Verifying The Switch RTL Core

SYSTEMVERILOG-BASED
COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO
VERIFYING THE SWITCH
RTL CORE
STEP-BY-
STEP
TUTORIAL
WWW.TESTBENCH.IN - Easy Labs : SV
testbench.in/SL_01_INTRODUCTION.html
INTRODUCTION
In this tutorial, we will verify the Switch RTL core. Following are the steps we follow to
verify the Switch RTL core.
1) Understand the specification
2) Developing Verification Plan
3) Building the Verification Environment. We will build the Environment in Multiple phases,
so it will be easy for you to lean step by step.
Phase 1) We will develop the testcase and interfaces, and integrate them in these
with the DUT in top module.
Phase 2) We will Develop the Environment class.
Phase 3) We will develop reset and configuration methods in Environment class. Then
using these methods, we will reset the DUT and configure the port address.
Phase 4) We will develop a packet class based on the stimulus plan. We will also
write a small code to test the packet class implementation.
Phase 5) We will develop a driver class. Packets are generated and sent to dut using
driver.
Phase 6) We will develop receiver class. Receiver collects the packets coming from
the output port of the DUT.
Phase 7) We will develop scoreboard class which does the comparison of the
expected packet with the actual packet received from the DUT.
Phase 8) We will develop coverage class based on the coverage plan.
Phase 9) In this phase , we will write testcases and analyze the coverage report.
1/1
testbench.in/SL_02_SPECIFICATION.html
SPECIFICATION
Switch Specification:
This is a simple switch. Switch is a packet based protocol. Switch drives the incoming
packet which comes from the input port to output ports based on the address contained in
the packet.
The switch has a one input port from which the packet enters. It has four output ports
where the packet is driven out.

Packet Format:
Packet contains 3 parts. They are Header, data and frame check sequence.
Packet width is 8 bits and the length of the packet can be between 4 bytes to
259 bytes.
Packet Header:
Packet header contains three fields DA, SA and length.
DA: Destination address of the packet is of 8 bits. The switch drives the packet to
respective ports based on this destination address of the packets. Each output port has 8-
bit unique port address. If the destination address of the packet matches the port
address, then switch drives the packet to the output port.
1/4
SA: Source address of the packet from where it originate. It is 8 bits.
Length: Length of the data is of 8 bits and from 0 to 255. Length is measured in terms
of bytes.
If Length = 0, it means data length is 0 bytes



Data: Data should be in terms of bytes and can take anything.
FCS: Frame check sequence

This field contains the security check of the packet. It is calculated over the header and
data.

Configuration:
Switch has four output ports. These output ports address have to be configured to a
unique address. Switch matches the DA field of the packet with this configured port
address and sends the packet on to that port. Switch contains a memory. This memory
has 4 locations, each can store 8 bits. To configure the switch port address, memory write
operation has to be done using memory interface. Memory address (0,1,2,3) contains the
address of port(0,1,2,3) respectively.
Interface Specification:
The Switch has one input Interface, from where the packet enters and 4 output interfaces
from where the packet comes out and one memory interface, through the port address
can be configured. Switch also has a clock and asynchronous reset signal.
Memory Interface:
2/4
Through memory interfaced output port address are configured. It accepts 8 bit data to be
written to memory. It has 8 bit address inputs. Address 0,1,2,3 contains the address of the
port 0,1,2,3 respectively.
There are 4 input signals to memory interface. They are
input mem_en;

input mem_rd_wr;

input[1:0] mem_add;

input[7:0] mem_data;
All the signals are active high and are synchronous to the positive edge of clock signal.

To configure a port address,

1. Assert the mem_en signal.

2. Asser the mem_rd_wr signal.
3. Drive the port number (0 or 1 or 2 or 3) on the mem_add signal

4. Drive the 8 bit port address on to mem_data signal.
Input Port
Packets are sent into the switch using input port.

All the signals are active high and are synchronous to the positive edge of clock signal.
input port has 2input signals. They are
input[7:0]data;
input data_status;
To send the packet in to switch,
1. Assert the data_status signal.

2. Send the packet on the data signal byte by byte.

3. After sending all the data bytes, deassert the data_status signal.
4. There should be at least 3 clock cycles difference between packets.
Output Port
3/4
Switch sends the packets out using the output ports. There are 4 ports, each having data,
ready and read signals. All the signals are active high and are synchronous to the positive
edge of clock signal.
Signal list is
output[7:0] port0;
output[7:0] port1;
output[7:0] port2;

output[7:0] port3;
output ready_0;
output ready_1;
output ready_2;
output ready_3;
input read_0;
input read_1;
input read_2;
input read_3;
When the data is ready to be sent out from the port, switch asserts ready_* signal high
indicating that data is ready to be sent.
If the read_* signal is asserted, when
ready_* is high, then the data comes out of the
port_* signal after one clock cycle.

(S) RTL code:
RTL code is attached with the tar files. From the Phase 1, you can download the tar files.
4/4
testbench.in/SL_03_VERIFICATION_PLAN.html
VERIFICATION PLAN
Overview
This Document describes the Verification Plan for Switch. The Verification Plan is based
on System Verilog Hardware Verification Language. The methodology used for
Verification is Constraint random coverage driven verification.
Feature Extraction
This section contains list of all the features to be verified.

1)
ID: Configuration

Description: Configure all the 4 port address with unique values.
2)

ID: Packet DA

field of packet should be any of the port address. All the 4 port address
Description: DA
should be used.
3)

ID : Packet payload
Description: Length
can be from 0 to 255. Send packets with all the lengths.
4)

ID: Length

Description:
Length field
contains length of the payload.

Send Packet with correct length field and incorrect length fields.
5)

ID: FCS

Description:
Good FCS:
Send packet with good FCS.

Bad FCS: Send packet with corrupted FCS.
Stimulus Generation Plan
1) Packet DA: Generate packet DA with the configured address.

2) Payload length: generate payload length ranging from 2 to 255.

3) Correct or Incorrect Length field.

4) Generate good and bad FCS.
1/2
Coverage Plan
1) Cover all the port address configurations.

2) Cover all the packet lengths.

length fields.
3) Cover all correct and incorrect

4) Cover good and bad FCS.

5) Cover all the above combinations.
Verification Environment
Report a Bug or Comment on This section - Your input is what keeps Testbench.in
improving with time!
2/2
testbench.in/SL_04_PHASE_1_TOP.html
PHASE 1 TOP
In phase 1,
1) We will write SystemVerilog Interfaces for input port, output port and memory port.

2) We will write Top module where testcase and DUT instances are done.

3) DUT and TestBench interfaces are connected in top module.

4) Clock is generator in top module.
NOTE: In every file you will see the syntax
ìfndefGUARD_*

èndifGUARD_*
Interfaces
In the interface.sv file, declare the 3 interfaces in the following way.

All the interfaces has clock as input.

All the signals in interface are logic type.

All the signals are synchronized to clock except reset in clocking block.

