Topic:-TRANSPORT

Question1 Very Short Questions

a What are the means of Transport by Land?

Ans Roads and Railways.

b What are Roads?

Ans Roads are routes of travel by two-wheelers, three-wheelers, cars, trucks

and buses.

c What is the importance of Jhansi in this network of roads?

Ans Jhansi is the junction of the NS-EW Corridors.

d. Which are the three Gauges in the Indian Railways?

Ans Broad, Metre and Narrow Gauge.

e. Why has travel by sea decreased?

Ans The expansion of the Railways and the development of roads have reduced
the importance of Water Transport.

Question2 Short Questions

a. What is the meaning of Transport? What are the three means of

Transport?

Ans Transport is the means of carrying people and goods from one place to
another.
The three means of transport are: Land, Water and Air.
b. How are roads classified?

Ans Roads are classified according to their importance as:

(i) Expressways, (ii) National Highways (NH), (iii) State Highways, (iv) Major
and Minor District Roads and (v) Village Roads.

c. What are National Highways?

Ans They are the major trunk roads which link the far comers of our land.
They are maintained by the Central Government and serves inter-state
traffic. They connect the capital cities, ports and important towns.
 d. What is the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ)? Why is it so called?
Ans This is the biggest and most ambitious project. It is a highway network
that connects Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai forming a
quadrilateral of sorts.

e. Name the four sections of the Golden Quadrilateral.

Ans The four sections are:
(i) Delhi-Kolkata NH 2
(ii) Chennai-Mumbai NH 4 / 7 / 46
(iii) Kolkata-Chennai NH 5
(iv) Mumbai-Delhi NH 8 / 76 / 79

f. Mention any two ways in which Golden Quadrilateral will help in the
economic development of the country?
A. The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network connecting India’s for
largest metropolises: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata the project will
help industrial development by easing the process of supply of raw
materials. It will also help to connect many remote areas with the main
cities.

g. Which are the stretches of roads common to the GQ and the N-S and E-W
Corridors?

A. The four stretches are:

(i) Delhi-Agra common to GQ and NS Corridor.
(ii) Sikandra-Kanpur common to GQ and EW Corridor.
(iii) Bangalore- Krishnagiri common to GQ and NS Corridor.
(iv) Udaipur-Chittorgarh common to GQ and EW Corridor.

h. Why is the Railway system divided into Zones? How many Railway Zones
are there?

A. For efficiency and convenience the Railway system is divided into Zones.
There are 17 Railway Zones.

i. Mention any three problems being faced by the Indian Railways.

A. (i) Railways are difficult to construct in the hilly and mountainous parts of
India.
(ii) The huge size of the country makes it difficult to connect the remote
 parts of the country.
(iii) Obsolete trains, tracks and equipment make railway unsafe.
j. What purpose does sea travel serve now-a-days?

A. India has over 14,000 kilometres of navigable waterways made up of rivers

and canals. For example, the backwaters of Kerala are extensively used to
carry goods and the local products. The shipping of mineral ore,
petroleum, heavy machinery, supplement internal, transport facilities.

h. Mention one advantage and one disadvantage each of inland waterways.

A. Inland water ways are the cheapest means of transport and suitable for
carrying heavy and bulky materials.
Disadvantage: Water transport is limited to the areas where rivers are
navigable and oceanic routes exist.

Question3 Long Questions

a. Name the Current Expressways.

A. (i) Mumbai-Pune Expressway: 93 km., long connecting Mumbai to Pune. It
forms a byepass route for NH 4 between these cities.
(ii) Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway: This 28 km. expressway goes a long way in
easing traffic between Delhi, the national capital and Gurgaon a satellite
city of Delhi (though lying in Haryana).
(iii) Delhi-Noida-Greater Noida: Two separate expressways providing high
speed connectivity between Delhi, Noida and Greater Noida. The DND
Flyway was the first expressway built in Delhi.
(iv) Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway: 95 km. long connecting
Ahmedabad and Vadodara. It is a byepass for NH 8.
(v) Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor: A 111 km. long expressway
in Karnataka
between Bangalore and Mysore.

b. Name the future expressways.

