Energetics(SL)- MCQ [63 marks]

1. What is the energy, in kJ, released when 1.00 mol of carbon monoxide is [1 mark]
burned according to the following equation?

2CO(g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) ΔH Θ = −564kJ

A. 141
B. 282
C. 564
D. 1128

2. The specific heat of iron is 0.450 J g−1 K −1 . What is the energy, in J, [1 mark]
needed to increase the temperature of 50.0 g of iron by 20.0 K?
A. 9.00
B. 22.5
C. 45.0
D. 450

3. Which of the following reactions are exothermic? [1 mark]

I. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2 O
II. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2 O
III. Br2 → 2Br
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
4. Which combination is correct about the energy changes during bond [1 mark]
breaking and bond formation?

5. Which statements are correct for an exothermic reaction? [1 mark]

I. The products are more stable than the reactants.
II. The enthalpy change, ΔH , is negative.
III. The temperature of the surroundings increases.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

6. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 0.900 J g−1 K −1 . What is the [1 mark]
heat energy change, in J, when 10.0 g of aluminium is heated and its temperature
increases from 15.0 °C to 35.0 °C?
A. +180
B. +315
C. +1800
D. +2637

7. The reaction between methane and oxygen is exothermic. [1 mark]

CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(g)
Which statement is correct?
A. The total bond enthalpies of the reactants are less than the total bond
enthalpies of the products.
B. The total bond enthalpies of the reactants are greater than the total bond
enthalpies of the products.
C. The total energy released during bond formation is less than the total energy
absorbed during bond breaking.
D. The activation energy is the difference between the total bond enthalpies of the
products and the total bond enthalpies of the reactants.
8. Which combination is correct for the exothermic reaction that occurs [1 mark]
between zinc and copper sulfate solution.

9. A 5.00 g sample of a substance was heated from 25.0 °C to 35.0 °C using [1 mark]
2.00 × 102 J of energy. What is the specific heat capacity of the
substance in J g−1 K −1 ?

A. 4.00 × 10−3
B. 2.50 × 10−1
C. 2.00
D. 4.00

10. Using the equations below: [1 mark]

C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH Θ = −390kJ

H2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) → H2 O(l) ΔH Θ = −286kJ
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(l) ΔH Θ = −890kJ
what is ΔH Θ , in kJ, for the following reaction?
C(s) + 2H2 (g) → CH4 (g)
A. –214
B. –72
C. +72
D. +214
11. A simple calorimeter was set up to determine the enthalpy change [1 mark]
occurring when one mole of ethanol is combusted. The experimental
−1 −1
value was found to be −867kJ mol . The Data Booklet value is −1367kJ mol
(at 298 K and 1.01 × 105 Pa).
During the experiment some black soot formed.
Which statements are correct?
I. The percentage error for the experiment can be calculated as follows:

(1367 − 867) × 100%

II. The difference between the two values may be due to heat loss to the
surroundings.
III. The black soot suggests that incomplete combustion occurred.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

12. Consider the equations: [1 mark]

N2 (g) + 2H2 (g) → N2 H4 (l) ΔH Θ = +50.6kJ mol−1

N2 H4 (l) → N2 H4 (g) ΔH Θ = +44.8kJ mol−1
What is ΔH Θ , in kJ, for the following reaction?
N2 (g) + 2H2 (g) → N2 H4 (g)
A. −95.4
B. −5.80
C. +5.80
D. +95.4
13. A student measured the temperature of a reaction mixture over time [1 mark]
using a temperature probe. By considering the graph, which of the
following deductions can be made?

I. The reaction is exothermic.

II. The products are more stable than the reactants.
III. The reactant bonds are stronger than the product bonds.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

14. Which process is endothermic? [1 mark]

A. CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(g)
B. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2 O(l)
C. CaCO 3 (s) → CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
D. H2 O(g) → H2 O(l)
15. Consider the following enthalpy of combustion data. [1 mark]

C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH Θ = −xkJ mol−1

H2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) → H2 O(l) ΔH Θ = −ykJ mol−1
C2 H6 (g) + 3 12 O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2 O(l) ΔH Θ = −zkJ mol−1
−1
What is the enthalpy of formation of ethane in kJ mol ?

