E2language Ielts Topic Toolkit e Bookpdf - Compress

IELTS
20X
TOPIC
TOOLKITS
TO BOOST
YOUR
SCORE
Essay topics | Sample Essays | Speaking
Questions | Resources | Vocabulary
For IELTS Academic & General
E2LANGUAGE 2020
INDEX
To pi c 1 Animals
To pi c 2 Art
To pi c 3 Communication
To pi c 4 Crime
To pi c 5 Culture and Society
To pi c 6 Education
To pi c 7 Entertainment
To pi c 8 Environment
To pi c 9 Family
To pi c 10 Food and Farming
To pi c 11 Global Issues
To pi c 12 Health
To pi c 13 Media
To pi c 14 Money
To pi c 15 Science and Technology
To pi c 16 Space
To pi c 17 Sport
To pi c 18 Transport
To pi c 19 Travel
To pi c 20 Work
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How to use the E2
IELTS Topic Toolkits
1. Use the essay topics to brainstorm and practise writing Task 2s

for the IELTS Writing test.
2. Use the speaking questions to practise answering typical IELTS

questions. Use them with a friend or record yourself and listen back.
3. Follow the links in the resources section to read articles, listen to

podcasts and watch videos on the toolkit topic. Use the resources to
• see/hear authentic English in use
• discover ideas and language to use in your test
• learn new vocabulary
• practise reading/listening for overall meaning and detail
4. The sample essays are written by ex-IELTS examiners. Analyse

their structure, linking and language.
5. Add your own translations and sample sentences to the

vocabulary list. Transform the words into flash cards or read them
into your phone to use as spelling tests. There’s extra space to add
your own words too—perhaps those you discover in the resources.
Watch this YouTube video from the E2 IELTS team for more
information about using the Topic Toolkits.
E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 1 of 101

Topic 1: Animals
___________________________
Essay topics
Zoos are inhumane and pointless. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Wild animals serve no purpose in the modern world and trying to save them is a waste of
money. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people believe that humans should be able to use animals for their own benefit,
while others argue that the rights of animals should be protected. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.
What kind of care it needs/needed

and say how you feel/felt about it.
Describe a wild animal you’re interested in.
You should say: what it is
what it looks like
what you know about it
and say whether you will be able to see it in real life.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about zoos.!

Why do most cities have a zoo?
How can zoos help people and animals?!
Why are some people against zoos?!
Do you think zoos have more benefits or more problems?!
In the future, how could zoos be improved?
Let’s talk about animals.

What are some ways that people use animals?
In your country, has the way people used animals changed much?
Why are some people passionate about animal welfare and others less so?
In the future, do you think more people will become vegetarian due to their concern
for animal welfare?
tion
University
3 of 101
Sample Essay
Topic:
Zoos are inhumane and pointless. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Love them or loathe them, zoos have been part of the cityscape for over 150 years.
Recently, however, many have questioned their value and the quality of care
provided to the animals. Personally, I feel that zoos are cruel, pointless and ought to
be phased out.
Although many zoos have made great improvements over the years, there can be
no doubt that the captive animals suffer. Not only are the enclosures usually far too
small, but the climate and conditions are often completely unsuitable. Polar bears,
for instance, travel across vast distances of ice daily and yet, in some tropical
regions, they are kept in small pens with only a tiny pool for relief. In addition to this
discomfort, zoo animals can suffer stress as a result of being kept with unfamiliar
and unrelated cage-mates, not to mention the crowds of noisy visitors.
In terms of conservation, while zoos can assist in the preservation of endangered

species, this effort is ultimately futile. The Sumatran tiger, for example, has been
successfully bred in captivity, however, having been reared by humans, the captive
t
4 of 101
Vocabulary - Animals
Word / Meaning Translation Related Example My example
Phrase words
captive (adj) imprisoned, (in) captivity Zoos exhibit captive

confined animals.
carnivore (n) a meat-eating carnivorous (adj) A lion is a carnivore.

animal
cattle (n) cows (or similar Australia has a large

animals) raised for cattle farming
milk or meat industry.
endangered (adj) seriously at risk of endanger (v) Pandas are

extinction endangered.
extinct (adj) having no living extinction (n) Dinosaurs went

members extinct 65 million
years ago.
fauna (n) animals The native fauna is

unique.
to forage (v) search widely for forager (n) Possums forage at

food night.
fur (n) the soft short hair furry (adj) The cat’s fur is grey.
of certain animals
5 of 101
Vocabulary - Animals

Phrase words
predator (n) hunter, killer predation (n), A lion is an apex

predate (v) predator.
predatory (adj)
prey (n) an anime that is prey on (v) A fish is a shark’s

killed by another prey.
for food.
wildlife (n) wild animals This is a great place

to see local wildlife.

Topic 2: Art
___________________________
Essay topics
Many governments spend a lot of money on art. Some people think this investment in art
is necessary, but others say the money is better spent on improving health and education.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
All students should study art and music in school. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Modern technology has made it possible for people to view exhibitions at home, so
museums and art galleries will disappear soon. To what extent do you agree or disagree?!
Advances in science and technology have made great changes to the lives of ordinary
people, but artists such as musicians, painters and writers are still highly valued. What can
the arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?
rds,
nt

Part 2 Topic Talks:
Describe an artwork (a painting, drawing, sculpture or decorative object)

that you like.!
You should say: What the piece of art is!
Where and when you saw it!
What it looks like or what it shows!
and explain why you like this piece of art.
Describe a gallery or museum you know about.

You should say: Where it is
What you know about it
Why people visit it
and say whether you would like to visit it in the future.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about creativity.!

Do you think creativity can be learned, or is it a natural talent?
How can parents help develop their child’s creativity?
How important is creativity in the workforce?
Ricci, C. Research shows cutting arts education a loss to all, The Age
Robertson, T. Arts in prison: why cut our chances to create crime-free futures,
The Guardian
Kisida, B. & Bowen, D. New evidence of the benefits of arts education, Brookings
‘Don’t stop the music’ : Harnessing the power of music, RN Breakfast, ABC
Radio National
Art or vandalism? 6-minute English, BBC
Creating art and meaning from waste, ABC Education!

What makes art good or bad? ABC Education
8 of 101
Sample Essay
Topic:
Many governments spend a lot of money on art. Some people think this investment
in art is necessary, but others say the money is better spent on improving health
and education. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
It is generally accepted that art enriches a society and plays a valuable role in its culture
and history. Although some support government investment in galleries, artistic
organisations and other art-related matters, others feel that this money should be spent on
public services. In this essay, I will consider both views and explain why I agree that state
funding of the arts should be redirected.
Those who support government funding usually argue that it is essential to maintain a
healthy arts scene. In Australia, the government pours millions of dollars into this sector,
with the National Gallery alone receiving over $8 million annually. Such institutions, it is
claimed, are pillars of society, and money from the government makes them more
accessible. Indeed, it is free to enter most public galleries and museums in Australia,
thanks to the government’s support. Smaller arts groups and emerging artists also benefit
vive,
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ogy or
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9 of 101
Vocabulary - Art
Phrase words
aesthetic (adj / n) relating to the aesthetically She appreciates the

enjoyment or study (pleasing) (adv) aesthetic quality of
of beauty the building.
abstract (adj) using shapes, He is most famous for

lines, and colour in his abstract pieces.
a way that does not
try to represent
reality
artefact (n) an object made by The museum

a person, such as contains many
a tool or artefacts from the
decoration, usually local area.
of historical interest
artwork (n) a piece of art The government paid

for a new artwork
next to the freeway.
canvas (n) a heavy, closely The painter started a

woven fabric fresh canvas.
carve (v) to make something carving (n) He carved a figure

by cutting into carver (n) from the wood.
wood or stone (for
example)
0 of 101
Vocabulary - Art