Signal directional w.r.t TestBench is specified with modport.
ìfndefGUARD_INTERFACE
`defineGUARD_INTERFACE
//////////////////////////////////////////

// Interface declaration for the memory///

//////////////////////////////////////////
interface mem_interface(inputbit clock);

logic[7:0] mem_data;
logic[1:0] mem_add;
logic mem_en;

logic mem_rd_wr;
clocking cb@(posedge clock);

defaultinput#1output#1;
output mem_data;
output mem_add;
output mem_en;
output mem_rd_wr;

endclocking
modportMEM(clocking cb,input clock);
1/7
endinterface
////////////////////////////////////////////

// Interface for the input side of switch.//

// Reset signal is also passed hear. //
////////////////////////////////////////////

interface input_interface(inputbit clock);

logic data_status;
logic[7:0] data_in;

logic reset;

output data_status;
output data_in;
endclocking
modportIP(clocking cb,output reset,input clock);
endinterface
/////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Interface for the output side of the switch.//

// output_interface is for only one output port//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
interface output_interface(inputbit clock);

logic[7:0] data_out;

logic ready;

logic read;

input data_out;
input ready;

output read;
endclocking
modportOP(clocking cb,input clock);
endinterface
//////////////////////////////////////////////////
èndif
Testcase
2/7
Testcase is a program block which provides an entry point for the test and creates a
scope that encapsulates program-wide data. Currently this is an empty testcase which
just ends the simulation after 100 time units. Program block contains all the above
declared interfaces as arguments. This testcase has initial and final blocks.
ìfndefGUARD_TESTCASE

`defineGUARD_TESTCASE
program testcase(mem_interface.MEM mem_intf,input_interface.IP

input_intf,output_interface.OP output_intf[4]);
initial

begin

$display(" ******************* Start of testcase ****************");
#1000;

end
final

$display(" ******************** End of testcase *****************");
endprogram
èndif
Top Module
The modules that are included in the source text but are not instantiated are called top
modules. This module is the highest scope of modules. Generally this module is named
as "top" and referenced as "top module". Module name can be anything.
Do the following in the top module:
1)Generate the clock signal.
bit Clock;
initial

forever#10 Clock =~Clock;
2)Do the instances of memory interface.
mem_interface mem_intf(Clock);
3)Do the instances of input interface.
input_interface input_intf(Clock);
4)There are 4 output ports. So do 4 instances of output_interface.
output_interface output_intf[4](Clock);
3/7
5)Do the instance of testcase and pass all the above declared interfaces.
testcase TC(mem_intf,input_intf,output_intf);
6)Do the instance of DUT.
switch DUT(.
7)Connect all the interfaces and DUT. The design which we have taken is in verilog. So
Verilog DUT instance is connected signal by signal.
switch DUT(.clk(Clock),

.reset(input_intf.reset),

.data_status(input_intf.data_status),
.data(input_intf.data_in),

.port0(output_intf[0].data_out),


.ready_0(output_intf[0].ready),

.read_0(output_intf[0].read),
.mem_en(mem_intf.mem_en),
.mem_rd_wr(mem_intf.mem_rd_wr),
.mem_add(mem_intf.mem_add),
.mem_data(mem_intf.mem_data));
4/7
Top Module Source Code:
ìfndefGUARD_TOP

`defineGUARD_TOP
module top();
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Clock Declaration and Generation
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
bit Clock;
initial

forever#10 Clock =~Clock;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Memory interface instance //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
mem_interface mem_intf(Clock);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Input interface instance //

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
input_interface input_intf(Clock);
5/7
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// output interface instance //

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
output_interface output_intf[4](Clock);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Program block Testcase instance
//

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
testcase TC(mem_intf,input_intf,output_intf);
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// DUT instance and signal connection //

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
switch DUT(.clk(Clock),

.reset(input_intf.reset),

.data_status(input_intf.data_status),
.data(input_intf.data_in),



.mem_en(mem_intf.mem_en),
.mem_rd_wr(mem_intf.mem_rd_wr),
.mem_add(mem_intf.mem_add),
.mem_data(mem_intf.mem_data));
endmodule
èndif
(S)Download the phase 1 files:
switch_1.tar

(S)Run the simulation:

vcs -sverilog -f filelist -R
-ntb_opts dtm
6/7
(S)Log file after simulation:
******************* Start of testcase ****************

******************** End of testcase *****************
7/7
testbench.in/SL_05_PHASE_2_ENVIRONMENT.html
PHASE 2 ENVIRONMENT
In this phase, we will write
Environment class.

Virtual interface declaration.

Defining Environment class
constructor.

Defining required methods for execution. Currently these methods will not be
implemented in this phase.
All the above are done in Environment.sv file.
We will write a testcase using the above define environment class in testcase.sv file.
Environment Class:
The class is a base class used to implement verification environments. Testcase contains
the instance of the environment class and has access to all the public declaration of
environment class.
All methods are declared as virtual methods. In environment class, we will formalize the
simulation steps using virtual methods. The methods are used to control the execution of
the simulation.
Following are the methods which are going to be defined in environment class.
1) new() : In constructor method, we will connect the virtual interfaces which are passed
as argument to the virtual interfaces to those which are declared in environment class.
2) build(): In this method , all the objects like driver, monitor etc are constructed. Currently
this method is empty as we did not develop any other component.
3) reset(): in this method we will reset the DUT.
4) cfg_dut(): In this method, we will configure the DUT output port address.
5) start(): in this method, we will call the methods which are declared in the other
components like driver and monitor.
6) wait_for_end(): this method is used to wait for the end of the simulation. Waits until all
the required operations in other components are done.
7) report(): This method is used to print the TestPass and TestFail status of the
simulation, based on the error count..
1/6
8) run(): This method calls all the above declared methods in a sequence order. The
testcase calls this method, to start the simulation.
We are not implementing build(), reset(), cfg_dut() , strat() and report() methods in this
phase.
Connecting the virtual interfaces of Environment class to the physical interfaces of top
module.
Verification environment contains the declarations of the virtual interfaces. Virtual

interfaces are just a handles(like pointers). When a virtual interface is declared, it only
creats a handle. It doesnot creat a real interface.
Constructor method should be declared with virtual interface as arguments, so that when
the object is created in testcase, new() method can pass the interfaces in to environment
class where they are assigned to the local virtual interface handle. With this, the
Environment class virtual interfaces are pointed to the physical interfaces which are
declared in the top module.