A. : These are either in the planning stage or under construction.
(i) Yamuna Expressway: Initiated in 2003, it is a 165 km. project between
Agra and Greater Noida.
(ii) Ganga Expressway: It is planned as a 1,047 km. access controlled
eight-lane expressway that will connect Greater Noida to Ballia.
(iii) Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway: This 135 km. long expressway
will run on the west of Delhi scheduled to be completed in 2009.
(iv) Hindon Expressway: This 250 km. long expressway in Uttar Pradesh
and Uttarakhand will connect Ghaziabad to Dehradun and Haridwar. It is
 still in the planning stage.

c. What are the advantages of Road Transport?

A. i) Fast and comfortable.
(ii) It will help in industrial growth of the towns through which it passes.
(iii) It will help in transport of the agricultural produce from the hinterland
to the major cities and ports.
(iv) It will help in providing job opportunities.
(v) It will increase demand for steel, cement and other reconstruction
materials.
(vi) It helps in tourism.

d. What are the demerits of our Road Transport?

A. (i) Poor quality of roads and their maintenance have led to much wear
and tear of vehicles and increase in accidents.
(ii) The development of roads has not kept pace with the rise in
population. The result is that the roads in some of our small towns have
become bottlenecks, causing traffic jams. The whole traffic scenario is
chaotic.
(iii) Increase in pollution caused by vehicles spewing jets of diesel vapour
which is the cause of diseases, smog and climatic change.
(iv) The construction of highways has given rise to displacement of people
and destruction of large tracts of agricultural land.

e. What are the benefits of the Golden Quadrilateral?

A. (i) It will cut down travel time by about 20-25%.

(ii) It will help industrial growth of the towns through which it passes.
(iii) It will help Transport of the agricultural produce from the hinterland
to the major cities and ports.
(iv) It will help job opportunities in construction as well as in demand for
steel, cement and other construction materials.

f. Name four advantages and three disadvantages of Railways?

A. Advantages:
(i) Fast, comfortable and cheap.
(ii) It is easy to travel from Jammu to Kanyakumari in a matter of two
days.
(iii) It helps the movement of goods cheaply.
(iv) It helps in tourism.
Disadvantages:
(i) The greatest disadvantages are the three different gauges. This causes
inconveniences and delay for passengers and goods in changing trains.
 (ii) On Ghat sections, rail journey can be hazardous.
(iii) Construction of new railway lines has led to displacement of people
from their land.

g. What are the problems of Air Transport?

A. (i) Heavy air traffic at the major airports has increased the hazards of air
travel. When many airlines await clearance for landing and taking off, the
airports get heavily crowded and this makes traffic control more difficult.
(ii) Terrorism, hijackings, sabotage, are becoming more common due to
politics. Steps are being taken to control them.

h. Mention two advantages and one disadvantage of air transport.

A. Two advantages of air transport are:

(i) It is the fastest and comfortable mode of transport. It connects the
remote areas of the country.
(ii) Air transport can move across mountain barriers, sandy deserts, large
expanses of water and forests.
One disadvantage of air transport: It depends on weather conditions.
Flights are often delayed due to bad weather.

Question4 Give Geographical Reasons for the following:

a. Why is road transport in India considered more useful than rail

transport? State two reasons in support of your answer.
A. (i) Road transport is more flexible than rail as buses, trucks and cars may
be stopped anywhere and at any time for passengers and goods whereas
trains stop at stations only.
(ii) Road transports provide door to door service. Roads can negotiate high
gradients and sharp turns to reach at all most all areas whereas trains
cannot do the same. Roads can be constructed at hilly areas also.

b. Why is road transport favoured in the northern plains of India:

A. Road transport is favoured in the Northern plains due to its fertile soils
and the high density of population.

c. Give reasons to explain the lack of rail transport in Northern India.