Phrase words
masterpiece (n) a work of art made Da Vinci’s

with great skill masterpiece, Mona
Lisa, hangs in the
Louvre.
moving (adj) emotional, touching move (v) The musical tribute

moved (adj) was so moving that
people cried.
portrait (n) painting, drawing, portraiture (n) The president’s

sculpture etc of a portrait was painted
person after the election.
priceless (adj) too valuable to be The priceless artwork

measured by price is kept locked in a
safe.
prolific (adj) present in large The painter was

numbers, plentiful prolific; he painted
300 pieces in 2 years.
sculpture (n) the art of making sculpt (v) The sculptor created
two- or three- sculptor (n) a life-size horse in
dimensional wood.
representative or
abstract forms
1 of 101
Topic 3: Communication
___________________________
Essay topics
Some people believe that handwriting is no longer useful in the modern world and should
not be taught in schools. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
These days the internet is easily accessible to children. Is this a positive or a negative
development?
Nowadays people use social media to keep in touch with others and be aware of the
news. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Speaking
Describe a speech that somebody gave and you heard.
You should say: Who gave the speech
What the topic was
How you felt at the time
and say what you liked or disliked about the speech.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about communicating online.!

What are some ways people communicate online?
What are some of the benefits of using the internet to communicate?
Are there any drawbacks of communicating online?
Do you think older people and younger people feel differently about this kind of
communication?
Let’s talk about public speaking.

When do people tend to give speeches in your culture?
Why do you think people fear public speaking so much?
What are the important aspects of a good speech?
Can anyone learn to be a good public speaker, do you think?
Sample Essay
Topic:
Some people think that because of email, social media and telephones,
communication among people is less personal now than it used to be. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Communication between people has never been faster or easier than it is now,
thanks to the development of information technology and the Internet in particular.
Some people, however, claim that despite these advancements, people’s
communication is more superficial, and lacking genuine interaction. While I agree
that this is true to some extent, I feel that the modern tools of email, mobiles and
social media platforms create wider networks and greater intimacy.
Certainly, it could be argued that more traditional methods of communicating had a

more personal touch. Take the handwritten letter as an example. It used to be the
case that to contact someone living abroad, we had to write out a letter or card by
hand, buy a stamp and envelope, take it to the post office, and wait for weeks until it
reached its destination. Upon arrival, it is easy to imagine that the recipient felt a
Vocabulary - Communication
Phrase words
articulate (adj) able"to"express"ide inarticulate (adj) She’s an intelligent

as"and"feelings"cle and articulate woman.
arly"in words
chat (v) to talk with chatty (adj) Can we chat after

someone in a class?
friendly and
informal way
compose (v) to write a speech, composition (n) He spent hours

letter, etc, thinking composer (n) composing his love
carefully about the letter.
words to use
connect (v) to join two things or connection (n) You use particular
places together disconnect (v) words to connect your
ideas in an essay.
content (n) the information or The website’s content

ideas that are is constantly updated.
talked about in a
book, speech, film,
Phrase words
keep in touch (v) to communicate or be in touch (v) It’s easy to keep in

continue to get in touch (v) touch these days with
communicate with stay in touch (v) messaging and social
someone by lose touch (v) media.
telephoning, or
writing to them
misunderstand (v) to think you have misunderstanding When you don’t

understood (n) speak the same
someone or language fluently, it
something when can be easy to
you have not misunderstand each
other.
orator (n) someone who oratory (adj) Obama is considered

gives good to be a brilliant orator.
speeches
public speaking (n) the activity of Many people have a

speaking on a chronic fear of public
subject to a group speaking.
of people
tactful (adj) careful not to say tact (n) Mentioning her weight
or do anything that tactless (adj) was not very tactful.
could upset
someone
Topic 4: Crime
___________________________
Essay topics
Many criminals re-offend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to
commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle
this problem?
In many countries, an increase in crime has been blamed on violent images on television
and in computer and video games."To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In most countries, prison is the most common solution when people commit a crime.
However, if they were to receive better education, it could prevent them from becoming
criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In many cities, the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to

Describe a new law you would like to introduce in your country.
You should say:
What it would be
How easy it would be to introduce it
How popular it would be
And say what the benefits of the new law would be.
Part 3 questions:
Let’s talk about rules and regulations:

What are the most common rules or laws that people break in your country?
How can this law-breaking be tackled?
How important is it to follow rules in your society? (eg road rules, public transport
rules…)
Do children or adults break rules more often? Why?
Now, let’s talk about crime and punishment:

Do you think it’s better to put criminals in prison or to rehabilitate them in the
community?

Sample Essay
Topic:
Many criminals re-offend after they have been punished. Why do some people
continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can
be taken to tackle this problem?
Crime is a pervasive problem in most countries around the world. Despite penalties
such as incarceration and fines, many criminals are likely to re-offend. In this essay,
I will outline two main reasons for this and suggest some ways to reduce recidivism.
Criminals commit offences after punishment for several reasons. One major factor
is their background. If a person comes from a criminal family, for instance, or has
friends involved in drugs and burglaries, it can be difficult for them to escape this
world. In addition to their upbringing and environment, substance abuse may
increase the likelihood of a person returning to crime. Indeed, the majority of crime
in Australia stems from drug and alcohol addiction. If these issues and addictions
are left untreated, it is inevitable that the offender, seeking money or a high, will
return to a life of crime after serving their time.

Vocabulary - Crime
Phrase words
commit (v) to do something If you commit a crime,

illegal or that is you may be arrested.
considered wrong
criminal (n) someone who crime (n) The criminal escaped

commits a crime criminality (n) from prison.
inmate (n) prisoner Inmates in the prison

have access to a
library and computer
room.
homicide (n) murder homicidal (adj) He was found guilty

of homicide.
incarceration (n) keeping someone incarceration (n) Incarceration rates

in prison incarcerate (v) continue to rise.
judge (n) a person in charge judgement (n) The judge ordered

of a trial in course him to serve thirty
and who decides hours of community

Phrase words
rob (v) to take money or robber (n) His house was

property illegally, robbery (n) robbed three times in
often using a month.
violence
sentence (v) to decide and say sentence (n) The judge sentenced
officially what a life sentence (n) him to life in prison.
punishment will be death sentence (n)
steal (v) to take something stolen (adj) Employees who steal

without permission are dismissed
and keep it immediately.
substance abuse the regular use of The prison

(n) illegal or harmful implemented a
drugs program to tackle
substance abuse
among inmates.
verdict (n) an opinion or After three days of

decision made discussion, the jury
after judging the reached a verdict of
facts that are given guilty.
victim (n) someone / victimise (v) A victim of crime may

something that has victimhood (n) need counselling to

Topic 5: Culture and Society
___________________________
Essay topics
Differences between countries become less evident each year. Nowadays, all over the
world people share the same fashions, advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels.
Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
Trade and travel would be a lot easier with a single, global currency that we all use.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Would a single currency cause any
problems?
Some people think that it is important to have a single language as an international official
language. Others think that it will make it difficult to identify countries and would cause a
loss of culture. What is your opinion?
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this
Describe an important yearly event held in your country.
You should say: What the event is called
Why it is held
How people celebrate it
and say how you feel about this event.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about cultural traditions.!