2C(s) + 3H2 (g) → C2 H6 (g)

A. [(−x) + (−y)] − (−z)
B. (−z) − [(−x) + (−y)]
C. [(−2x) + (−3y)] − (−z)
D. (−z) − [(−2x) + (−3y)]

16. When 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 HCl is mixed with 100 cm3 of [1 mark]
1.0 mol dm−3 NaOH, the temperature of the resulting solution increases by 5.0
°C. What will be the temperature change, in °C, when 50 cm 3 of these two
solutions are mixed?
A. 2.5
B. 5.0
C. 10
D. 20

17. Which statement about bonding is correct? [1 mark]

A. Bond breaking is endothermic and requires energy.
B. Bond breaking is endothermic and releases energy.
C. Bond making is exothermic and requires energy.
D. Bond making is endothermic and releases energy.
18. Consider the following reactions. [1 mark]

Cu2 O(s) + 12 O2 (g) → 2CuO(s) ΔH Θ = −144kJ

Cu2 O(s) → Cu(s) + CuO(s) ΔH Θ = +11kJ
What is the value of ΔH Θ , in kJ, for this reaction?

1
Cu(s) + O (g) → CuO(s)
2 2
A. −144 + 11
B. +144 − 11
C. −144 − 11
D. +144 + 11

19. Which processes have a negative enthalpy change? [1 mark]

I. 2CH3 OH(l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H2 O(l)
II. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2 O(l)
III. H2 O(g) → H2 O(l)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

20. Consider the following reactions. [1 mark]

N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO(g) ΔH Θ = +180kJ

2NO2 (g) → 2NO(g) + O2 (g) ΔH Θ = +112kJ
What is the ΔH Θ value, in kJ, for the following reaction?
N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g)
A. −1 × (+180) + −1 × (+112)
B. −1 × (+180) + 1 × (+112)
C. 1 × (+180) + −1 × (+112)
D. 1 × (+180) + 1 × (+112)

3 −3
21. At 25 °C, 200 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 nitric acid is added to 5.0 g of [1 mark]
magnesium powder. If the experiment is repeated using the same mass of
magnesium powder, which conditions will result in the same initial reaction rate?

22. Which statement is correct given the enthalpy level diagram below? [1 mark]

A. The reaction is endothermic and the products are more thermodynamically

stable than the reactants.
B. The reaction is exothermic and the products are more thermodynamically
stable than the reactants.
C. The reaction is endothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically
stable than the products.
D. The reaction is exothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically
stable than the products.
23. Identical pieces of magnesium are added to two beakers, A and B, [1 mark]
containing hydrochloric acid. Both acids have the same initial
temperature but their volumes and concentrations differ.

Which statement is correct?

A. The maximum temperature in A will be higher than in B.
B. The maximum temperature in A and B will be equal.
C. It is not possible to predict whether A or B will have the higher maximum
temperature.
D. The temperature in A and B will increase at the same rate.

24. Which equation best represents the bond enthalpy of HCl? [1 mark]
A. HCl(g) → H+ (g) + Cl− (g)
B. HCl(g) → H(g) + Cl(g)
C. HCl(g) → 12 H2 (g) + 12 Cl2 (g)

D. 2HCl(g) → H2 (g) + Cl2 (g)

25. The standard enthalpy changes for the combustion of carbon and carbon [1 mark]
monoxide are shown below.

C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔHcΘ = −394kJ mol−1

CO(g) + 12 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔHcΘ = −283kJ mol−1
What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction?

1
C(s) + O (g) → CO(g)
2 2
A. –677
B. –111
C. +111
D. +677
26. Which is correct about energy changes during bond breaking and bond [1 mark]
formation?

