Solution Manual For Optics 5th Edition 5th Edition
Solution Manual For Optics 5th Edition 5th Edition
Solution Manual For Optics 5th Edition 5th Edition
Chapter 9 Solutions 82
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chapter 9 Solutions
9.1 E E (1/2)(E e it E *eit ) (1/2)(E e it E *eit ), where
1 2 1 1 2 2
Re(z) (1/2)(z z* ).
E E (1/4)[E E e 2it E * E * e 2it E E * E * E ].
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
The last two terms are time independent, while E1 E 2e 2it 0 and
* * 2it
9.2 The largest value of r1 r2 is equal to a. Thus if 1 2 , k(r1 r2 ) varies from 0 to ka.
If a , cos and therefore I12 will have a great many maxima and minima and therefore
average to zero over a large region of space. In contrast if a , varies only slightly
from 0 to ka 2 . Hence I12 does not average to zero, and from Eq. (9.17), I deviates
little from 4I 0 . The two sources effectively behave as a single source of double the original strength.
9.3 Dropping the common time factor E1 E0 exp(2 iz/ ) and E2 E0 exp[(2 i/ )(z cos y sin )],
adding these at the z 0 plane yields E E0 {1 exp[(2 i/ )(y sin )]}. The absolute square of this is
the irradiance viz.
2
I (y) 2E 2 1 cos y sin
0
and the rest follows from the identity cos 2 2 cos2 1. The cosine squared has zeros at
y m /(2 sin ) where m is an odd integer. The fringe separation is / sin . As q increases,
the separation decreases.
9.4 A bulb at S would produce fringes. We can imagine it as made up of a very large number of incoherent
point sources. Each of these would generate an independent pattern, all of which would then overlap.
Bulbs at S1 and S2 would be incoherent and could not generate detectable fringes.
use (9.29) a sin m m ( m may not be “small”). Let m = 1, sin y/(s y ) , so,
ay (s 2 y 2 )1/ 2 ; (a 2 2 )y 2 2 s 2 ;
y s/(a 2 y 2 )1/ 2 . c ,
s
9.7 y
a
ay
s
(1 10 4 m)(3 10 3 m)
s 0.509m
5.89 10 7 m
s
y
vac 0
9.8 a
5.000 m
yvac (5.893 10 7 m) 2.9465 mm
3
(1 10 m)
c 0 0
n
0
n
s s 0
y
air
a a n
5.000 m 5.893 10 7 m
y 2.9456 mm
air
(1 10 3 m) 1.00029
1 / 2a (1/2)(632.8 10 9 m)/(0.200 10 3 m)
1.58 10 3 rad,
or since
y5 s5 /a (1.00 m)5(632.8 10 )/(0.200 10 m) 1.582 10 m. (c) Since the fringes vary
as cosine-squared and the answer to (a) is half a fringe width, the answer to (b) is 10 times larger.
s s 0
9.10 y m m
1
a a n
Using a 110 m,
3
0
85
Chapter 9 Solutions 85
Chapter 9 Solutions
9.13 (9.28) m m /a. Want 1, red 2, violet ; (1)red /a (2)violet /a; violet 390 nm.
s
9.14 y1 m
a
y m
m
m
s a
s f
mf
ym f m
a
9.15
h
f
2
r1 r2 a
2
2a
h f
f
2 2a
f
h
a
9.16 Follow section (9.3.1), except that (9.26) becomes r1 r2 (2m 1)( /2) for destructive interference,
where m 1, 2, . . . , so that (2m 1) is an odd integer. This leads to an expression equivalent to
(9.28), m (2m 1) /2a.
87
Chapter 9 Solutions 87
Chapter 9 Solutions
m
s
9.17 y
m
a
a
ym
ms
3
Using a 2.7 10 m, s 4.60 m, m 5:
2.7 10 4 m
(5 10 3
m) 587 nm
5(4.60 m)
9.18 Follow section (9.3.1), except that (9.26) becomes r1 r2 m , where Optical path differences
in beam. Following r1 , nd (for m “small”).