What are the most important traditions that people in your country follow (e.g. eating
habits, greetings, holidays)
Do young people still learn about traditions and customs? Is this a good thing or a
bad thing?
How important is it for a culture to maintain its traditions, in your view?
In the future, will it be possible for countries to preserve their cultural traditions?
Sample Essay
Topic:
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will
this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken
to reduce the impact of ageing populations.
In developed countries, people are living longer than ever. In this essay I will
discuss some of the challenges this brings and propose ways in which the
consequences of a rise in the number of older citizens can be mitigated.
While the addition of a decade or more onto our lives can be wonderful, there are
inevitably challenges that will arise for the individual. One of these is the onset of
debilitating diseases such as alzheimers and diabetes. These diseases not only
make it difficult to continue to enjoy a normal life but also put a great strain on other
members of the family who may have to bear much of the burden of care financially
and/or physically. Another issue is the financial strain the elderly themselves can be
under. If they retired at the age of 65 but live beyond 90, they may well find that
their savings run out and they become either destitute or reliant on state or family
ca
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Vocabulary - Culture and Society
Phrase words
culture (n) the way of life for cultural(adj) There was such lot of
an entire society cultured (adj) culture in the city:
theatre, cinema, jazz,
opera, art and much
more.
cultural diversity (n) differences Cultural diversity

between cultures makes travel a rich
economies.
interconnected with different interconnectednes The world has

parts"or things s (n) become more
connected"or" interconnected as a
related"to each result of the Internet.
other
lingua franca (n) a"language"used English is the lingua

for"communication" franca in many
between"groups"of" business settings.
people"who"speak"
different"languages

Phrase words
mutlicultural (adj) including people multiculturalism (n) It has become a very

who have many multicultural city,
different customs thanks to immigration
and beliefs and tourism.
policy (n) a set of ideas or a The tourism industry

plan of what to do was affected by
in particular changes to the
situations that has economic policy.

Topic 6 : Education
___________________________
Essay topics
Only formal examinations, written or practical, can give a clear picture of students’ true knowledge
and ability at university level. Continuous assessment like course work and projects are poor
measures of student ability. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behaviour. What do you think are
the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
Many people say that the only way to guarantee a good job is to complete a course of university
education. Others claim that it is better to start work after school and gain experience in the world
of work. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Speaking
Describe a teacher who you liked at school.
You should say: What this teacher taught
What qualities this teacher had
Whether other students liked her/him
and say how this teacher helped you.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about education.!

Do you think education is only for young people?
Do you think education should be free?
How important is education in the workforce?
Do you think companies should pay for their staff to study?
How has the internet changed education?
In the future, will it be easier or harder to gain a qualification?
The
Sample Essay
Topic:
In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behaviour. What do
you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
Many schools around the world are facing a variety of challenges. In a number of
countries, students are causing their schools serious problems because of the way
they behave. In this essay, I will outline why this is happening and suggest two
possible ways to curb bad behaviour.
One of the main factors driving this problem is lack of discipline at school. Whereas
in the past, schools and teachers maintained extremely strict rules regarding
everything from hairstyles to handwriting neatness, now there are few boundaries
and expectations. Indeed, just this month, a Sydney school teacher was physically
attacked by three students, and not one of them was suspended, let alone expelled.
Without explicit and firmly enforced rules, such incidents serve to further encourage
Vocabulary - Education
Phrase words
basic education primary and A person who

(n) lower secondary receives a basic
education education is better
equipped for life.
compulsory (adj) (of something) compulsorily Art classes are

that must be (adv) compulsory until
done; high school in
necessary by some countries.
law or a rule
curriculum (n) formal plan for curricular (adj) Activities which

teaching and curricula (n, are not part of the
learning plural) curriculum are
called extra
curricular
activities.

Phrase words
literature (n) written"artistic"work My passion from

s,"especially"those literature comes from
with a high my Grade 6 English
and"lasting"artistic" teacher.
value
major in (v) choose the main major (n) She majored in

subject at double major physics but ended up
university doing a masters in
oceanography.
master’s (n) post graduate Completing a

course eg MA, master’s degree no
MEd, MSc longer guarantees
employment.
plagiarism (n) the process or plagiarise / She was expelled

practice of using plagiarise (v) from the course for
another person's plagiarist (n) plagiarism.
ideas or work and
pretending that it is
your own
tertiary (adj) relating to She completed her

education in tertiary studies in
colleges and Canada.
universities
Topic 7: Entertainment
___________________________
Essay topics
Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films. Why could
this be? Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?
In most developed countries shopping is not only about buying the goods you need, it is
also perceived as entertainment. Is it a positive or negative development?
Some people think that it is important to use leisure time for activities that improve the
mind, such as reading and doing word puzzles. Other people feel that it is important to rest
the mind during leisure time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Speaking
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about TV.!

How has the kind of TV shows we watch changed in recent years?
Do you think the quality of TV is getting better or worse?
What rules (if any) do you think parents should have regarding their children and
TV?
Now that we can watch TV shows online, will traditional TV still exist in the future?
Let’s talk about free (leisure) time

What are some ways that people spend their free time?
In your country, has the way people spend their leisure time changed much?
Why do some people work most of the time and have very little leisure?
How can this lack of leisure time have an impact on individuals and society?
Resources
Sample Essay
Topic:
Some people think that it is important to use leisure time for activities that improve
the mind, such as reading and doing word puzzles. Other people feel that it is
important to rest the mind during leisure time. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.
Over many thousands of years, humans have used the time when they are not
working in different ways. These days, there are two main views as to how our
leisure time should be employed, either actively or for rest. In this essay, I will
discuss both perspectives and give my opinion, which is that both views are valid.
Many feel that cognitively stimulating activities should be pursued during leisure
time. The idea behind this, which is well-supported by scientific research, is that
when we use our minds, we keep the synapses or connections in our brains in good
condition. Games like sudoku, crosswords, puzzles or more high-tech activities on
apps or websites have indeed been proven to keep our minds alert and sharp, and
Vocabulary - Entertainment
Phrase words
acclaim (n) public approval and acclaimed (adj) The movie opened to
praise critical acclaim.
amateur (n) (adj) doing something as amateurish (adj) He’s only an amateur
a hobby and not as photographer, but his
your job work is brilliant.
amuse (v) a feeling of delight amusement (n) There are many ways
at being amusing (adj) you can amuse
entertained amusement park yourself. Going to the
movies is a good one.
applaud (v) show appreciation applause (n) Applaud if you like the
by clapping hands show but don’t boo if
it’s bad.
art gallery (n) building where art Art galleries in many

(paintings, cities are free to
sculpture etc) are enter.
on show
artist (n) painter, musician, artistic (adj) The artist won an

singer, comedian, artistry (n) award for his painting.
dancer etc.
Phrase words
nightlife (n) entertainment Paris’s nightlife is one

found in a city at of its main attractions.
night
orchestra (n) a"group"of"musicia orchestral (adj) Tickets to see the

ns"who"play"many orchestra sold out
different"instrument within 10 minutes.
s"together
performance (n) the presentation of perform (v) Her performance in

a play or piece of performing (adj) Beethoven’s 1st
music etc. to eg. animals piano concerto was
entertain people dazzling.
plot (n) the story of a book, plot hole (n) The book was
film, play, etc beautifully written, but
the plot was difficult
to follow.
rom-com (adj) (n) romantic comedy They argued about

(film) whether to see the
latest thriller or rom-
com.

Topic 8: Environment
___________________________
Essay topics
With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal species are
becoming endangered and some are even facing extinction.
Do you think it is important to protect animals? What can be done to deal with this
problem?
Many people think it is very important to protect the environment but they make no effort to
do it themselves. Why do you think this is the case? What actions should individuals take
to protect the environment?
Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can
governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?
Nowadays environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual persons or

individual countries. In other words, it is an international problem. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Describe a park you like to visit.
You should say: Where it is
What it looks like
What you do in the park
and say why you like to spend time there.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about environmental problems.

