50

Ratio 5
SIMPLIFYING RATIOS

1. Simplify the following ratios.

(a) 8 : 12

Answer (a) ………… : ………… [1]

(b) 65p : £2.34

Answer (b) ………… : ………… [1]

(c) m: m

Answer (c) ………… : ………… [1]

2. Simplify the ratio 48 : 75 : 90 : 102.

Answer ………… : ………… : ………… : ………… [2]

3. ‘Soft pink’ paint is made by mixing red and white paint in the ratio 2 : 3.

Which of these mixes will make ‘soft pink’ paint?

Write ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in the last column in the table.

Mix Amount of red Amount of white ‘Soft pink’

paint (litres) paint (litres) yes or no
A 2 3
B 1 2
C 3 2
D 4 5
E 1
F 6 8
G 4 6

[3]

4. A large jar of coffee costs £4.32 and a small jar costs £1.35.
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What is the ratio of the cost of a large jar of coffee to the cost of a small jar?
Express your ratio in its lowest terms.

Answer …………… : …………… [1]

5. Write 0.8 : 1 as a ratio of whole numbers in its lowest terms.

Answer ………… : ………… [1]

6. As part of a school project, Jane carried out a survey into the favourite colour of each
member of her school year. The results are displayed in the table.

RED BLUE GREEN YELLOW

15 25 40 15

(a) Complete the line to show the ratios.

RED : BLUE : GREEN : YELLOW

3 : …… : …… : ……
[1]

(b) What percentage of Jane’s school year chose BLUE as their favourite colour?

Answer (b) ……………% [2]

(c) Jane repeated the survey with the same 95 pupils six months later and found that
the same number of children favoured RED, 20% more children favoured BLUE,
37½ % less children favoured GREEN, and the remainder favoured YELLOW.

Complete the line below to show the ratio for the second survey.

RED : BLUE : GREEN : YELLOW

3 : …… : …… : ……

[3]

FINDING UNKNOWN QUANTITIES

1. 9:3=6:x
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Find the value of x.

Answer x = ……………… [2]

2. 8 : 4 : 12 = 6 : x : y
Find the value of x and the value of y.

Answer x = ……………… , y = ……………… [3]

3. Flaky pastry is made by using flour, margarine and lard in the ratio 8 : 3 : 2 by weight.
How many grams of margarine and lard are needed to mix with 200 grams of flour?

Answer ……………… grams of margarine

……………… grams of lard [2]

4. A square and a rectangle have the same area.

The sides of the rectangle are in the ratio 9 : 1.
Its perimeter is 200 cm.
What is the length of a side of the square?

Answer …………………… cm [3]

5. Julie has a bag containing x blue marbles and y red marbles.

The ratio of blue marbles to red marbles is 2 : 3.
She adds z blue marbles.
The ratio of blue marbles to red marbles is now 2 : 1.
What is the ratio between x and z?

Answer x : z = ………… : ………… [3]

6. (a) Nigel pours 1 carton of apple juice and 3 cartons of orange juice into a big jug.
What is the ratio of apple juice to orange juice in Nigel’s jug?
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Answer (a) ………… : ………… [1]

(b) Lesley pours 1 carton of apple juice and 1½ cartons of orange juice into another big jug.
What is the ratio of apple juice to orange juice in Lesley’s jug?

Answer (b) ………… : ………… [1]

(c) Tandi pours 1 carton of apple juice and 1 carton of orange juice into another big jug.
She only wants half as much apple juice as orange juice in her jug.
What should Tandi pour into her jug now?

Answer (c) ………… carton(s) of ………………………… [1]

Level 5

7.

Express the ratio y : x in its simplest form.

Answer …….…..… : ………...… [3]

8. If a : b = 5 : 3, c : d = 4 : 7 and a + 2c : b + d = 3 : 2, find the ratio a  2c : 2b  d.

Answer ……………… : ……………… [6]

DIVISION IN A GIVEN RATIO

1. In 2002 the town of Axon had 35 600 houses.

The ratio of detached houses to other types of houses was 1 : 4.
How many detached houses were there?
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Answer …………………… [2]

2. Alex and Ben share £520 in the ratio 1 : 3.

(a) How much does Ben receive?

Answer (a) £…………………… [2]

(b) What percentage of the £520 does Ben receive?

Answer (b) ……………………% [2]

3. Ancient coins were made of electrum.

Electrum is a mixture of gold and silver in the ratio 4 : 1.
(a) What is the weight of gold in an electrum coin weighing 20 g?

Answer (a) ……………………g [2]

(b) Ancient medals were made of a different mixture of gold and silver.
55% of this mixture was gold.
Write down the ratio of gold to silver in this mixture.
Give your answer in its simplest form.

Answer (b) ………… : ………… [2]

4. £11 700 is to be shared amongst three people in the ratio 4 : 10 : 25.

Find the value of the largest share.