Declare virtual interfaces in Environment class.
virtual mem_interface.MEM mem_intf ;

virtual input_interface.IP input_intf ;

virtual output_interface.OP output_intf[4];
The construction of Environment class is declared with virtual interface as arguments.
functionnew(virtual mem_interface.MEM mem_intf_new ,

virtual input_interface.IP input_intf_new ,

virtual output_interface.OP output_intf_new[4]);
2/6
In constructor methods, the interfaces which are arguments are connected to the virtual
interfaces of environment class.
this.mem_intf = mem_intf_new ;
this.input_intf = input_intf_new ;
this.output_intf = output_intf_new ;
Run :
The run() method is called from the testcase to start the simulation. run() method calls all
the methods which are defined in the Environment class.
task run();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of run() method",$time);

build();
reset();
cfg_dut();

start();

wait_for_end();

report();

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of run() method",$time);

endtask: run
Environment Class Source Code:
ìfndefGUARD_ENV

`defineGUARD_ENV
class Environment ;
3/6

virtual output_interface.OP output_intf[4];
functionnew(virtual mem_interface.MEM mem_intf_new ,


virtual output_interface.OP output_intf_new[4]);

this.output_intf = output_intf_new
;
$display(" %0d : Environment : created env object",$time);

endfunction:new
functionvoid build();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of build() method",$time);

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of build() method",$time);
endfunction:build
task reset();

: Environment : start of reset() method",$time);
$display(" %0d

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of reset() method",$time);

endtask: reset
task cfg_dut();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of cfg_dut() method",$time);

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of cfg_dut() method",$time);
endtask: cfg_dut
taskstart();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of start() method",$time);

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of start() method",$time);

endtask:start
task wait_for_end();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of wait_for_end() method",$time);

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of wait_for_end() method",$time);
endtask: wait_for_end
task run();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of run() method",$time);

build();
reset();
cfg_dut();
start();
wait_for_end();

4/6
report();

endtask: run
task report();
endtask: report
endclass
èndif
We will create a file Global.sv for global requirement. In this file, define all the port
address as macros in this file. Define a variable error as integer to keep track the number
of errors occurred during the simulation.
ìfndefGUARD_GLOBALS

`defineGUARD_GLOBALS
`defineP08'h00

`defineP18'h11
`defineP28'h22
`defineP38'h33
int error =0;

int num_of_pkts =10;
èndif
Now we will update the testcase. Take an instance of the Environment class and call the
run method of the Environment class.
ìfndef GUARD_TESTCASE

`define GUARD_TESTCASE

Environment env;
initial

begin

env =new(mem_intf,input_intf,output_intf);
env.run();
#1000;

end
5/6
final
endprogram
èndif
(S)Download the phase 2 source code:
switch_2.tar


vcs -sverilog -f filelist -R -ntb_opts dtm
(S)Log report after the simulation:

0 : Environemnt : created env object

0 : Environemnt : start of run() method
0 : Environemnt : start of build() method

0 : Environemnt : end of build() method

0 : Environemnt : start of reset() method
0 : Environemnt : end of reset() method

0 : Environemnt : start of cfg_dut() method
0 : Environemnt : end of cfg_dut() method

0 : Environemnt : start of start() method
0 : Environemnt : end of start() method

0 : Environemnt : start of wait_for_end() method

0 : Environemnt : end of wait_for_end() method
0 : Environemnt : end of run() method

******************** End of testcase *****************
6/6
testbench.in/SL_06_PHASE_3_RESET.html
PHASE 3 RESET
In this phase we will reset and configure the DUT.
The Environment class has reset() method which contains the logic to reset the DUT and
cfg_dut() method which contains the logic to configure the DUT port address.
NOTE: Clocking block signals can be driven only using a non-blocking assignment.
Define the reset() method.

1) Set all the DUT input signals to a known state.
mem_intf.cb.mem_data <=0;

mem_intf.cb.mem_add <=0;

mem_intf.cb.mem_en <=0;

mem_intf.cb.mem_rd_wr <=0;
input_intf.cb.data_in <=0;
input_intf.cb.data_status <=0;

output_intf[0].cb.read <=0;
2) Reset the DUT.
// Reset the DUT

input_intf.reset <=1;

repeat(4)@ input_intf.clock;

input_intf.reset <=0;
1/3
3) Updated the cfg_dut method.
task cfg_dut();


@(posedge mem_intf.clock);

mem_intf.cb.mem_add <=8'h0;
mem_intf.cb.mem_data <=`P0;
$display(" %0d : Environment : Port 0 Address %h ",$time,`P0);






mem_intf.cb.mem_add <=0;
mem_intf.cb.mem_data <=0;

endtask: cfg_dut
(4) In wait_for_end method, wait for some clock cycles.


repeat(10000)@(input_intf.clock);

$display(" %0d : Environment : end of wait_for_end() method",$time);

endtask: wait_for_end
(S)Download the Phase 3 source code:
2/3
switch_3.tar

(S)Log File report

0 : Environment : created env object
0 : Environment : start of run() method

0 : Environment : start of build() method

0 : Environment : end of build() method
0 : Environment : start of reset() method

40 : Environment : end of reset() method

40 : Environment : start of cfg_dut() method
70 : Environment : Port 0 Address 00



150 : Environment : end of cfg_dut() method

150 : Environment : start of start() method

150 : Environment : end of start() method

150 : Environment : start of wait_for_end() method

100150 : Environment : end of wait_for_end() method

100150 : Environment : end of run() method

******************** End of testcase *****************
3/3
testbench.in/SL_07_PHASE_4_PACKET.html
PHASE 4 PACKET
In this Phase, We will define a packet and then test it whether it is generating as
expected.
Packet is modeled using class. Packet class should be able to generate all possible
packet types randomly. Packet class should also implement required methods like
packing(), unpacking(), compare() and display() methods.
We will write the packet class in packet.sv file. Packet class variables and constraints
have been derived from stimulus generation plan.
Revisit Stimulus Generation Plan

1) Packet DA: Generate packet DA
with the configured address.

2) Payload length: generate payload length ranging from 2 to 255.

3) Correct or Incorrect Length field.

4) Generate good and bad FCS.
1) Declare FCS types as enumerated data types. Name members as GOOD_FCS and
BAD_FCS.
typedefenum{GOOD_FCS,BAD_FCS} fcs_kind_t;
2) Declare the length type as enumerated data type. Name members as

GOOD_LENGTH and BAD_LENGTH.
typedefenum{GOOD_LENGTH,BAD_LENGTH} length_kind_t;
3) Declare the length type and fcs type variables as rand.
rand fcs_kind_t fcs_kind;

rand length_kind_t length_kind;
4) Declare the packet field as rand. All fields are bit data types. All fields are 8 bit packet
array. Declare the payload as dynamic array.
randbit[7:0] length;

randbit[7:0] da;

randbit[7:0] sa;

randbytedata[];//Payload using Dynamic array,size is generated on the fly

randbyte fcs;
5) Constraint the DA field to be any one of the configured address.
1/10
constraint address_c { da inside{`P0,`P1,`P2,`P3};}
6) Constrain the payload dynamic array size to between 1 to 255.
constraint payload_size_c {data.sizeinside{[1:255]};}
7) Constrain the payload length to the length field based on the length type.
constraint length_kind_c {

(length_kind ==GOOD_LENGTH)-> length ==data.size;

(length_kind ==BAD_LENGTH)-> length ==data.size+2;}
Use solve before to direct the randomization to generate first the payload dynamic array
size and then randomize length field.
constraint solve_size_length {solvedata.sizebefore length;}
8) Constrain the FCS field initial value based on the fcs kind field.
constraint fcs_kind_c {

(fcs_kind ==GOOD_FCS)-> fcs ==8'b0;