27. Which processes are exothermic? [1 mark]

I. Ice melting
II. Neutralization
III. Combustion

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

28. Which is true for a chemical reaction in which the products have a higher [1 mark]
enthalpy than the reactants?

29. In a reaction that occurs in 50 g of aqueous solution, the temperature of [1 mark]

the reaction mixture increases by 20 °C. If 0.10 mol of the limiting
−1
reagent is consumed, what is the enthalpy change (in kJ mol ) for the reaction?
Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2kJ−1 K −1 .
A. −0.10 × 50 × 4.2 × 20
B. −0.10 × 0.050 × 4.2 × 20
−50×4.2×20
C. 0.10
−0.050×4.2×20
D. 0.10
30. Use the average bond enthalpies below to calculate the enthalpy change, [1 mark]
in kJ, for the following reaction.

H2 (g) + I2 (g) → 2HI(g)

A. +290
B. +10
C. –10
D. –290

31. When some solid barium hydroxide and solid ammonium thiosulfate were [1 mark]
reacted together, the temperature of the surroundings was observed to
decrease from 15 °C to –4 °C. What can be deduced from this observation?
A. The reaction is exothermic and ΔH is negative.
B. The reaction is exothermic and ΔH is positive.
C. The reaction is endothermic and ΔH is negative.
D. The reaction is endothermic and ΔH is positive.

32. Which process represents the C–Cl bond enthalpy in tetrachloromethane? [1 mark]
A. CCl4 (g) → C(g) + 4Cl(g)
B. CCl4 (g) → CCl3 (g) + Cl(g)
C. CCl4 (l) → C(g) + 4Cl(g)
D. CCl4 (l) → C(s) + 2Cl2 (g)

33. Some water is heated using the heat produced by the combustion of [1 mark]
magnesium metal. Which values are needed to calculate the enthalpy
change of reaction?
I. The mass of magnesium
II. The mass of the water
III. The change in temperature of the water
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
34. Which expression gives the mass, in g, of ethanol required to produce [1 mark]
683.5 kJ of heat upon complete combustion?
(Mr for ethanol = 46.0, ΔH cθ = −1367 kJ mol−1 )
683.5
A. 1367×46.0
1367
B. 683.5×46.0
683.5×46.0
C. 1367
1367×46.0
D. 683.5

35. Which expression gives the enthalpy change, ΔH, for the thermal [1 mark]
decomposition of calcium carbonate?

A. ΔH = ΔH1 − ΔH2
B. ΔH = 2ΔH1 − ΔH2
C. ΔH = ΔH1 − 2ΔH2
D. ΔH = ΔH1 + ΔH2

36. In which order does the oxygen–oxygen bond enthalpy increase? [1 mark]
A. H2O 2 < O2 < O3
B. H2O 2 < O3 < O2
C. O2 < O3 < H2O 2
D. O3 < H2O 2 < O2
37. What can be deduced from this reaction profile? [1 mark]

A. The reactants are less stable than the products and the reaction is
exothermic.
B. The reactants are less stable than the products and the reaction is
endothermic.
C. The reactants are more stable than the products and the reaction is
exothermic.
D. The reactants are more stable than the products and the reaction is
endothermic.

38. Why is the value of the enthalpy change of this reaction calculated from [1 mark]
bond enthalpy data less accurate than that calculated from standard
enthalpies of formation?
2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
A. All the reactants and products are gases.
B. Bond enthalpy data are average values for many compounds.
C. Elements do not have standard enthalpy of formation.
D. Standard enthalpies of formation are per mole.