Answer £ …………………… [2]

5. Mrs. Jones inherits £12 000.

She divides the £12 000 between her three children Laura, Mark and Mary in the ratio
7 : 8 : 9, respectively.
How much does Laura receive?
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Answer £ …………………… [2]

6. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 5 : 6 : 9.

Find the size of the largest angle.

Answer ………………………… [2]

7. A packet of cereal contains bran, nuts and raisins in the ratio 4 : 3 : 2.

If the packet contains 750 grams of cereal, how many grams of nuts does the packet contain?

Answer ………………………..… kg
[2]

8. Edna, Felicity and Greta have been left £28 750 by their Grandmother.
The money is to be shared between them in the ratio of their ages.
Edna is 18 years old, Felicity is 15 and Greta is 13.
How much more does Edna get than Greta?

Answer £ …………………………… [3]

9. Doug and Randy share a sum of money in the ratio 5 : 4.

Doug’s share was $19.25. What was the exact sum of money that they had to share?

Answer $ ………………………… [2]

10. Brass is made from the metals copper, zinc and tin in the ratio 7 : 3 : 2
How much copper is needed top make 60 kg of brass?
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Answer ………………………… kg [2]

11. To make orange paint, you mix 13 litres of yellow paint to 6 litres of red paint to 1 litre of
white paint. How many litres of each colour do you need to make 10 litres of orange paint?

Answer ……………… litres of yellow

……………… litres of red

……………… litres of white [3]

Level 5

12. You can make different colours of paint by mixing red, blue and yellow in different
proportions.
For example, you can make green by mixing 1 part blue to 1 part yellow.
(a) To make purple, you mix 3 parts red to 7 parts blue.
How much of each colour do you need to make 20 litres of purple paint?
Give your answer in litres.

Answer (a) ……………… litres of red

……………… litres of blue [2]

(b) To make orange, you mix 13 parts yellow to 7 parts red. How much of each colour do
you
need to make 10 litres of orange paint. Give your answer in litres.

Answer (b) ……………… litres of yellow

……………… litres of red [2]

Level 5

MAP RATIO

1. The scale of a map of Asia is 1 : 30 000 000. Find the actual distance in kilometres between
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the cities Shanghai and Vladivostok, which are 5.3 cm apart on the map.

Answer ………………………… km [2]

2. The scale of a map of Scotland is 1 : 600 000. Find the actual distance in kilometres between
the towns John O’Groats and Wick, which are 3.5 cm apart on the map.

Answer ………………………… km [2]

3. A map is drawn to a scale of 1 : 50 000.

An airport runway is represented by a line of length 4.6 cm on a map.
Calculate the actual length of the runway, giving your answer in kilometres.

Answer ………………………… km [2]

4. The scale of a map is 1 : 20 000 000. Find the actual distance in kilometres between two
cities which are 4.7 cm apart on the map.

Answer ………………………… km [2]

5. On a plan drawn to a scale of 1 : 40 000 an estate is shown as a rectangle 1.6 cm by 1.4 cm.
What is the actual area of the estate in hectares?
[1 hectare = 10 000 m2]

Answer ………………………… hectares [3]

DIRECT PROPORTION

1.

P
Car Park
Car Park Charges
15p for 8 minutes
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How much does it cost to park for 40 minutes?

Show your working.

………………… p [2]
Level 5

2. A petrol station shows this information:

10 litres = 2.2 gallons

How many gallons is 50 litres?

Answer ……………… gallons [2]

Level 5

3. A car uses 25 litres of petrol to travel 200 miles.

How many litres of petrol will the car use to travel 450 miles?

Answer …………………… litres [3]

4. A worker in an electronics factory can complete one circuit panel in 3 minutes 25 seconds.
Assuming that he continues to work at the same rate, calculate how long it will take him to
complete ten identical circuit panels. Give your answer in minutes and seconds.

Answer ……………… minutes ……………… seconds [2]

5. The table shows the amounts needed to make 36 mince pies.

Ingredient Amount for 36 pies Amount for 48 pies

Plain Flour 330 g
Lard 75 g
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Butter 75 g
Mincemeat 720 g

Calculate the amounts needed to make 48 mince pies.

Put your answers in the table.

[3]

6. A man works 40 hours in order to earn $420. Assuming the same rate of pay per hour,
calculate
(a) how much he will earn in 12 hours,

Answer (a) $ …………………… [1]

(b) how many hours he will have to work in order to earn $273.

Answer (b) ………………… hours [2]

7. A quire (25 sheets) of paper is 4 mm thick.

How thick a pile would 375 sheets of this paper make?
Give your answer in centimetres.

Answer ………………………cm [2]

8. A boat-building firms loses business and is declared bankrupt.

Shareholders receive compensation in the proportion $1.20 for every $200 worth of shares.
How much is received by someone holding shares worth $12 500?

Answer $ ……………………… [2]