Where you live, what local environmental issues are people concerned with?!
What are some of the biggest environmental problems your country is facing?
Do you think governments are doing enough to reduce environmental damage?
What can individuals do to help the environment?
How important is international cooperation when it comes to dealing with
environmental problems?
In the future, will it be possible to repair the environment?
1
Sample Essay
Topic:
Many people think it is very important to protect the environment but they make no
effort to do it themselves. Why do you think this is the case? What actions should
individuals take to protect the environment?
It is abundantly clear today that our environment is under threat. There are many who
believe in the importance of looking after it but take no action themselves to do this. In this
essay I will suggest why this is happening and propose ways in which anyone can give our
environment some of the protection it needs.
The main reason why people take no action to take care of their environment is because
they are largely cut off from it. Let us take the example of half of our world’s population
who are now living in urban areas. They often reside in high rise air-conditioned
apartments, travel to work on trains and buses and rarely leave the city. Their offices are
cooled too so, being mostly unaffected by pollution, global heating and other symptoms of
our disregard for our environment, they have few daily reminders of the need to do
anything to protect it. Although they recognise that their world needs their help, they are
not sufficiently affected or inconvenienced by decades of failure to care for it.
Vocabulary - Environment
Phrase words
air pollution harmful chemicals Air pollution can

and particles in the damage lungs for life.
air
alternative (adj) other alternate (adj) Alternative energy

alternate (v) sources include wind,
solar, water and
biomass.
atmosphere (n) mass of air atmospheric (adj) Th earth’s

surrounding the atmosphere extends
earth up 100km above sea
level.
biodegradable (adj) organic waste Biodegradable

other organisms products are
can break down increasingly available.
biodiversity (n) variety of life on biodiverse (adj) It is important to

this planet maintain biodiversity
for a healthy planet.
biomass (n) a source of fuel Fuel from biomass

made from plant can power vehicles
materials and machines.
Phrase words
litter (n) waste that is litter (v) Visitors are asked to

thrown away littering (n) put all litter in the bins
carelessly provided.
organic (adj) plants or meats Eating organic foods

produced without can be good for your
artificial chemicals health.
or hormones
recycle (v) break waste down recycling (n) Local governments

into its raw recyclable (adj) encourage residents
materials to recycle their waste.
renewable (adj) can be used again renew (v) Renewable energy

and again comes from sources
such as the sun and
wind.
sustainable (adj) meet the needs of sustain (v) Continuing to burn

today without sustainability (n) fossil fuels in the way
compromising we are is not
future needs eg, sustainable.
tourism,
development
Topic 9: Family
___________________________
Essay topics
Children are influenced by their friend’s opinions. In what ways are children affected by
their friends? How can parents make sure this influence is positive?
Parents often buy their children many toys. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of children having a large number of toys?
Young people spend less of their free time with their family nowadays. What are the
reasons for this? Are there more negative or positive sides to it?
Speaking
Describe two members of the same family.
You should say: How you know them
In what ways they are similar
In what ways they are different
and say how you feel about the two people.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about parenting.!

Do you think it has become easier to be a parent?
How important is it for parents to be strict?
What kinds of punishments are best for children, do you think?
How has technology affected family life?
Will our idea of ‘the family’ change in the future?
Let's talk about the influence of families.!

Do you think most children take after their parents?
How much influence do you think biology or genes have on our personalities?
Is the bond between families always stronger than between friends?
Sample Essay
Topic:
Young people spend less of their free time with their family nowadays. What are the
reasons for this? Are there more negative or positive sides to it?
The youth of today has more choice and freedom than ever before. When they are
not working or studying, many of them see less of their families than they used to.
In my view, there are very few advantages to this development, some causes of
which I will explore in this essay.
To begin with, there are a number of reasons teenagers and those in their twenties
are with their families less during their leisure time, the main one being the need for
them to work. A good example of this is in Indonesia where studies have shown that
an increase in the cost of living has forced parents to ask their children who are still
at school to work in the evenings and on Sundays and persuade those already in
work to do overtime or work two jobs. Although this brings in much needed funds, it
comes at a huge cost, depriving families of important time to relax and spend time
Vocabulary - Families
Phrase words
adoption (n) parenting a child adopt (v) She was adopted at

who is not adoptive (adj) six months and met
biologically the father/mother her birth mother when
adopting parent’s she was 10.
ancestor (n) relative who is no ancestral (adj) Her ancestors came

longer living from China centuries
ago.
bachelor (n) male who has Having never

never been married married, he remained
a bachelor for his
whole life.
care-giver (n) person who looks caring (adj) When her mother
after one or more carer (n) passed away she
family members care for (v) became her father’s
main care-giver.
childhood (n) years from birth to Her family were very

when a child poor and she had a
becomes an adult difficult childhood.
de facto (wife or in practice They live together but

husband) (adj) are not married. As
Phrase words
inherit (v) to receive money inheritance (n) As the only child ,he
or property on the inherited the family
death of a family fortune when his
member or friend father died.
nuclear (adj) family consisting of The nuclear family is

(family) parents and now common in
children western countries.
orphan (n) child whose orphanage (n) She became an

parents are dead orphan (v) orphan at five when
orphaned (adj) her parents died.
partner (n) husband or wife, or She’s been his

equivalent in a de partner for 20 years
facto marriage though they never got
married.
related (adj) connected by blood relative (n) They are related.

relation (n) She’s his second
cousin.
sibling (n) brother or sister He has three siblings:

two sisters and a
brother.

Topic 10: Food and farming
___________________________
Essay topics
All people should be vegetarian. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people claim that genetically modified (GM) food can be dangerous while others feel
that it may bring enormous benefits to the world. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.
Junk food advertising has a harmful effect on society and should be banned. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Speaking
Describe a plant you like which grows in your country.
You should say: what it looks like
where it grows
what it is used for
and say why you like it.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about farming.!

Is farming an important occupation where you come from?
How has farming changed in the last 50 years?
Are people in your country interested in knowing where their food comes from?
Do you think the way we grow food will change much in the future?
Let’s talk about fast or junk food.

Why is fast food so popular?
In your country, is fast food easy to buy?
What are some of the benefits and dangers of eating fast food?
In the future, do you think fast food will become a larger part of people’s diet? Why?
Should governments inform people about what is healthy to eat?
Should the advertising of fast food to children be controlled? Why?
Sample Essay
Topic:
Junk food advertising has a harmful effect on society and should be banned. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
Over the past decades, quick convenient food, often called fast or junk food, has become
readily available, leading to serious problems including obesity, heart disease and high
blood pressure. Many people hold the view that it is the advertising of this food that is
responsible for these issues, and therefore ought to stopped. While I do not support a
complete ban on this form of marketing, I do feel that stricter regulations and greater
transparency are needed.
Although an outright ban on fast food promotion may seem appealing, it would not be a
sensible move. For starters, companies would suffer huge financial losses if they were
unable to promote their products. Magnum Ice Creams, for instance, runs TV and billboard
campaigns when they launch a new product, and if they were prevented from doing so, far
fewer consumers would even know the new treat existed. This would inevitably lead to a
reduction in revenue, possibly a fall in the company’s stock prices, retrenchments and so
on. The consumers have a right to know what is on the market, so, clearly, the solution
Vocabulary - Food & farming
Phrase words
addictive (adj) substance a addict (n) Coffee can be

person is physically addicted to (v) addictive because of
or psychologically addiction (n) the caffeine in it.
dependent on
agriculture (n) cultivation of the agricultural (adj) In developed

land countries agriculture
employs less than 5%
of the work force.
appetite (n) desire to eat food appetizer (n) When I was pregnant,
sometimes my appetite
because of hunger increased.
arable (adj) arable land is The amount of arable

suitable for, or land is decreasing.
used for, growing
crops
balanced (adj) diet containing all that balance (n) Eat a balanced diet of
is needed to stay balance (v) healthy food and
healthy you’ll fall ill less often.
calorie (n) energy continued calorific (adj) Reducing the calories