(fcs_kind ==BAD_FCS)-> fcs ==8'b1;}
9) Define the FCS method.
functionbyte cal_fcs;
integer i;
byte result ;
result =0;

result = result ^ da;

result = result ^ sa;

result = result ^ length;

for(i =0;i<data.size;i++)

result = result ^data[i];

result = fcs ^ result;

return result;

endfunction: cal_fcs
10) Define display methods:

Display method displays the current value of the packet fields to standard output.
virtualfunctionvoid display();
$display("\n---------------------- PACKET KIND ------------------------- ");

$display(" fcs_kind : %s ",fcs_kind.name());

$display(" length_kind : %s ",length_kind.name());

$display("-------- PACKET ---------- ");
$display(" 0 : %h ",da);

$display(" 1 : %h ",sa);

2/10
$display(" 2 : %h ",length);
foreach(data[i])

$write("%3d : %0h ",i +3,data[i]);

$display("\n %2d : %h ",data.size()+3,
cal_fcs);

$display("----------------------------------------------------------- \n");

endfunction: display
11) Define pack method:

Packing is commonly used to convert the high level data to low level data that can be
applied to DUT. In packet class various fields are generated. Required fields are
concatenated to form a stream of bytes which can be driven conveniently to DUT
interface by the driver.
virtualfunctionintunsigned byte_pack(reflogic[7:0] bytes[]);

bytes =new[data.size+4];

bytes[0]= da;
bytes[1]= sa;
bytes[2]= length;

foreach(data[i])

bytes[3+ i]=data[i];
bytes[data.size()+3]=
cal_fcs;
byte_pack = bytes.size;
endfunction: byte_pack
12) Define unpack method:

3/10
The unpack() method does exactly the opposite of pack method. Unpacking is commonly
used to convert a data stream coming from DUT to high level data packet object.
virtualfunctionvoid byte_unpack(constreflogic[7:0] bytes[]);

this.da = bytes[0];
this.sa = bytes[1];

this.length = bytes[2];

this.fcs = bytes[bytes.size-1];

this.data=new[bytes.size-4];

foreach(data[i])

data[i]= bytes[i +3];

this.fcs =0;

if(bytes[bytes.size-1]!= cal_fcs)

this.fcs =1;

endfunction: byte_unpack
14) Define a compare method.

Compares the current value of the object instance with the current value of the specified
object instance.

If the value is different, FALSE is returned.
virtualfunctionbitcompare(packet pkt);
compare=1;
if(pkt ==null)
begin
$display(" ** ERROR ** : pkt : received a null object ");

compare=0;
end
else
begin
if(pkt.da !==this.da)

begin

$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Da field did not match");

4/10
compare=0;
end

if(pkt.sa !==this.sa)

begin

$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Sa field did not match");

compare=0;

end
if(pkt.length !==this.length)
begin
$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Length field did not match");

compare=0;
end
foreach(this.data[i])

if(pkt.data[i]!==this.data[i])
begin
$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Data[%0d] field did not match",i);

compare=0;

end
if(pkt.fcs !==this.fcs)
begin
$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : fcs field did not match %h %h",pkt.fcs ,this.fcs);
compare=0;
end

end

endfunction:compare
Packet Class Source Code
ìfndefGUARD_PACKET

`defineGUARD_PACKET
//Define the enumerated types for packet types

typedefenum{GOOD_FCS,BAD_FCS} fcs_kind_t;
typedefenum{GOOD_LENGTH,BAD_LENGTH} length_kind_t;
class packet;

rand fcs_kind_t fcs_kind;

rand length_kind_t length_kind;
randbit[7:0] length;

randbit[7:0] da;
randbit[7:0] sa;
randbytedata[];//Payload using Dynamic array,size is generated on the fly

randbyte fcs;
5/10
constraint address_c { da inside{`P0,`P1,`P2,`P3};}
constraint payload_size_c {data.sizeinside{[1:255]};}
constraint length_kind_c {

(length_kind ==GOOD_LENGTH)-> length ==data.size;

(length_kind ==BAD_LENGTH)-> length ==data.size+2;}
constraint solve_size_length {solvedata.sizebefore length;}
constraint fcs_kind_c {

(fcs_kind ==GOOD_FCS)-> fcs ==8'b0;

(fcs_kind ==BAD_FCS)-> fcs ==8'b1;}
///// method to calculate the fcs /////

functionbyte cal_fcs;
integer i;

byte result ;
result =0;

result = result ^ da;

result = result ^ sa;

result = result ^ length;

for(i =0;i<data.size;i++)
result = result ^data[i];
result = fcs ^ result;
return result;

endfunction: cal_fcs
///// method to print the packet fields ////

virtualfunctionvoid display();
$display("\n---------------------- PACKET KIND ------------------------- ");

$display(" fcs_kind : %s ",fcs_kind.name());

$display(" length_kind : %s ",length_kind.name());
$display("-------- PACKET ---------- ");

$display(" 0 : %h ",da);
$display(" 1 : %h ",sa);
$display(" 2 : %h ",length);
foreach(data[i])
$write("%3d : %0h ",i +3,data[i]);

$display("\n %2d : %h ",data.size()+3,
cal_fcs);

$display("----------------------------------------------------------- \n");

endfunction: display
///// method to pack the packet into bytes/////

virtualfunctionintunsigned byte_pack(reflogic[7:0] bytes[]);

bytes =new[data.size+4];
bytes[0]= da;
6/10
bytes[1]= sa;
bytes[2]= length;

foreach(data[i])

bytes[3+ i]=data[i];

bytes[data.size()+3]= cal_fcs;
byte_pack = bytes.size;
endfunction: byte_pack
////method to unpack the bytes in to packet /////

virtualfunctionvoid byte_unpack(constreflogic[7:0]
bytes[]);

this.da = bytes[0];
this.sa = bytes[1];
this.length = bytes[2];

this.fcs = bytes[bytes.size-1];
this.data=new[bytes.size-4];
foreach(data[i])
data[i]= bytes[i +3];

this.fcs =0;
if(bytes[bytes.size-1]!= cal_fcs)
this.fcs =1;
endfunction:
byte_unpack
//// method to compare the packets /////

virtualfunctionbitcompare(packet pkt);
compare=1;
if(pkt ==null)
begin
$display(" ** ERROR ** : pkt : received a null object ");

compare=0;
end
else
begin
if(pkt.da !==this.da)
begin
$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Da field did not match");

compare=0;
end
if(pkt.sa !==this.sa)
begin
$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Sa field did not match");

compare=0;
end
7/10
if(pkt.length !==this.length)
begin

$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Length field did not match");

compare=0;
end

foreach(this.data[i])

if(pkt.data[i]!==this.data[i])

begin

$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : Data[%0d] field did not match",i);

compare=0;
end
if(pkt.fcs !==this.fcs)

begin

$display(" ** ERROR **: pkt : fcs field did not match %h %h",pkt.fcs ,this.fcs);

compare=0;

end
end
endfunction:compare
endclass
Now we will write a small program to test our packet implantation. This program block is
not used to verify the DUT.
Write a simple program block and do the instance of packet class. Randomize the packet
and call the display method to analyze the generation. Then pack the packet in to bytes
and then unpack bytes and then call compare method to check all the methods.
Program Block Source Code
program test;
packet pkt1 =new();

packet pkt2 =new();

logic[7:0] bytes[];
initial
repeat(10)

if(pkt1.randomize)

begin

$display(" Randomization Successes full.");

pkt1.display();
void'(pkt1.byte_pack(bytes));
pkt2 =new();
pkt2.byte_unpack(bytes);

if(pkt2.compare(pkt1))