A. Northern India has rugged relief and large number of rivers which makes
construction of railways expensive.
 d. The Ganga is navigable from its mouth right upto Haridwar.
A. The area near the mouth of the Ganga is an extremely plain region with a
very gentle slope. Due to the gentle slope, the rivers flow very steadily in
the plain.
State two reasons why the rivers of the Deccan Plateau are non-perennial
and non-navigable.

A. The two reasons for the rivers of Deccan Plateau being non-navigable and
non-perennial are:
(i) They flow through rocky region.
(ii) They are dependent on monsoon winds for their water.

f. Why has the importance of inland waterways declined? Give any two
reasons.

A. Rivers of India face the problem of silting. The depth of water in some
rivers decline in the dry season making navigation difficult. It is slow
means of transport

Question5 Name the Following:

a. Name three important sea ports each on the East and West Coast.

A. East Coast: Chennai, Kolkata, Vishakhapatnam.

West Coast: Mumbai, Marmagoa (Goa), Mangalore.

b. Name four international airports.

A. (i) Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI), Delhi.

(ii) Sahara Airport, Mumbai.
(iii) Dum-Dum, Kolkata.
(iv) Meenambakam, Chennai.
c. Name two National airlines.
A. Air India and Indian Airlines
d. Name two private Airlines.

A. Indigo and Jet Airways.

e. An important inland waterway of north east India.
A. The National Waterway No. 2—The river Brahmaputra connecting
Dhubri—Guwahati— Dibrugarh.
f. One expressway with its terminal cities.
A. The Sher Shah Suri Marg connecting Delhi and Amritsar.
g. A major port which is not located on the sea coast and is at a distance of
128 km from the coast along the banks of a river.
A. Kolkata port.
h. Name two areas where helicopter services may be used?
A. Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh (hilly areas).

Year 2012
Q. a)Why has the importance of inland waterways declined ? Give any two
reasons. [2]
(b) Name two areas where helicopter services may be used? [2]
(c) Mention any three problems being faced by the Indian Railways. [3]
(d) What is the Golden Quadrilateral? Mention any two ways in which it
will help in the economic development of the country. [3]

A. a) Importance of waterways is declining because :

(i) It is a slow means of transport.
(ii) Rivers of India do not have a regular flow of water as water is diverted
for
irrigation.
(b) Helicopter services may be used in :
(i) Mountains (ii) Flooded areas.
(c) Problems faced by Indian railways are :
(i) It lack repair and maintenance of tracks and bridges.
(ii) India as the railways operation is on their gauges and shift from gauge
to another is a problem.
(iii) Rail traffic has increased and the old tracks are not able to carry the
increased load and accidents are frequent.
(d) Golden Quadrilateral comprises the national highways connecting
DelhiMumbai-
Chennai-Kolkata by a 6-lane super highway. It has a total length of
5846 km.
Two ways it will help in the economic development of the country are :
(i) India is a land of vast distances from north-south as well as from east-
west.
This forms an integrated transport system and bring different people
together.
(ii) Cities lying close to these roads will also be well developed and
enhance the
growth of our country.
 Year 2013
Q. Give one disadvantage of air transport. Why is it still a popular means of
transportation in India ? [2]
(b) (i) Give two reasons why peninsular rivers are not ideal for navigation.
(ii) Name a port on the east coast which is often hit by cyclones during the
months of October and November. [3]

A. (a)Disadvantage of air transport: It has limited carrying capacity still it is

popular because it is free of physical barriers such as mountain range,
valleys etc.
(b) Peninsular rivers are not ideal for navigation because
(i) 1. Rivers are seasonal in nature.
2. Rivers flow through undualting rocky plateau region.
(ii) Vishakhapatnam port is often hit by cyclones during October and
November.