in food you consume can
Phrase words
nutrient (n) that which nutritious (adj) Junk food is usually

nourishes nutrient rich (adj) low in nutrients
(nutrient poor).
organic (adj) food produced Organic foods tend to

without using be expensive
synthetic chemicals because organic
or pesticides farmers receive no
subsidies.
vegan (n) person who avoids vegan (adj) She’s been a vegan
eating all animal for 20 years
foods
vegetarian (n) person who prefers vegetarian (adj) Vegetarians can find
foods from a somewhere to eat in
vegetable source almost all major
but may eat eggs cities.
or drink milk
Topic 11: Global Issues
___________________________
Essay topics
The wealth gap between 1st world countries and 3rd world countries seems to be
increasing. How can we reduce this gap? Do you think that developed countries have a
duty to assist developing countries in every way?
The money given to help poor countries does not solve the problem of poverty, so rich
countries should give other types of help instead. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
The exploration and development of safe alternatives to fossil fuels should be the most
important global priority today. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Speaking
Describe an overseas trip you would like to make with a friend.
You should say: Where you would go
What you would do
Who you would like to go with
and say why you would like to go there.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about globalisation.

Do you think your country is influenced by other countries (in terms of fashion, food,
customs etc)?
What has been the impact of international tourism?
What stores or products from other countries are popular in your country?
How has the internet changed the way countries see each other?
Do you think some cultural traditions will be lost in the future?
What are the most significant global issues facing us?
What can governments do to improve relations between countries?
y?

Sample Essay
Topic:
The exploration and development of safe alternatives to fossil fuels should be the
most important global priority today. To what extent do you agree and disagree?
The use of fossil fuels as a source of energy has been increasing since the
industrial revolution began. There is a view that the most important step we can
take today is to prioritise research and development into other forms of energy
which are safe. In my view, I completely agree that we need to halt extraction of
fossil fuels while also investing more heavily in greener energy sources.
The first step in curbing the damage caused by fossil fuel use must be to phase out
extraction and use. That is, mining, fracking, deep sea drilling and other methods
need to be stopped in order to end the damage such activities cause to ecosystems
and the atmosphere. Indeed, ending oil drilling alone would greatly reduce the risk

Vocabulary - Global Issues
Phrase words
biodiversity loss (n) the extinction of diversity (n) Deforestation and

animals and plants diversify (v) global heating are two
worldwide and in of the main causes of
smaller biodiversity loss.
ecosystems
clean energy (n) energy which does green energy Using clean energy in
not pollute or alternative energy homes and factories
damage the helps to reduce
environment pollution.
conflict (n) fighting"between The new policy

two or caused a lot of
more"groups"of"peo conflict between party
ple"or"countries members.
deforestation (n) conversion of deforest (v) Deforestation can be

forests to farms, reforestation (n) mitigated by planting
ranches or urban trees, which is a good
use way to also increase
biodiversity.
disease (n) medical condition diseased (adj) The poor, sick and

Phrase words
natural disasters (n) a natural event The 2011 tsunami

such as a flood, was one of the most
earthquake, or serious natural
tsunami that kills or disasters Japan has
injures a lot of ever experienced.
people
pollution (n) chemical polluted (adj) Air pollution in cities

substances or pollutant (n) is known to cause
noise, heat or light polluting (adj) many diseases in
that have adverse pollute (v) particular among
effects young people.
population (n) the world populous (adj) After 200,000 years

population is the overpopulated the world population
total number of (adj) reached 1 billion and
people now living population density then in 200 years
more this total
reached 7 billion.
poverty (n) the state of being poor (adj) Many millions of

very poot impoverished (adj) people live in poverty
live in poverty in the UK.
live below the
poverty line
refugee (n) person who has left refugee camp (n) Thousands of
his country and refugees from Africa
Topic 12: Health
___________________________
Essay topics
Despite huge improvements in healthcare, the overall standard of physical health in many
developed countries is now falling. What are the reasons for this and how can the problem
be tackled?
Some people claim that using tobacco has brought several social problems and smoking
should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree? "
Childhood obesity is a serious problem in many countries. What are the causes of it and
how can the problem be managed?
Speaking
Describe something you would like to do to stay healthy
You should say: What you would like to do
Why you would like to do it
How you would feel if you did it
and say whether you think it will be possible to do it soon.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about healthcare.!

In what different ways do people look after their health?
What help can people receive if they want to be healthy?!
Do you think it is difficult to stay healthy?!
Do you think that governments spend enough on helping people to be healthy?
What role do schools have in helping children become healthy adults?!
In the future, how could we become healthier?
Sample Essay
Topic:
Childhood obesity is a serious problem in many countries. What are the causes of this and
how can the problem be managed?
Our changing lifestyles have had a far-reaching effect on our health. Today, many
young children are chronically overweight as a result. In this essay, I will outline
some causes of childhood obesity and suggest ways the problem can be
addressed.
While obesity has several causes, poor diets and insufficient exercise appear to be
key drivers of this serious disease. A move to a convenience food diet both in
schools and at home has resulted in many youngsters eating mostly nutrient-low
foods, which are high in sugars and fats and low in fibre. Our bodies are unable to
process these foods efficiently so fat accumulates until our body mass index is high
enough for us to be diagnosed as obese. Exercise is well known to assist the body
in getting rid of fat but the reality today for many children is that they take almost
Vocabulary - Health
Phrase words
acute (adj) critical, severe A heart attack is an

acute medical
condition.
alternative (adj) other Chiropractic and

herbal medicine are
alternative therapies.
chronic (adj) continuing for a Obesity and diabetes

period time are chronic medical
conditions.
consultation (n) a meeting with a consult (v) She had a 30 minute

medical practitioner consultant (n) consultation with a
heart specialist.
CT scan (n) a special type of X- She had a CT scan .

ray
disease (n) illness, sickness diseased (adj) Malaria is a serous

disease.
emergency (n) situation requiring hospital accident He had an

immediate action and emergency emergency operation
Phrase words
patient (n) a person being The nurse looked

treated by a doctor after the patients.
or therapist
practitioner someone who practise (v) eg He’s been a medical

works as a doctor practise medicine practitioner for 20
(or a lawyer) practice (n) eg years.
medical practice
therapy (n) the"work"of"treating therapist (n) She is undergoing

"mental"or"physical" therapeutic (adj) therapy to treat her
illness"without fear of flying.
using an"operation:
treatment action to bring treat (v) She had treatment for

about healing untreated (adj) her leg, which was
successful.
Topic 13: Media
___________________________
Essay topics
The tendency of news media to focus on problems and emergencies rather than good
news has a negative effect on individuals and society. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on
children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Some people think that newspapers are the best way to learn news. However, others
believe that they can learn news better through other media. Discuss both views and give
your opinion
Speaking
Describe an interesting story you saw in the news.
You should say: What the story was
Where you heard/saw the story
When it happened
and explain why you think this news story was interesting.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about famous people.!

What kinds of people are most famous in your country?
Why do you think people are so interested in the private lives of celebrities?
Do you think there should be stricter rules regarding how celebrities are treated in
the media?
Has it become easier to become famous? Will it be easier in the future?
Let’s talk about the news media."

How has the way we access the news changed?
Do you think these changes have been positive or negative?
Why do people often use social media to get their news?