8/10
$display(" Packing,Unpacking and compare worked");
else

$display(" *** Something went wrong in Packing or Unpacking or compare ***");
end

else

$display(" *** Randomization Failed ***");
endprogram
(S)Download the packet class with program block.
switch_4.tar

(S)Run the simulation

-ntb_opts dtm
(S)Log file report:
Randomization Sucessesfull.
---------------------- PACKET KIND -------------------------

fcs_kind : BAD_FCS
length_kind : GOOD_LENGTH
-------- PACKET ----------
0 : 00
1 : f7
2 : be
3 : a6 4 : 1b 5 : b5 6 : fa 7 : 4e 8 : 15 9 : 7d 10 : 72 11 : 96 12 : 31 13 : c4 14 : aa 15 :
c4 16 : cf 17 : 4f 18 : f4 19 : 17 20 : 88 21 : f1 22 : 2c 23 : ce 24 : 5 25 : cb 26 : 8c 27 :
1a 28 : 37 29 : 60 30 : 5f 31 : 7a 32 : a2 33 : f0 34 : c9 35 : dc 36 : 41 37 : 3f 38 : 12 39
: f4 40 : df 41 : c5 42 : d7 43 : 94 44 : 88 45 : 1 46 : 31 47 : 29 48 : d6 49 : f4 50 : d9 51
: 4f 52 : 0 53 : dd 54 : d2 55 : a6 56 : 59 57 : 43 58 : 45 59 : f2 60 : a2 61 : a1 62 : fd 63
: ea 64 : c1 65 : 20 66 : c7 67 : 20 68 : e1 69 : 97 70 : c6 71 : cf 72 : cd 73 : 17 74 : 99
75 : 49 76 : b8 77 : 1c 78 : df 79 : e6 80 : 1a 81 : ce 82 : 8c 83 : ec 84 : b6 85 : bb 86 :
a5 87 : 17 88 : cb 89 : 32 90 : e1 91 : 83 92 : 96 93 : e 94 : ee 95 : 57 96 : 33 97 : cd 98
: 62 99 : 88 100 : 7b 101 : e6 102 : 41 103 : ad 104 : 26 105 : ee 106 : 9c 107 : 95 108 :
a7 109 : b8 110 : 83 111 : f 112 : ca 113 : ec 114 : b5 115 : 8d 116 : d8 117 : 2f 118 : 6f
119 : ea 120 : 4c 121 : 35 122 : 41 123 : f2 124 : 4e 125 : 89 126 : d8 127 : 78 128 : f1
129 : d 130 : d6 131 : d5 132 : 8 133 : c 134 : de 135 : a9 136 : 1d 137 : a0 138 : ae
139 : 99 140 : f5 141 : 53 142 : d8 143 : 7a 144 : 4c 145 : d4 146 : b8 147 : 54 148 : b7
149 : c3 150 : c9 151 : 7b 152 : a3 153 : 71 154 : 2b 155 : b4 156 : 50 157 : 54 158 : 22
159 : 95 160 : df 161 : 17 162 : c9 163 : 41 164 : 80 165 : 2b 166 : f0 167 : ba 168 : 4a
169 : a9 170 : 7f 171 : 13 172 : 1e 173 : 12 174 : a8 175 : 2 176 : 3 177 : 3d 178 : 71
179 : e6 180 : 96 181 : 89 182 : c6 183 : 46 184 : d6 185 : 1b 186 : 5f 187 : 20 188 : a0
9/10
189 : a3 190 : 49 191 : 79 192 : 9
193 : 53

-----------------------------------------------------------
Packing,Unpacking and compare worked

Randomization Sucessesfull.
..............
..............
..............
10/10
testbench.in/SL_08_PHASE_5_DRIVER.html
PHASE 5 DRIVER
In phase 5 we will write a driver and then instantiate the driver in environment and send
packet in to DUT. Driver class is defined in Driver.sv file.
Driver is class which generates the packets and then drives it to the DUT input interface
and pushes the packet in to mailbox.
1) Declare a packet.
packet gpkt;
2) Declare a virtual input_interface of the switch. We will connect this to the Physical
interface of the top module same as what we did in environment class.
virtual input_interface.IP input_intf;
3) Define a mailbox "drvr2sb" which is used to send the packets to the score board.
mailbox drvr2sb;
4) Define new constructor with arguments, virtual input interface and a mail box which is
used to send packets from the driver to scoreboard.
functionnew(virtual input_interface.IP input_intf_new,mailbox drvr2sb);

if(drvr2sb ==null)
1/9
begin
$display(" **ERROR**: drvr2sb is null");

$finish;
end
else

this.drvr2sb = drvr2sb;
5) Construct the packet in the driver constructor.
gpkt =new();
6) Define the start method.

In start method, do the following
Repeat the following steps for num_of_pkts times.
repeat($root.num_of_pkts)
Randomize the packet and check if the randomization is successes full.
if( pkt.randomize())
begin
$display(" %0d : Driver : Randomization Successes full.",$time);

...........
...........

else

begin

$display(" %0d Driver : ** Randomization failed. **",$time);

............
...........
Display the packet content.
pkt.display();
Then pack the packet in to bytes.
length = pkt.byte_pack(bytes);
Then send the packet byte in to the switch by asserting data_status of the input interface
signal and driving the data bytes on to the data_in signal.
foreach(bytes[i])

begin

@(posedge input_intf.clock);


input_intf.cb.data_in <= bytes[i];

end
2/9
After driving all the data bytes, deassert data_status signal of the input interface.