39. What can be deduced from the facts that ozone absorbs UV radiation in [1 mark]
the region of 340 nm and molecular oxygen in the region of 242 nm?
A. The bond between atoms in molecular oxygen is a double bond.
B. The bonds in ozone are delocalized.
C. The bonds between atoms in ozone are stronger than those in molecular
oxygen.
D. The bonds between atoms in molecular oxygen need more energy to break.
40. Which change of state is exothermic? [1 mark]
A. CO2(s) → CO2(g)
B. H2O(l) → H2O(g)
C. NH3(g) → NH3(l)
D. Fe(s) → Fe(l)

41. The C=N bond has a bond length of 130 pm and an average bond [1 mark]
enthalpy of 615kJmol-1. Which values would be most likely for the C-N
bond?

42. When 25.0cm3 0.100moldm−3 NaOH(aq) is mixed with 25.0cm3 [1 mark]

0.100moldm−3 HCl(aq) at the same temperature, a temperature rise, ∆T,
is recorded. What is the expression, in kJ mol−1, for the enthalpy of neutralisation?
(Assume the density of the mixture = 1.00 g cm−3 and its specific heat
capacity=4.18kJkg−1K−1 =4.18Jg−1K−1)
A. − 25.0×4.18×Δ
50.0×0.100
T

B. − 25.0×4.18×Δ
25.0×0.100
T

C. − 50.0×4.18×Δ
50.0×0.100
T

D. − 50.0×4.18×Δ
25.0×0.100
T

43. Hydrazine reacts with oxygen. [1 mark]

N2H4(l) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔHθ = -623 kJ
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of N2H4(l) in kJ? The standard enthalpy
of formation of H2O(l) is -286 kJ.
A. -623 - 286
B. -623 + 572
C. -572 + 623
D. -286 + 623

−1
44. What is the enthalpy of formation of ethyne, in kJmol−1, represented by [1 mark]
the arrow Y on the diagram?

A. −788−286+1301
B. −788−286−1301
C. +788+286−1301
D. +788+286+1301

45. In which reaction do the reactants have a lower potential energy than the [1 mark]
products?
A. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
B. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br(g)
C. Na+(g) + Cl-(g) → NaCl(s)
D. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

46. Which equation represents the average bond enthalpy of the Si−H bond [1 mark]
in SiH4?

A. SiH4(g)→SiH3(g)+H(g)
B. 14 SiH4 (g) → 14 Si(g) + H(g)
C. SiH4(g) → SiH3(g) + 12 H2(g)
D. SiH4 (g) → Si(g) + 4H(g)
47. 5.35g of solid ammonium chloride, NH4Cl(s), was added to water to form [1 mark]
25.0g of solution. The maximum decrease in temperature was 14 K. What
is the enthalpy change, in kJmol-1, for this reaction? (Molar mass of NH4Cl =
53.5gmol-1; the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.18 Jg-1K-1)
25.0×4.18×(14+273)
A. ΔH = + 0.1×1000

B. ΔH = − 25.0×4.18×14
0.1×1000

C. ΔH = + 25.0×4.18×14
0.1×1000

D. ΔH = + 25.0×4.18×14
1000

48. Which processes are exothermic? [1 mark]

I. CH3 COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3 COONa(aq) + H2 O(l)
II. 2C(s) + O2 (g) → 2CO(g)
III. C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

49. Which equation corresponds to the bond enthalpy of the H–I bond? [1 mark]
A. HI(g) → 12 H2 (g) + 12 I2 (g)
B. HI(g) → 12 H2 (g) + 12 I2 (s)
C. HI(g) → H+ (g) + I− (g)
D. HI(g) → H(g) + I(g)

50. Which combination is correct for the standard enthalpy change of [1 mark]
neutralization?
51. When four moles of aluminium and four moles of iron combine with [1 mark]
oxygen to form their oxides, the enthalpy changes are –3338 kJ and –
1644 kJ respectively.
4Al(s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Al2 O3 (s) ΔH = −3338kJ
4Fe(s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Fe2 O3 (s) ΔH = −1644kJ
What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the reduction of one mole of iron(III) oxide
by aluminium?