Sample Essay
Topic:
The tendency of news media to focus on problems and emergencies rather than
good news has a negative effect on individuals and society. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
In modern times, thanks to our smartphones and the 24/7 media cycle, we seem to be
constantly bombarded by the news and, unfortunately, most of it is about disasters, attacks
and tragedies. It has been argued that this negative focus within the media has a
detrimental effect not only on individuals but on society as a whole. Personally, I strongly
agree.
In terms of individuals, the effects of this overwhelming amount of bad news in the media
manifest in changes to our wellbeing and behaviour. First of all, mental health can suffer.
When a person is continually absorbing news about crime, accidents and terrorism, for
instance, they may begin to feel anxious and fearful. In serious cases, they may even
suffer agoraphobia or panic attacks as a result. The sheer volume of bad news can also
lead to feelings of hopelessness or even depression. The other issue is the changes in

Vocabulary - Media
Word / Meaning Translation Related Example My
Phrase words example
advertising (n) ad (n) Targeted advertising is

advert (n) used more and more
advertise (v) on social media.
advertiser (n)
advertisement (n)
bias (n) the fact of biased (adj) Reporters should not

preferring a show any political bias.
particular subject
or thing
blog (n) - short for web site , blog (v) I read her blog on
web log maintained by blogger (n) fitness every day.
individuals
containing their
writing, graphics,
videos etc.
broadcast (v) distribution of audio broadcast (n) Many radio programs

or video programs broadcaster (n) broadcast the news
to an audience 24/7.
censor (v) prevent information censor (n) The government

from dissemination censorship (n) censored all
often for political information about the
mass media (n) ;tools’ used to Mass media, such as

communicate with TV, radio, film and
large umbers of newspapers, has a
people powerful influence on
what people think.
media event event staged for Most events involving

media coverage politicians are media
events.
paparazzi (n) photographers who to be papped (v) Many people feel that
follow celebrities to (slang) paparazzi were
take photos to sell responsible for the
to magazines / death of Princess
newspapers Diana.
(the) press (n) media including TV, Members of the press

radio, newspapers, travel with the US
wire services president on important
trips.
press conference meeting with The PM called a press

(n) reporters conference to
announce his new
policy
propaganda (n) dissemination of propagandise (v) During the war

Topic 14: Money
___________________________
Essay topics
Many people say that we now live in ‘consumer societies’ where money and possessions
are given too much importance. Others believe that consumer culture has played a vital
role in improving our lives. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other
important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Some people believe that money is the most important factor for achieving happiness.
However, others believe that happiness has nothing to do with money. What is your
opinion?

Describe a time when you lent money to someone.
You should say Who you lent the money to
Why you lent money to this person
If this person paid the money back
and say how you felt about lending the money.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about money.!

In your country, what do most people spend their money on?
Money can’t buy happiness. Do you agree?
What would a society without money look like?
Banks make too much money. Do you agree?
Very wealthy people should pay more taxes.
Wealthy nations should do more to help those which are less well off. Do you
agree?
Resources
ay
01
Sample Essay
Topic:
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in
other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others
think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
In the past few decades there has been a dramatic increase in the amount of money
earned by those who excel in the sport they play. Today these professionals are able to
take home many times what top professionals in other fields do and there are conflicting
views as to whether this is right. In this essay, I will examine both views and explain why I
think it is entirely fair.
The belief that it is not fair that is understandable. Why should the skills someone is born
with give them such an advantage? The world of sport these days is heavily sponsored by
companies looking for ways to promote their products and these lucky few who excel at

Vocabulary - Money
afford (v) have enough money affordable (adj) I can’t afford to buy a car.
to buy
ATM (n) automatic teller When I want money, I

machine withdraw it from the ATM
next to the bank.
bargain (v) negotiate the price bargain (n) We bargained and agreed
on a price of $100.
breadwinner (n) person who works to He’s the sole breadwinner

support a family in his family.
budget (n) a plan to manage budget (v) We draw up a budget

how much money every month to make sure
you spend we have enough money
to last.
debt (n) money owed debtor (n) He was in debt to the

bank for 3 million dollars.

Phrase words
recession (n) time of no growth in Germany is now in a

the economy of a recession after two
country quarters of no growth.
rent (n) money paid to live in rent (v) We pay $650 in rent
a house or rental (n) each month.
apartment
risk (v) act dangerously risk (n) He risked his fortune at

risky (adj) the casino.
teller (n) bank staff who The teller told me that I

handle money had no money in my
account.
thrifty (adj) careful with money thrift (n) She is so thrifty that she
never exceeds her
budget.
withdraw (v) take out e.g. money withdrawal (n) I withdrew enough
money for our holiday
from our savings

Topic 15: Science/Technology
___________________________
Essay topics
The Internet has transformed lives and economies but it is turning the world into a global
village. Soon everybody will think and behave in the same way. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this opinion?
Some people think that computer games are bad for children, while others believe that
they are useful. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computer games.
Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is
increasing the gap between rich people and poor people, while others say that technology
has the opposite effect. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Speaking

Describe a website or app that you regularly use.
You should say: How you first learned about it
What you use it for
How it helps your life
and say whether you would recommend it to others.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about technology and children.!

What kinds of technological devices do children enjoy playing with?
Is this different from when you were a child?
What are some benefits of technology (e.g. ipads, video games) for children?
Are there any drawbacks?
How can parents ensure their children aren’t being negatively affected by
technology?
Let’s talk about science.

What are the benefits of teaching science?

Sample Essay
Topic:
Some people think that computer games are bad for children, while others believe that they
are useful. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computer games.
Access to various technological devices, including computers, is now commonplace

among children. Some say that games played on these devices are detrimental to
young people while others think the opposite. I believe these games can have both
positive and negative outcomes for children, depending on several factors, and in
this essay I will explore these two aspects.
Certainly, when games are age-appropriate and children are supervised, there can
be many benefits for youngsters. One key positive outcome is the enhancement to
problem-solving skills and creativity. Indeed, many games are designed to
challenge young minds by, for instance, simulating a current problem in the world.
Greenpeace has recently designed such a game for children called Our World

Vocabulary - Science/Technology
Phrase words
AI - artificial the ability of a We are seeing an

intelligence computer to act like increasing use of AI in
a human applications such as
robotics and
computer games.
application (n) also an end-user The development of

called ‘app’ program eg. multi application software
media or data has revolutionised
base, which is how we use our
designed to carry computers and other
out a specific task devices.
back up (v) save data to the backup (n) It’s advisable to back
cloud or to another up your important
device such as an files regularly.
external hard drive
blog (n) website showing blog (v) Her daily blog now
postings from blogger (n) has more than two
author in time order blogosphere (n) million followers.
weblog (n)

Phrase words
firewall (n) application Many companies

designed to stop have firewalls to
unauthorised users prevent their servers
from gaining from being hacked
access and confidential
information stolen.
hack (v) to use a computer hacker (n) The website was

to illegally get into hacked and
someone else’s thousands of people
computer and read had their information
information stored stolen.
there
install (v) to put software into installation (n) You need to install the
a computer software to access
this file.
savvy (adj) having knowledge tech-savvy She is very savvy

and ability computer-savvy when it comes to
computers.
software (n) programs you use It is advisable to keep

to make computers the software on your
do different things computer up to date
to protect it from
viruses.
Topic 16: Space
___________________________
Essay topics
Some governments spend a lot of money on exploring space. Some feel that this
investment is justified while others think that money should be spent on public services like
healthcare and education. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
In the last century, the first man to walk on the moon said: “That’s one small step for a
man, one giant leap for mankind”. However, some people think that space travel makes
little difference to our daily lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some scientists think that there are intelligent life forms on other planets and messages
should be sent to contact them. Other scientists think it is a bad idea and would be
dangerous. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Speaking
Describe an important achievement in space.
You should say: What it was
Why it was important
What it achieved
and say how you feel about space exploration.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about space exploration.!