Send the packet in to mail "drvr2sb" box for scoreboard.
drvr2sb.put(pkt);
If randomization fails, increment the error counter which is defined in Globals.sv file
$root.error++;
Driver Class Source Code:
ìfndefGUARD_DRIVER
`defineGUARD_DRIVER
class Driver;

virtual input_interface.IP input_intf;

mailbox drvr2sb;
packet gpkt;
//// constructor method ////

functionnew(virtual input_interface.IP input_intf_new,mailbox drvr2sb);

if(drvr2sb ==null)
begin

$display(" **ERROR**: drvr2sb is null");

$finish;
end

else


gpkt =new();

endfunction:new
/// method to send the packet to DUT ////////

taskstart();
packet pkt;
int length;

logic[7:0] bytes[];

repeat($root.num_of_pkts)
begin
repeat(3)@(posedge input_intf.clock);

pkt =new gpkt;

//// Randomize
the packet /////

3/9
if( pkt.randomize())
begin

$display(" %0d : Driver : Randomization Successes full. ",$time);

//// display the packet content ///////

pkt.display();
//// Pack the packet in tp stream of bytes //////

length = pkt.byte_pack(bytes);
///// assert the data_status signal and send the packed bytes //////
foreach(bytes[i])
begin

input_intf.cb.data_in <= bytes[i];

end
//// deassert the data_status singal //////



//// Push the packet in to mailbox for scoreboard /////

drvr2sb.put(pkt);
$display(" %0d : Driver : Finished Driving the packet with length %0d",$time,length);
end
else
begin
$display(" %0d Driver : ** Randomization failed. **",$time);

////// Increment the error count in randomization fails ////////

$root.error++;
end

end

endtask:start
endclass
èndif
Now we will take the instance of the driver in the environment class.
4/9
1) Declare a mailbox "drvr2sb" which will be used to connect the scoreboard and driver.
mailbox drvr2sb;
2) Declare a driver object "drvr".
Driver drvr;
3) In build method, construct the mail box.
drvr2sb =new();
4) In build method, construct the driver object. Pass the input_intf and "drvr2sb" mail box.
drvr=new(input_intf,drvr2sb);
5) To start sending the packets to the DUT, call the start method of "drvr" in the start
method of Environment class.
drvr.start();
ìfndef GUARD_ENV

`define GUARD_ENV
class Environment ;
5/9

virtual output_interface.OP output_intf[4] ;
Driver drvr;

mailbox drvr2sb;
function new(virtual mem_interface.MEM mem_intf_new ,


virtual output_interface.OP output_intf_new[4] );



endfunction : new
function void build();

drvr2sb =new();

drvr=new(input_intf,drvr2sb);

endfunction : build
task reset();

$display(" %0d : Environment : start of reset() method",$time);

// Drive all DUT inputs to a known state
mem_intf.cb.mem_data <= 0;
mem_intf.cb.mem_add <= 0;
mem_intf.cb.mem_en <= 0;
mem_intf.cb.mem_rd_wr <= 0;

input_intf.cb.data_in <= 0;

input_intf.cb.data_status <= 0;
output_intf[0].cb.read <= 0;
// Reset the DUT

1;
input_intf.reset <=

repeat (4) @ input_intf.clock;

input_intf.reset <= 0;
6/9


endtask : reset
task cfg_dut();




mem_intf.cb.mem_add <= 8'h0;

mem_intf.cb.mem_data <= `P0;

$display(" %0d : Environment :
Port 0 Address %h ",$time,`P0);





endtask :cfg_dut
task start();

drvr.start();
7/9
$display(" %0d : Environment : end of start() method",$time);
endtask : start


repeat(10000) @(input_intf.clock);
$display(" %0d : Environment : end
of wait_for_end() method",$time);
endtask : wait_for_end
task run();
$display("
%0d : Environment : start of run() method",$time);

build();

reset();

cfg_dut();

start();

wait_for_end();
report();

endtask : run
task report();

endtask : report
endclass
èndif
switch_5.tar

(S)Run the command:

-ntb_opts dtm
(S)Log file report.

0 : Environment : created env object

0 : Environment : start of run() method
0 : Environment : start of build() method
0 : Environment : end of build() method

0 : Environment : start of reset() method
40 : Environment : end of reset() method

40 : Environment : start of cfg_dut() method



8/9
150 : Environment : end of cfg_dut() method
150 : Environment : start of start() method

210 : Driver : Randomization Successes full.
---------------------- PACKET KIND -------------------------

fcs_kind : BAD_FCS

length_kind : GOOD_LENGTH

-------- PACKET ----------

0 : 22
1 : 11
2 : 2d
3 : 63
4 : 2a 5 : 2e 6 : c 7 : a 8 : 14 9 : c1 10 : 14 11 : 8f 12 : 54 13 : 5d 14 : da 15 : 22
16 : 2c 17 : ac 18 : 1c 19 : 48 20 : 3c 21 : 7e 22 : f3 23 : ed 24 : 24 25 : d1 26 : 3e 27 :
38 28 : aa 29 : 54 30 : 19 31 : 89 32 : aa 33 : cf 34 : 67 35 : 19 36 : 9a 37 : 1d 38 : 96 39
: 8 40 : 15 41 : 66 42 : 55 43 : b 44 : 70 45 : 35 46 : fc 47 : 8f
48 : cd
-----------------------------------------------------------
1210 : Driver : Finished Driving the packet with length 49

1270 : Driver : Randomization Successes full.
..................
..................
..................
9/9
testbench.in/SL_09_PHASE_6_RECEIVER.html
PHASE 6 RECEIVER
In this phase, we will write a receiver and use the receiver in environment class to collect
the packets coming from the switch output_interface.
Receiver collects the data bytes from the interface signal. And then unpacks the bytes in
to packet and pushes it into mailbox.
Receiver class is written in reveicer.sv file.

1) Declare a virtual output_interface. We will connect this to the Physical interface of the
top module, same as what we did in environment class.
virtual output_interface.OP output_intf;
2) Declare a mailbox "rcvr2sb" which is used to send the packets to the score board
mailbox rcvr2sb;
3) Define new constructor with arguments, virtual input interface and a mail box which is
used to send packets from the receiver to scoreboard.
functionnew(virtual output_interface.OP output_intf_new,mailbox rcvr2sb);

if(rcvr2sb ==null)
begin
$display(" **ERROR**: rcvr2sb is null");

1/8
$finish;
end

else

this.rcvr2sb = rcvr2sb;

endfunction:new
4) Define the start method.
In start method, do the following
Wait for the ready signal to be asserted by the DUT.
wait(output_intf.cb.ready)
If the ready signal is asserted, then request the DUT to send the data out from the
data_out signal by asserting the read signal. When the data to be sent is finished by the
DUT, it will deassert the ready signal. Once the ready signal is deasserted, stop collecting
the data bytes and deasseart the read signal.
output_intf.cb.read <=1;

repeat(2)@(posedge output_intf.clock);

while(output_intf.cb.ready)
begin
bytes =new[bytes.size+1](bytes);

bytes[bytes.size-1]= output_intf.cb.data_out;
@(posedge output_intf.clock);
end



$display(" %0d : Receiver : Received a packet of length %0d",$time,bytes.size);
Create a new packet object of packet.
pkt =new();
Then call the unpack method of the packet to unpacked the bytes and then display the
packet content.
pkt.byte_unpack(bytes);

pkt.display();
Then send the packet to scoreboard.
rcvr2sb.put(pkt);
Delete the dynamic array bytes.
bytes.delete();
2/8
Receiver Class Source Code:
ìfndefGUARD_RECEIVER

`defineGUARD_RECEIVER
class Receiver;
virtual output_interface.OP output_intf;

mailbox rcvr2sb;
//// constructor method ////

functionnew(virtual output_interface.OP output_intf_new,mailbox rcvr2sb);

if(rcvr2sb ==null)

begin

$display(" **ERROR**: rcvr2sb is null");

$finish;

end
else

endfunction:new
taskstart();

logic[7:0] bytes[];

packet pkt;

forever
begin

wait(output_intf.cb.ready)

while(output_intf.cb.ready)

begin

bytes =new[bytes.size+1](bytes);

bytes[bytes.size-1]= output_intf.cb.data_out;


end



$display(" %0d : Receiver : Received a packet of length %0d",$time,bytes.size);

pkt =new();

pkt.byte_unpack(bytes);

pkt.display();

rcvr2sb.put(pkt);

3/8
bytes.delete();
end

endtask:start
endclass
èndif
Now we will take the instance of the receiver in the environment class.