Fe2 O3 (s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2 O3 (s)

A. +1694
B. +847
C. −847
D. −1694

52. Which enthalpy changes can be calculated using only bond enthalpy [1 mark]
data?
I. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
II. C2 H5 OH(l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2 O(g)
III. CH4 (g) + Cl2 (g) → CH3 Cl(g) + HCl(g)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

53. The enthalpy change for the reaction between zinc metal and copper(II) [1 mark]
−1
sulfate solution is −217kJ mol . Which statement about this reaction is
correct?
A. The reaction is endothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture
initially rises.
B. The reaction is endothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture
initially drops.
C. The reaction is exothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture initially
rises.
D. The reaction is exothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture initially
drops.
54. Consider the following equations. [1 mark]
2Fe(s) + 1 12 O2 (g) → Fe2 O3 (s) ΔHΘ = x
CO(g) + 12 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔHΘ = y
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction below?

Fe2 O3 (s) + 3CO(g) → 3CO2 (g) + 2Fe(s)

A. 3y − x
B. 3y + x
C. −3y − x
D. −3y + x

55. Which statement is correct for the reaction with this enthalpy level [1 mark]
diagram?

A. Heat energy is released during the reaction and the reactants are more
stable than the products.
B. Heat energy is absorbed during the reaction and the reactants are more
stable than the products.
C. Heat energy is released during the reaction and the products are more stable
than the reactants.
D. Heat energy is absorbed during the reaction and the products are more
stable than the reactants.
56a. The enthalpy changes of three reactions are given below. [1 mark]
2HCOOH(l) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(l) ΔH = a
C2 H5 OH(l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2 O(l) ΔH = b
2HCOOC2 H5 (l) + 7O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2 O(l) ΔH = c
What is the enthalpy change for the following reaction?

HCOOH(l) + C2 H5 OH(l) → HCOOC2 H5 (l) + H2 O(l)

A. a+b+c
B. a + 2b − c
C. 12 a + b + 12 c

D. 12 a + b − 12 c

56b. The specific heat capacities of two substances are given in the table [1 mark]
below.

Which statement is correct?

A. More heat is needed to increase the temperature of 50 g of water by 50 °C
than 50 g of ethanol by 50 °C.
B. If the same heat is supplied to equal masses of ethanol and water, the
temperature of the water increases more.
C. If equal masses of water at 20 °C and ethanol at 50 °C are mixed, the final
temperature is 35 °C .
D. If equal masses of water and ethanol at 50 °C cool down to room
temperature, ethanol liberates more heat.
57. The table shows information about temperature increases when an acid [1 mark]
and an alkali are mixed.

What is the value of y?

A. 12 x
B. x
C. 2x
D. 4x

58. What is the value of ΔH for the exothermic reaction represented by the [1 mark]
diagram below?

A. y−z
B. z − y
C. x − z
D. z − x

59. What is the temperature rise when 2100 J of energy is supplied to 100 g [1 mark]
of water? (Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2J g−1 K −1 .)
A. 5 °C
B. 278 K
C. 0.2 °C
D. 20 °C
60. Which processes are exothermic? [1 mark]
I. CH3 CH2 CH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2 O(g)
II. Cl2 (g) → 2Cl(g)
III. CH3 CH2 COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3 CH2 COONa(aq) + H2 O(l)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

61. Consider the following two equations. [1 mark]

2Ca(s) + O2 (g) → 2CaO(s) ΔH Θ = +xkJ
Ca(s) + 0.5O2 (g) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) ΔH Θ = +ykJ
What is ΔH Θ , in kJ, for the following reaction?
CaO(s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s)
A. y − 0.5x
B. y − x
C. 0.5 − y
D. x − y

62. Which statement is correct for the enthalpy level diagram shown? [1 mark]

A. The reaction is exothermic and the products are more stable than the
reactants.
B. The reaction is exothermic and the sign of the enthalpy change is positive.
C. The reaction is endothermic and the sign of the enthalpy change is negative.
D. The reaction is endothermic and the products are more stable than the
reactants.
 63. [N/A]

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