Why do you think people want to explore space?
Do you think it’s a good idea for governments to spend money on space
exploration?
How important is space research in your country?
What qualities do you think a person needs to be an astronaut?
Do you think it will be possible for humans to live on another planet one day?
,
Sample Essay
Topic:
Some governments spend a lot of money on exploring space. Some feel that this
investment is justified while others think that money should be spent on public
services like healthcare and education. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
In the last century, billions of dollars have been spent on the exploration of the
universe. Although some support this investment, others feel that this money is
squandered and should instead be spent tackling Earth’s many problems such as
public health and education. In this essay, I will examine both views and explain
why I agree that the government should cease funding space programs.
Those who advocate this state-funded research argue that the future of humankind

Vocabulary - Space
Phrase words
astronaut (n) person who works The International

in space Space Station can
accommodate six
astronauts.
astronomer (n) person who studies astronomy (n) Astronomers have

space been studying space
for at least 5000
years.
atmosphere (n) gases which atmospheric (adj) Earth’s atmosphere

surround a planet makes it possible for
humans to live.
comet (n) small icy body in Comets have tails

the solar system when they pass close
to the sun.
constellation (n) group of stars Many constellations

are visible to us in the
night sky.
eclipse (n) event when the During a total eclipse

moon obscures the of the sun the earth is
sun or the opposite dark.
Phrase words
outer space (n) space which is Outer space begins

beyond earth 100km above the
surface of the earth.
planetarium (n) theatre for learning Children learn about

about astronomy the universe we live
and space at the planetarium.
rotation (n) turning around rotate (v) One rotation of the

earth takes 24 hours.
shooting star (n) a meteorite burning We saw a shooting

up in the earth’s star falling towards
atmosphere earth.

Topic 17: Sport
___________________________
Essay topics
Some sports are considered extremely dangerous, but many people still like them. Why do
people take part in dangerous sports?" Give some suggestions on how to deal with these
dangers.
Professional sports people are often idolised by young children. Some people think that
they therefore have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for children. Do you
agree or disagree?
Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are
essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Part 2 Topic Talks:
Describe a sport you would like to learn to play.

You should say: What it is
How you would learn this sport
What kind of skills you would learn
and say why you would like to learn it.
Describe a sports person you’re interested in.

You should say: Who she/he is
What sport she/he plays
How you first heard about her/him
and say why you are interested in her/him.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about sports stars.!

What makes a sportsperson a ‘star’?

Sample Essay
Topic:
Some sports are considered extremely dangerous, but many people still like them.
Why do people take part in dangerous sports?! Give some suggestions on how to
deal with these dangers.
People around the world participate in a wide variety of sporting activities, from
traditional ones like cricket and tennis to more modern and extreme activities such
as snowboarding and mixed martial arts. While all sports carry some risk of injury,
these extreme sports can have serious, even fatal, consequences when things go
wrong. Nevertheless, they are growing in popularity for several reasons and,
thankfully, there are measures that can be taken to mitigate the risks.
The main reason why people enjoy taking part in dangerous sports is the emotional
high they can bring about. When a person flies through the air on their skis or

Vocabulary - Sport
Phrase words
amateur (n) a person who plays amateur (adj) She was an amateur
a sport or game golfer for 10 years
without being paid before turning pro.
applause (n) clapping to show applaud (v) The noise of

approval and applause filled the
support stadium.
champion (n) an individual or championship (n) She is the under 18

team that wins a champion (adj) swimming champion
competition of Malaysia.
competition (n) event in which compete (v) There are 24 teams

individuals or competitor (n) playing in the
teams play each competitive (adj) competition.
other to win a prize
contestant (n) an individual who contest (v) She was a contestant

takes part in a in last year’s world
game or chess championship.
competition
cross training (n) training in a sport Cross training is

Phrase words
referee (n) chief official who referee (v) The referee makes
ref (informal) makes sure the refereeing (n) the final decision on
game is played by whether a goal has
the rules been scored or not.
spectator (adj) describes a sport spectator (n) Some people think

sport that many people spectate (v) that synchronised
like to watch swimming is not a
great spectator sport.
sporting (adj) showing or calling In a sporting gesture,

for fair play she helped the
opposition player to
her feet.
sportive/sporty (adj) interested and Not all children are

usually good at sportive/sporty but
sports they still enjoy playing
games at school.
sportsmanship (n) fairness in sportswoman (n) Sportsmanship is

following the rules sportsman (n) usually forgotten in
of a game sportsmanlike (adj) the desire to win at all
unsportsmanlike costs.
(adj)

Topic 18: Transport
___________________________
Essay topics
Despite improvements in vehicle technology, there are still large numbers of road
accidents. Explain some of the causes of these accidents and suggest some measures
that could be taken to address the problem.
Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing
traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in
improving road safety. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
It is predicted that in the future cars will be driven by computers. What are the reasons
behind this? Would it be a positive or negative development?

Describe a car you would like to buy.
You should say: What it is
How you know about it
Why you like it
and say how likely you are to buy this car in the future.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about cars.!

Do most people own a car where you live?
Why do many people drive even if there is public transport available?
What problems do cars cause?
How can people be encouraged to drive less?
Do you think people will use driverless cars in the future?
Let’s talk about travel by air.

Why is air travel so popular?
Will people travel more or less by air in the future?
What problems does air travel cause?

Sample Essay
Topic:
Despite improvements in vehicle technology, there are still large numbers of road
accidents. Explain some of the causes of these accidents and suggest some
measures that could be taken to address the problem.
In recent times we have seen a huge increase in the number of people who drive. Even
though their vehicles are more sophisticated than ever, many people are injured or killed
on our roads. This essay will consider why there are so many accidents and suggest ways
they could be reduced.
Advanced technology undoubtedly makes driving safer but, in many cases, accidents
occur through driver error. This may be for several reasons, one of which is inattention at a
critical moment caused perhaps by a call on the phone or a conversation with a
passenger. Indeed, in the USA, distracted driving is the number one cause of road
accidents. In Australia, the problem has become so serious that it is now illegal to use a
mobile phone when in charge of a vehicle, even if it is stationary. Another cause of injuries

Vocabulary - Transport
Phrase words
car dependence having to use a car-dependent In many cities in the

(n) car (adj) USA car
dependence is
common.
cargo (n) the goods carried The ship was

by a ship, aircraft, carrying a cargo of
or other large wood.
vehicle
carpooling (n) arrange to share carpool (v) Carpooling cuts

cars for a regular carpool (n) down congestion
journey often to and pollution.
work
commute (v) travel from home commute (n) It took her so long
to work and back commuter (n) to commute that
she started to work
from home.
congestion (n) traffic jams congested (adj) Congestion on our

roads is a failure of
city planning.
congesti
containe
cycle lan
fare (n)
freight (n
light rail
peak hou
rapid tra

Phrase words
rely on (v) to need a reliance (n) Most people rely on

particular"thing or reliant (adj) their car as their
the help and primary means of
support"of transport.
someone or
something in
order"to"continue,
to"work"correctly,
or to"succeed
round trip (n) travel to a place The Sydney to

and back Melbourne round
trip is about
2000km.
route (n) established way route (v) The city transport

of travel app will help you
plan your route.
shuttle (n) public transport shuttle (v) I took the airport

which goes back space shuttle (n) shuttle bus to get to
and forth the international
between two terminal from
points domestic.
transport the basic Investment in

infrastructure (n) structure and transport
trave
vehic

Topic 19: Travel
___________________________
Essay topics
In many countries, tourism is a major part of the economy, but it also causes
environmental damage and ruins the places it exploits. It is argued that tourists should pay
an additional tax to compensate for this damage. Do you agree?
Some people think the advantages of international tourism outweigh its disadvantages. To
what extent do you agree?
It is said that travel broadens the mind. What can we learn by travelling to other countries?
Should we first explore our own countries?
Speaking
Describe a memorable trip you have had.
You should say: Where you went
Who you went with
How you travelled
and say why the trip was memorable
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about tourism.!