1) Declare a mailbox "rcvr2sb" which will be used to connect the scoreboard and receiver.
mailbox rcvr2sb;
2) Declare 4 receiver object "rcvr".
Receiver rcvr[4];
3) In build method, construct the mail box.
rcvr2sb =new();
4) In build method, construct the receiver object. Pass the output_intf and "rcvr2sb" mail
box. There are 4 output interfaces and receiver objects. We will connect one receiver for
one output interface.
foreach(rcvr[i])

rcvr[i]=new(output_intf[i],rcvr2sb);
4/8
5) To start collecting the packets from the DUT, call the "start" method of "rcvr" in the
"start" method of Environment class.
taskstart();
$display(" %0d
: Environment : start of start() method",$time);

fork

drvr.start();

rcvr[0].start();

rcvr[1].start();
rcvr[2].start();
rcvr[3].start();

join_any
$display("
%0d : Environment : end of start() method",$time);

endtask:start
ìfndef GUARD_ENV

`define GUARD_ENV
class Environment ;


Driver drvr;
Receiver rcvr[4];
mailbox drvr2sb;
mailbox rcvr2sb;




endfunction : new


drvr2sb = new();
5/8
rcvr2sb =new();
drvr= new(input_intf,drvr2sb);
foreach(rcvr[i])

rcvr[i]=new(output_intf[i],rcvr2sb);

endfunction : build
task reset();


input_intf.cb.data_status <=
0;

// Reset the DUT

1;
input_intf.reset <=



endtask : reset
task cfg_dut();
$display(" %0d
: Environment : start of cfg_dut() method",$time);






6/8










endtask :cfg_dut
task start();
$display(" %0d
: Environment : start of start() method",$time);
fork
drvr.start();
rcvr[0].start();

rcvr[1].start();
rcvr[2].start();
rcvr[3].start();
join_any

$display("

endtask : start


task run();
$display("

build();

7/8
reset();
cfg_dut();

start();

wait_for_end();

report();
$display("
%0d : Environment : end of run() method",$time);
endtask : run
task report();

endtask: report
endclass
èndif
switch_6.tar

(S)Run the command:

8/8
testbench.in/SL_10_PHASE_7_SCOREBOARD.html
PHASE 7 SCOREBOARD
In this phase we will see the scoreboard implementation.
Scoreboard has 2 mailboxes. One is used to for getting the packets from the driver and
other from the receiver. Then the packets are compared and if they don't match, then
error is asserted.

Scoreboard in implemented in file Scoreboard.sv.
1) Declare 2 mailboxes drvr2sb and rcvr2sb.
mailbox drvr2sb;

mailbox rcvr2sb;
2) Declare a constructor method with "drvr2sb" and "rcvr2sb" mailboxes as arguments.
functionnew(mailbox drvr2sb,mailbox rcvr2sb);
3) Connect the mailboxes of the constructor to the mail boxes of the scoreboard.

4) Define a start method.

Do the following steps forever.

Wait until there is a packet is in
"rcvr2sb". Then pop the packet from the mail box.
1/7
rcvr2sb.get(pkt_rcv);
$display(" %0d : Scorebooard : Scoreboard received a packet from receiver ",$time);
Then pop the packet from drvr2sb.
drvr2sb.get(pkt_exp);
Compare both packets and increment an error counter if they are not equal.
if(pkt_rcv.compare(pkt_exp))
$display(" %0d : Scoreboardd
:Packet Matched ",$time);

else

$root.error++;
Scoreboard Class Source Code:
ìfndefGUARD_SCOREBOARD
`defineGUARD_SCOREBOARD
class Scoreboard;
mailbox drvr2sb;
mailbox rcvr2sb;
functionnew(mailbox drvr2sb,mailbox rcvr2sb);


endfunction:new
taskstart();

packet pkt_rcv,pkt_exp;

forever

begin


$display(" %0d : Scorebooard : Scoreboard received a packet from receiver ",$time);



$display(" %0d : Scoreboardd :Packet Matched ",$time);

else
$root.error++;

end

endtask:start
endclass
èndif
Now we will see how to connect the scoreboard in the Environment class.

2/7
1) Declare a scoreboard.
Scoreboard sb;
2) Construct the scoreboard in the build method. Pass the drvr2sb and rcvr2sb mailboxes
to the score board constructor.
sb =new(drvr2sb,rcvr2sb);
3) Start the scoreboard method in the start method.
sb.start();
4) Now we are to the end of building the verification environment.

In the report() method of environment class, print the TEST PASS
or TEST FAIL status
based on the error count.
task report();
$display("\n\n*************************************************");

if(0==$root.error)
$display("********
TEST PASSED *********");

else

$display("******** TEST Failed with %0d errors *********",$root.error);
$display("*************************************************\n\n");

endtask: report
3/7
Source Code Of The Environment Class:
ìfndef GUARD_ENV

`define GUARD_ENV
class Environment ;



Driver drvr;

Receiver rcvr[4];
Scoreboard sb;
mailbox drvr2sb ;

mailbox rcvr2sb ;


this.output_intf = output_intf_new
;

endfunction : new


drvr2sb = new();

rcvr2sb = new();
sb =new(drvr2sb,rcvr2sb);
drvr= new(input_intf,drvr2sb);

foreach(rcvr[i])

rcvr[i]= new(output_intf[i],rcvr2sb);
of build() method",$time);

endfunction : build
task reset();



4/7


input_intf.cb.data_status <= 0;





// Reset the DUT

1;
input_intf.reset <=



endtask : reset
task cfg_dut();
$display(" %0d
: Environment : start of cfg_dut() method",$time);















5/7


endtask :cfg_dut
task start();


fork
drvr.start();
rcvr[0].start();

rcvr[1].start();
rcvr[2].start();
rcvr[3].start();
sb.start();
join_any

$display("
endtask : start


task run();
$display("

build();
reset();
cfg_dut();

start();

wait_for_end();

report();
$display("
%0d : Environment : end of run() method",$time);
endtask: run
task report();
$display("\n\n*************************************************");

if(0==$root.error)
$display("********
TEST PASSED *********");

6/7
else
$display("******** TEST Failed with %0d errors *********",$root.error);
$display("*************************************************\n\n");
endtask : report
endclass
èndif
(S)Download the phase 7 score code:
switch_7.tar


7/7
testbench.in/SL_11_PHASE_8_COVERAGE.html
PHASE 8 COVERAGE
In this phase we will write the functional coverage for switch protocol. Functional
coverage is written in Coverage.sv file. After running simulation, you will analyze the
coverage results and find out if some test scenarios have not been exercised and write
tests to exercise them.
The points which we need to cover are

1) Cover all the port address configurations.