Year 2014
Q. (a) Why is road transport in India considered more useful than rail
transport ?
State two reasons in support of your answer. [2]
(b) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage each of inland
waterways.
A. a) Road transport is more useful than tail transport as :
(i) Door to door service is most attractive feature of road transport.
(ii) They can be constructed in hilly areas as they can negotiate sharp
bends andslopes.
(b) Advantage of Inland waterways—They are cheaper than any other
transport.
Disadvantage—Because of slow speed it can not compete with other
means of
transport.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. They carry almost 90% of the country’s passenger traffic and 65%
of its freight.
(a) Roadways
(b) Railways
(c) Airways
 (d) Waterways
A. (a) Roadways

2. This highway network connects four largest metropolitan cities:

Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.
(a) Expressways
(b) National Highways
(c) Golden Quadrilateral
(d) North-South East-West Corridor
A. (c) Golden Quadrilateral

3. This four/six expressways connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari and

Porbandar to Silchar.
(a) National Highways
(b) North-South East-West Corridor
(c) Golden Quadrilateral
(d) State Highways
A. (b) North-South East-West Corridor

4. Travel by sea has decreased.

(a) The expansion of the railways and the development of roads
have reduced the importance of water transport.
(b) Water transport is very expensive as compared to rail, road or
airways.
(c) Water transport requires high maintenance cost which has
resulted in its unpopularity.
(d) Water ways cannot carry heavy and bulky goods.
A. (a) The expansion of the railways and the development of roads
have reduced the importance of water transport.

5. A major port which is not located on the sea coast and is at a

distance of 128km from the coast along the banks of a river.
(a) Paradwip port
(b) Chennai port
 (c) Kolkata port
(d) Vishakapatnam port

(c)Kolkata port

6. India’s second longest six-laned controlled access expressway stretch, fast

moving to minimize the travel time between Delhi and Agra to two hours.
(a) Ahmedabad- Vadodara Expressway
(b) Yamuna Expressway
(c) Noida Greater Noida
(d) Chennai- bypass Expressway
A. (b) Yamuna Expressway

7. India’s first expressway that opened in 2001.

(a) Mumbai- Pune Expressway
(b) Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway
(c) Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway
(d) Ambala-Chandigarh Expressway
A. (c) Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway

8. This form of transport is the lifeline of the country’s inland transport.

(a) Railways
(b) Roadways
(c) Airways
(d) Waterways
A. (a) Railways

9. The Northern plains of India have high density of road networks.

(a) Presence of flat terrain.
(b) This is an agriculturally rich region and roads are required to transport
 food grains and other inputs from one region to another.
(c) This region has high density of population and the road network caters
to this large population.
(d)All of these.
A. (d) All of these.

10. The north-eastern states do not have good road network?

(a) Due to rugged land surface.
(b) Presence of swift streams which necessitates construction of large
number of bridges that add up to the construction cost.
(c) Presence of thick forest hinders road construction.
(d) All of these.
A. (d) All of these.

11. This is the fastest mode of transport.

(a) Waterways
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways
A. (d) Airways

12. This was established to provide health services to the petroleum sector
including ONGC and Oil India Ltd.
(a) Airport Authority of India
(b) Pawan Hans Helicopter Ltd.
(c) Central Public Works Department
(d) None of these.
A. (b) Pawan Hans Helicopter Ltd.

13. Name one important sea port on the East Coast.

(a) Vishakhapatnam
 (b) Mumbai
(c) Mangalore
(d) Marmagoa
A. (a) Vishakhapatnam

14. Name one important sea port on the West Coast.

(a) Kolkata
(b) Mumbai
(c) Chennai
(d) None of these
A. (b) Mumbai

15. The importance of inland waterways has declined due to

(a) Rivers of India face the problem of silting.
(b) The depth of water in some rivers decline in the dry season making
navigation difficult.
(c) It is slow means of transport.
(d) All of these.
A. (d) All of these.