What are some popular tourist destinations in your country?
Why do you think people enjoy travelling outside their own country?
What can people learn from travelling to another country?
How important is it for tourists to respect local customs?
Will tourism change much in the future, do you think?
Let’s talk about travel and the environment

What impact can mass tourism have on the environment?
Do you think travellers should pay a ‘green tax’ to the country they visit?
How can tourists have a positive impact on the environment when they travel?
Should some natural areas (forests, Arctic areas, coral reefs etc.) be off-limits to

Sample Essay
Topic:
In many countries, tourism is a major part of the economy, but it also causes
environmental damage and ruins the places it exploits. It is argued that tourists
should pay an additional tax to compensate for this damage. Do you agree?
In the past two decades there has been an explosion in the number of people who
are able to travel to places of interest and beauty. One of the results of this has
been that the locations these tourists visit have been spoiled and even destroyed. I
am partially in agreement with the view that tourists should pay a charge to repair
the damage they bring about but feel that those responsible for looking after tourist
attractions should also play their part in caring for them.
I support the practice of requiring visitors to help those who are responsible for
maintaining tourist attractions with a monetary payment. When a town, city or place
of beauty receives thousands of visitors every year the cost of, for instance,

Vocabulary - Travel
Phrase words
accommodation (n) a place to stay, accommodate What kind of

eg. a hotel, a (v) accommodation are
youth hostel you looking for?
activity (n) something to do active (adj) This holiday offers a

often as part of a lot of activities such
holiday as diving, water
skiing and horse
riding
affordable (adj) within a person’s afford (v) Overseas travel is

budget now affordable to
millions of people.
agency (n) a company which agent (n) We usually book our

sells another travel through a travel
company’s agency.
products eg a
ravel agency
week cycling tour.

Phrase words
getaway (n) short holiday Weekend getaways

break are very popular.
hospitality (n) friendly welcome hospitable (adj) Cuban hospitality is

legendary.
itinerary (n) travel plan Our itinerary takes in

the city’s markets,
museums, art
galleries and best
restaurants.
leisure (n) time when not leisurely (adj) The leisure industry is
working the leisure an important source
industry of revenue for many
countries.
picturesque (adj) attractive view or We stayed in a

place picturesque cottage
in the Alps.
pollute (v) make dirty pollution (n) Cruise ships pollute

cities and oceans.
safari (n) travel usually to go on safari (v) We went on safari

Topic 20: Work
___________________________
Essay topics
Nowadays employment options are changing and employees cannot rely on having the
same job and working conditions throughout their life. What are some possible causes?
Suggest some ways to plan for the future under these circumstances.
Some say job security is more important than job satisfaction. What is your opinion?
Nowadays many jobs are more stressful and the working day is longer. What are the
reasons for this? What can employers do to help employees?
Speaking

Describe a job that is popular in your country.
You should say: What you know about it
Why it is popular
What kind of people are good at this job
and say whether you would like to have this job.
Part 3 questions:
Let's talk about work.!

Do you think most people work too many hours these days?
It seems difficult to have a good work/life balance. Why do you think this is?
Why do some people love their work and others don’t?
More and more people are working part time jobs. Is this a good thing?
More women have a paid job today than in the past. Is this a good thing? Why/why
not?
In your country, is it easy for young people to find a job? Why/why not?
ess.

Sample Essay
Topic:
Nowadays many jobs are more stressful and the working day is longer. What are the
reasons for this? What can employers do to help employees?
Expectations on workers have changed greatly over the last few decades. Today
they often have to work longer hours in situations which are increasingly

Vocabulary - Work
Phrase words
apprentice (n) a person who apprenticeship (n) He’s an apprentice to

trains in a skill for apprentice (v) an electrician.
at least 2/3 years
bonus (n) extra money paid All workers will be

to an employee paid a bonus at the
end of the year.
commute (n) the journey from My daily commute

home to work and took so long that I
back each day work at home these
days.
commute (v) to travel from home commuter (n) I takes me three

to work and back hours to commute to
work each day.
contract (n) a work agreement contractor (n) I signed a contract to

work for two years.
CV (n) a record of resume (n) When I applied for the

(curriculum vitae) qualifications and job I had to submit q
work experience CV/resume.

Phrase words
retire (v) to stop working retirement (n) He liked his job so

usually after 60 or retiree (n) much he didn’t want
65 years old to retire.
sack (v) terminate The company sacked

someone’s all its employees.
employment
salary what is earned My salary if $1500

working for an per month.
employer
shift (n) a fixed number of shift work There are 3 8 hours

hours worked day shift shifts each 24 hours
night shift in this factory.
trade (n) (v) the exchange of trader (n) Trade with China was
products or trading (adj) eg. worth 6 billion dollars
produce trading partner in 2018
unemployed (adj) out of work employer (n) I’ve never been

unemployed/out of
work.
vacancy (n) a job position vacant (adj) We have several job

which has not been vacancies you could

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IELTS

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1. Use the essay topics to brainstorm and practise writing Task 2s

2. Use the speaking questions to practise answering typical IELTS

3. Follow the links in the resources section to read articles, listen to

4. The sample essays are written by ex-IELTS examiners. Analyse

5. Add your own translations and sample sentences to the

E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 1 of 101

What kind of care it needs/needed

Let's talk about zoos.!

Let’s talk about animals.

In terms of conservation, while zoos can assist in the preservation of endangered

captive (adj) imprisoned, (in) captivity Zoos exhibit captive

carnivore (n) a meat-eating carnivorous (adj) A lion is a carnivore.

cattle (n) cows (or similar Australia has a large

endangered (adj) seriously at risk of endanger (v) Pandas are

extinct (adj) having no living extinction (n) Dinosaurs went

fauna (n) animals The native fauna is

to forage (v) search widely for forager (n) Possums forage at

Word / Meaning Translation Related Example My example

predator (n) hunter, killer predation (n), A lion is an apex

prey (n) an anime that is prey on (v) A ﬁsh is a shark’s

wildlife (n) wild animals This is a great place

E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 6 of 101

E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 7 of 101

Describe an artwork (a painting, drawing, sculpture or decorative object)

Describe a gallery or museum you know about.

Let's talk about creativity.!

Creating art and meaning from waste, ABC Education!

aesthetic (adj / n) relating to the aesthetically She appreciates the

abstract (adj) using shapes, He is most famous for

artefact (n) an object made by The museum

artwork (n) a piece of art The government paid

canvas (n) a heavy, closely The painter started a

carve (v) to make something carving (n) He carved a ﬁgure

Word / Meaning Translation Related Example My example

masterpiece (n) a work of art made Da Vinci’s

moving (adj) emotional, touching move (v) The musical tribute

portrait (n) painting, drawing, portraiture (n) The president’s

priceless (adj) too valuable to be The priceless artwork

proliﬁc (adj) present in large The painter was

Let's talk about communicating online.!

Let’s talk about public speaking.

Certainly, it could be argued that more traditional methods of communicating had a

articulate (adj) able"to"express"ide inarticulate (adj) She’s an intelligent

chat (v) to talk with chatty (adj) Can we chat after

compose (v) to write a speech, composition (n) He spent hours

content (n) the information or The website’s content

keep in touch (v) to communicate or be in touch (v) It’s easy to keep in

misunderstand (v) to think you have misunderstanding When you don’t

orator (n) someone who oratory (adj) Obama is considered

public speaking (n) the activity of Many people have a

E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 17 of 101

Let’s talk about rules and regulations:

Now, let’s talk about crime and punishment:

E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 18 of 101

E2Language.com E2 IELTS Topic Toolkit 19 of 101

commit (v) to do something If you commit a crime,

criminal (n) someone who crime (n) The criminal escaped