2) Cover all the packet lengths.

3) Cover all correct and incorrect length fields.

4) Cover good and bad FCS.

5) Cover all the above combinations.
1) Define a cover group with following cover points.
a) All packet lengths:
length :coverpoint pkt.length;
b) All port address:
da :coverpoint pkt.da {

bins p0 ={`P0};
bins p1 ={`P1};
bins p2 ={`P2};
bins p3 ={`P3};}
c) Correct and incorrect Length field types:
length_kind :coverpoint pkt.length_kind;
d) Good and Bad FCS:
fcs_kind :coverpoint pkt.fcs_kind;
5) Cross product of all the above cover points:
all_cross:cross length,da,length_kind,fcs_kind;
2) In constructor method, construct the cover group
1/4
functionnew();
switch_coverage =new();

endfunction:new
3) Write task which calls the sample method to cover the points.
task sample(packet pkt);

this.pkt = pkt;
switch_coverage.sample();

endtask:sample
Source Code Of Coverage Class:
ìfndefGUARD_COVERAGE

`defineGUARD_COVERAGE
class coverage;

packet pkt;
covergroup switch_coverage;
length :coverpoint pkt.length;

da :coverpoint pkt.da {
bins p0 ={`P0};
bins p1 ={`P1};

bins p2 ={`P2};

bins p3 ={`P3};}

length_kind :coverpoint pkt.length_kind;

fcs_kind :coverpoint pkt.fcs_kind;
all_cross:cross length,da,length_kind,fcs_kind;

endgroup
functionnew();

switch_coverage =new();

endfunction:new
task sample(packet pkt);

this.pkt = pkt;
switch_coverage.sample();

endtask:sample
endclass
èndif
Now we will use this coverage class instance in scoreboard.
1) Take an instance of coverage class and construct it in scoreboard class.
2/4
coverage cov =new();
2) Call the sample method and pass the exp_pkt to the sample method.
cov.sample(pkt_exp);
Source Code Of The Scoreboard Class:
ìfndef GUARD_SCOREBOARD
`define GUARD_SCOREBOARD
class Scoreboard;
mailbox drvr2sb;

mailbox rcvr2sb;
coverage cov =new();
function new(mailbox drvr2sb,mailbox rcvr2sb);


endfunction:new
task start();

packet pkt_rcv,pkt_exp;

forever

begin


$display(" %0d : Scorebooard : Scoreboard received a packet from receiver

",$time);



begin

$display(" %0d : Scoreboardd :Packet Matched ",$time);
cov.sample(pkt_exp);
end

else

$root.error++;
end
endtask : start
endclass
èndif
(S)Download the phase 8 score code:
3/4
switch_8.tar

urg -dir simv.cm
4/4
testbench.in/SL_12_PHASE_9_TESTCASE.html
PHASE 9 TESTCASE
In this phase we will write a constraint random testcase.

Lets verify the DUT by sending large packets of length above 200.
1) In testcase file, define a small_packet class.

This calls is inherited from the packet class and
data.size() field is constraint to generate
the packet with size greater than 200.
class small_packet extends packet;
constraint small_c {data.size>200;}
endclass
2) In program block, create an object of the small_packet class.

Then call the build method of env.
small_packet spkt;
3) Pass the object of the small_packet to the packet handle which is in driver.
env.drvr.gpkt = spkt;
Then call the reset(),cfg_dut(),start(),wait_for_end() and report() methods as in the run

method.
env.reset();

env.cfg_dut();

env.start();

env.wait_for_end();
env.report();
Source Code Of Constraint Testcase:
ìfndefGUARD_TESTCASE

`defineGUARD_TESTCASE
class small_packet extends packet;
constraint small_c {data.size>200;}
endclass
1/2
Environment env;
small_packet spkt;
initial
begin

spkt =new();

env =new(mem_intf,input_intf,output_intf);
env.build();
env.drvr.gpkt
= spkt;
env.reset();
env.cfg_dut();
env.start();
env.wait_for_end();

env.report();
#1000;
end
final

endprogram
èndif
switch_9.tar


urg -dir simv.cm
Report a Bug or Comment on This section - Your input is what keeps Testbench.in
improving with time!
2/2

Verifying The Switch RTL Core

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Verifying The Switch RTL Core

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Verifying The Switch RTL Core

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SYSTEMVERILOG-BASED

1) Understand the specification

2) Developing Verification Plan

Phase 2) We will Develop the Environment class.

Phase 8) We will develop coverage class based on the coverage plan.

Packet header contains three fields DA, SA and length.

If Length = 1, it means data length is 1 bytes

If Length = 2, it means data length is 2 bytes

If Length = 255, it means data length is 255 bytes

Data: Data should be in terms of bytes and can take anything.

FCS: Frame check sequence

There are 4 input signals to memory interface. They are

To configure a port address,

1. Assert the mem_en signal.

3. Drive the port number (0 or 1 or 2 or 3) on the mem_add signal

4. Drive the 8 bit port address on to mem_data signal.

Packets are sent into the switch using input port.

input port has 2input signals. They are

To send the packet in to switch,

1. Assert the data_status signal.

2. Send the packet on the data signal byte by byte.

(S) RTL code:

This section contains list of all the features to be verified.

Description: Configure all the 4 port address with unique values.

Bad FCS: Send packet with corrupted FCS.

Stimulus Generation Plan

1) Packet DA: Generate packet DA with the configured address.

2) Payload length: generate payload length ranging from 2 to 255.

4) Generate good and bad FCS.

1) Cover all the port address configurations.

2) Cover all the packet lengths.

4) Cover good and bad FCS.

5) Cover all the above combinations.

3) DUT and TestBench interfaces are connected in top module.

4) Clock is generator in top module.

NOTE: In every file you will see the syntax

In the interface.sv file, declare the 3 interfaces in the following way.

All the interfaces has clock as input.

All the signals in interface are logic type.

Signal directional w.r.t TestBench is specified with modport.

// Interface declaration for the memory///

interface mem_interface(inputbit clock);

clocking cb@(posedge clock);

modportMEM(clocking cb,input clock);

// Interface for the input side of switch.//

interface input_interface(inputbit clock);

clocking cb@(posedge clock);

modportIP(clocking cb,output reset,input clock);

// Interface for the output side of the switch.//

interface output_interface(inputbit clock);

clocking cb@(posedge clock);

modportOP(clocking cb,input clock);

program testcase(mem_interface.MEM mem_intf,input_interface.IP

$display(" ******************* Start of testcase ****************");

$display(" ******************** End of testcase *****************");

Do the following in the top module:

1)Generate the clock signal.

forever#10 Clock =~Clock;

$display(" *** Start of testcase ");

$display(" **** End of testcase *");

*** Start of testcase

**** End of testcase *

$display(" *** Start of testcase ");

*** Start of testcase

**** End of testcase *