485 0.3467 0.3448 0.3429 0.3410 0.3391 0.3372 0.3352
0.6 0.3332 0.3312 0.3292 0.3271 0.3251 0.3230 0.3209 0.3187 0.3166 0.3144
0.7 0.3123 0.3101 0.3079 0.3056 0.3034 0.3011 0.2989 0.2966 0.2943 0.2920
0.8 0.2897 0.2874 0.2850 0.2827 0.2803 0.2780 0.2756 0.2732 0.2709 0.2685
0.9 0.2661 0.2637 0.2613 0.2589 0.2565 0.2541 0.2516 0.2492 0.2468 0.2444
1.0 0.2420 0.2396 0.2371 0.2347 0.2323 0.2299 0.2275 0.2251 0.2227 0.2203
1.1 0.2179 0.2155 0.2131 0.2107 0.2083 0.2059 0.2036 0.2012 0.1989 0.1965
1.2 0.1942 0.1919 0.1895 0.1872 0.1849 0.1826 0.1804 0.1781 0.1758 0.1736
1.3 0.1714 0.1691 0.1669 0.1647 0.1626 0.1604 0.1582 0.1561 0.1539 0.1518
1.4 0.1497 0.1476 0.1456 0.1435 0.1415 0.1394 0.1374 0.1354 0.1334 0.1315
1.5 0.1295 0.1276 0.1257 0.1238 0.1219 0.1200 0.1182 0.1163 0.1145 0.1127
1.6 0.1109 0.1092 0.1074 0.1057 0.1040 0.1023 0.1006 0.0989 0.0973 0.0957
1.7 0.0940 0.0925 0.0909 0.0893 0.0878 0.0863 0.0848 0.0833 0.0818 0.0804
1.8 0.0790 0.0775 0.0761 0.0748 0.0734 0.0721 0.0707 0.0694 0.0681 0.0669
1.9 0.0656 0.0644 0.0632 0.0620 0.0608 0.0596 0.0584 0.0573 0.0562 0.0551 .
2.0 0.0540 0.0529 0.0519 0.0508 0.0498 0.0488 0.0478 0.0468 0.0459 0.0449
2.1 0.0440 0.0431 0.0422 0.0413 0.0404 0.0396 0.0387 0.0379 0.0371 0.0363
2.2 0.0355 0.0347 0.0339 0.0332 0.0325 0.0317 0.0310 0.0303 0.0297 0.0290
2.3 0.0283 0.0277 0.0270 0.0264 0.0258 0.0252 0.0246 0.0241 0.0235 0.0229
2.4 0.0224 0.0219 0.0213 0.0208 0.0203 0.0198 0.0194 0.0189 0.0184 0.0180
2.5 0.0175 0.0171 0.0167 0.0163 0.0158 0.0154 0.0151 0.0147 0.0143 0.0139
2.6 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0126 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110 0.0107
2.7 0.0104 0.0101 0.0099 0.0096 0.0093 0.0091 0.0088 0.0086 0.0084 0.0081
2.8 0.0079 0.0077 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0065 0.0063 0.0061
2.9 0.0060 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055 0.0053 0.0051 0.0050 0.0048 0.0047 0.0046
3.0 0.0044 0.0043 0.0042 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0035 0.0034
3.1 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025
3.2 0.0024 0.0023 0.0022 0.0022 0.0021 0.0020 0.0020 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018
3.3 0.0017 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014 0.0013 0.0013
3.4 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009
3.5 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006
3.6 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004
3.7 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
3.8 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
3.9 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001
 Z x
1 t2
Phụ lục II: Giá trị hàm phân bố xác suất Φ(x) = √ e− 2 dt
2π −∞

x 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
.
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
 Phụ lục III: Giá trị tới hạn tα (n) của phân bố Student

df α = 0.2 α = 0.1 α = 0.05 α = 0.025 α = 0.01 α = 0.005 α = 0.001 α = 0.0005

1 1.376 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.309 636.619
2 1.061 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327 31.599
3 0.978 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215 12.924
4 0.941 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
5 0.920 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869
6 0.906 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959
7 0.896 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
8 0.889 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
9 0.883 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
10 0.879 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587
11 0.876 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437
12 0.873 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318
13 0.870 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221
14 0.868 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
15 0.866 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073
16 0.865 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015
17 0.863 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965 .
18 0.862 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
19 0.861 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
20 0.860 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850
21 0.859 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819
22 0.858 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
23 0.858 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.768
24 0.857 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
25 0.856 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725
26 0.856 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707
27 0.855 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690
28 0.855 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
29 0.854 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659
30 0.854 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646
31 0.853 1.309 1.696 2.040 2.453 2.744 3.375 3.633
32 0.853 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365 3.622
33 0.853 1.308 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733 3.356 3.611
34 0.852 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348 3.601
df α = 0.2 α = 0.1 α = 0.05 α = 0.025 α = 0.01 α = 0.005 α = 0.001 α = 0.0005
35 0.852 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 3.340 3.591
36 0.852 1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333 3.582
37 0.851 1.305 1.687 2.026 2.431 2.715 3.326 3.574
38 0.851 1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319 3.566
39 0.851 1.304 1.685 2.023 2.426 2.708 3.313 3.558
40 0.851 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551
41 0.850 1.303 1.683 2.020 2.421 2.701 3.301 3.544
42 0.850 1.302 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 3.296 3.538
43 0.850 1.302 1.681 2.017 2.416 2.695 3.291 3.532
44 0.850 1.301 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 3.286 3.526
45 0.850 1.301 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690 3.281 3.520
46 0.850 1.300 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 3.277 3.515
47 0.849 1.300 1.678 2.012 2.408 2.685 3.273 3.510
48 0.849 1.299 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 3.269 3.505 .
49 0.849 1.299 1.677 2.010 2.405 2.680 3.265 3.500
50 0.849 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261 3.496
51 0.849 1.298 1.675 2.008 2.402 2.676 3.258 3.492
52 0.849 1.298 1.675 2.007 2.400 2.674 3.255 3.488
53 0.848 1.298 1.674 2.006 2.399 2.672 3.251 3.484
54 0.848 1.297 1.674 2.005 2.397 2.670 3.248 3.480
55 0.848 1.297 1.673 2.004 2.396 2.668 3.245 3.476
56 0.848 1.297 1.673 2.003 2.395 2.667 3.242 3.473
57 0.848 1.297 1.672 2.002 2.394 2.665 3.239 3.470
58 0.848 1.296 1.672 2.002 2.392 2.663 3.237 3.466
59 0.848 1.296 1.671 2.001 2.391 2.662 3.234 3.463
60 0.848 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
120 0.845 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.160 3.373
∞ 0.842 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291
 Phụ lục IV: Giá trị tới hạn χ2α (n) của phân bố khi-bình phương

df χ20,995 χ20,99 χ20,975 χ20,95 χ20,90 χ20,10 χ20,05 χ20,025 χ20,01 χ20,005
1 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 12.833 15.086 16.750
6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188
11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
.
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.559
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928
26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 36.741 40.113 43.195 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.993
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 39.087 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.336
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672
40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.051 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
50 27.991 29.707 32.357 34.764 37.689 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.154 79.490
60 35.534 37.485 40.482 43.188 46.459 74.397 79.082 83.298 88.379 91.952
70 43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 55.329 85.527 90.531 95.023 100.425 104.215
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.278 96.578 101.879 106.629 112.329 116.321
90 59.196 61.754 65.647 69.126 73.291 107.565 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.169