4.12 Limiting Reagents

Name:
___________________________________________________ Date: _______________________________________ Score: _______/_______
4.12 Experiment: Limiting and Excess Reactants
Curriculum Expectations: A1-2,4,8,10,11,12,13; D2.1,6,7

Learning Goals
D2.6 solve problems related to quantities in chemical reactions by performing calculations involving
• Identifying limiting and excess reagents in a chemical reaction based on lab observations.
percentage yield and limiting reagents [AI] D2.7 conduct an inquiry to determine the actual yield,
• Conducting chemical experiments in a safe and efficient fashion
theoretical yield, and percentage yield of the products of a chemical reaction (e.g., a
• Utilizing research to support your findings.
Mind’s On
Questions 3 - 9: Set the simulation to Make Water.

Questions 10 - 15: Set the simulation to Make Ammonia.

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/reactants-products-and-leftovers/latest/reactants-products-and-
leftovers_en.html
Introduction

In this investigation you will study a double displacement reaction of aqueous copper (II) chloride and
sodium hydroxide:

<=<A& ()*) + 2:B;@()*) → <=(;@)& (,) + 2:B<A)*

The limiting reagent controls the amount of the product formed – this is because as soon as one reactant is
consumed, the reaction stops since there are no longer particles of that reactant available for reaction. The
reaction is limited by the availability of this reagent. You will use observations and calculations to confirm
the identity of the limiting and excess reagents.

Purpose

In this lab students will use observations to confirm the identity of the limiting and excess reagents. Students
will synthesize and then separate copper(II) hydroxide to find the actual yield and calculate the percentage
yield.

Materials
250 ml beaker 1.04 g CuCl2

250 ml Erlenmeyer flask 1.04 g NaOH
funnel graduated cylinder
filter paper 100 mL of distilled water
stirring rod balance
SCH3U: Lab Manual - Ms. Perdu 42

Name: ____________________________________ Date: ___________________________ Score: _____/_____
Procedure: A flow chart

Watch the video shown below to get familiar with the step-by-step procedure for this lab.

https://youtu.be/_lhEAyjtij8

Create a procedural flow-chart in your lab notebook (use diagrams, bullet points, numbered points,
and/or arrows),

Pre-lab

Task 1: Answer the following questions in your notebook

1. Complete and balance the following reaction. Once done, write out the colors of each reactant and
product underneath. (2 marks)
<=<A& ()*) + :B;@()*) →
_____________________ ____________________ _____________________ ____________________

2. Hypothesis: Predict which reagent will be the limiting reagent. (2 marks).
If _______________________________ is the limiting reagent (what will you observe/see at the end of the
reaction?)
Then ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Because________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Clearly show your calculations for the limiting and excess reagent. Calculate the theoretical yield of the
desired product from the limiting reagent? Show your calculations. (6 marks)

4. How much of an excess reagent is left after the reaction goes to completion? Show your calculations.
(2 marks).

Task 2: Carefully read this lab manual. Complete the online pre-lab quiz found under the Quizzes tab on
D2L. You only get one attempt.

Observations

Table 1: Qualitative Observations

Reaction mixture after completion.
Copper(II) chloride solution sodium hydroxide solution
What chemical changes do you see?

Table 2: Quantitative Observations

Mass of the product with a filter paper (g) Mass of a filter paper (g) Mass of the product (g)


Analysis and Calculations

Theoretical Yield = ____________ g Actual Yield = ______________ g (without the excess reagent)

% Yield =

Conclusion

(10 marks) – Must be typed (1 page). Glue to your notebook.

This is the most important part of the report. It is where you describe on what you have learned from the
investigation and report on what can be concluded form the observations and analysis. Your conclusions must
support and explain your data, rather than be contradicted by your data. (Do not conclude what you think you
are supposed to get if your data does not support it.) It should always reflect what was stated in the purpose of
the lab, what was measured in the experiment and how close the results are to the expected/actual values There
should also be an indication of how successful the lab was and how accurate the results of the experiment are.

For your conclusion you should focus on the following:
• Always start with a clear sentence to explain what you did in the experiment.
• State the purpose of the lab and how did you get your results (do not restate your procedure).
• It should be clear from the analysis section how you arrived at your conclusion.
• According to your observations, which reactant was present in excess? Explain
• According to your observations, which reactant was the limiting reagent? Explain.
• Do stoichiometric calculations agree with your observations of the limiting reagent?
• Which reactant would you rather have in excess and why?
• Discuss how you were able to separate any excess reagent from the product.
• What was your actual yield? Discuss your percentage yield.
• If possible, discuss how successful the lab was and how accurate the results of the experiment are.
• two possible sources of error to explain your yield and two ways to improve it.

WORKS CITED (APA documentation): You can ADD to this work cited!!!
Jenkins, Frank, Hans van Kessel, Lucille, Davies, Oliver Lantz, Patricia Thomas, and Dick Tompkins, Nelson
Chemistry 11. Ontario Edition. Toronto, ON: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2002.

Limiting Reagents Sample Lab. Anti Essays. Retrieved November 26, 2014, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Limiting-Reagents-Sample-Lab-587466.html

Post-lab
Complete the post-lab quiz found under the quiz tab on D2L. You only get one attempt.


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Name:

_________________ Date: _ Score: _/_____

4.12 Experiment: Limiting and Excess Reactants

Curriculum Expectations: A1-2,4,8,10,11,12,13; D2.1,6,7

Questions 3 - 9: Set the simulation to Make Water.

250 ml beaker 1.04 g CuCl2

SCH3U: Lab Manual - Ms. Perdu 42

Procedure: A flow chart

SCH3U: Lab Manual - Ms. Perdu 43

SCH3U: Lab Manual - Ms. Perdu 44

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