9.19 As in section (9.3.1), we have constructive interference when OPD m . There is an added
OPD due to the angle, q, of the plane wave equal to a sin q, so (9.26) becomes r1 r2 a sin m .
(9.24) m y/s and (9.25) r1 r2 ay/s are unchanged, for small m so
r1 r2 m a sin a(y/s) a m ; m (m /a) sin .
Distance 8.0 10 3 m.
9.21 r22 a 2 r12 2ar1 cos(90 ). The contribution to cos /2 from the third term in the Maclaurin
expansion will be negligible if
c , so c/ .
(c/ ) / c / 2 ;
t 2 /c ; l ct ( 2 / )
c c c
1
I E2 E2 ,
i i T o
2
( R d )
9.25 y
2R
( R d )
2Ry
9.26 S Z R d 1 d
d 1
( R d )
y
2R
5.89 10 7 m
0.00118 rad
y
5 10 4 m
9.27 A ray form S hits the biprism at an angle i (w.r.t normal), is refracted at angle t , and hits the second
face at angle ( t ).
(4.4) (1) sin i (n) sin t . (n)sin( t ) (1)sin( /2 ), where angle is defined in Figure 9.24.
As i 0, t 0; , are both “small.”
n sin sin( /2 ), so n ( /2) , 2(n 1) . From the figure tan( /2) (a/2)/d, so
7
(5.00 m)(5.893 10 m)
2y 2 2
s 0.295 mm
2(1 10 2 m)
a
maximum occurs for 2 when sin ( /a) (1 cos 2 ) 2sin 2 .
3r oi oi
9.34 Here 1.00 1.34 2.00, hence from Eq. (9.36) with m 0,
d (0 1/2)(633 nm)/2(1.34) 118 nm.
9.35 (9.36) d cos t (2m 1)( f )/4 for a maximum at (near) normal incidence,
and taking m = D (lowest value)
7 8
0
2n f d 2(1.333)(2.50 10 8 m)
t 46.356
sin i (1.333) sin (46.356) 0.9646
i 74.7
9.38 Eq. (9.37) m 2n f d/0 10, 000. A minimum, therefore central dark region.
9.39 The fringes are generally a series of fine jagged bands, which are fixed with respect to the glass.
1 f
9.42 d m m
2 2
1 (5.893 10 7 m)
d172 172
2 50.8 m
2
m f f f o
m m 1 f m m 1
9.45 x2 x2 R(m m )
x 2 x 2
R m m 1
f R(mm mm 1 )
Use
1
2d m
m 0
2
1
2d
m
m 2
0
Since the offset is a constant d :
x2 x2
R m m 1
f 1 1
R 2d d 2d d
m m1
2 2
94
Chapter 9 Solutions 94
Chapter 9 Solutions
0
n (x 2 x 2 )
m 1
R f m
2R(d m d m1 )
xm 1 xm ( f R)1/ 2 ( m 1 m )
xm 2 xm 1 ( f R) ( m 2 m 1)
1/ 2
x x ( R)1/ 2 ( m 1 m ) m 1 m
m 1 m
f
1/ 2
xm2 xm 1 ( f R) ( m 2 m 1) m 2 m 1
95
Chapter 9 Solutions 95
Chapter 9 Solutions
Expand the square roots for large m (keeping only the first few terms):
m m1/ 2
1 1
m 1 m1/ 2 m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2
2 8
1
m 2 m1/ 2 m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2
2
1 1
m1/ 2 m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2 m1/ 2
xm 1 xm 2 8
xm2 xm 1 1 1 1
m1/ 2 m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2 m1/ 2 m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2
2 2 8
1 1/ 2 1 3/ 2 1 1
m m m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2 1 m 1
4m 1 1
2 8 4 4 1
1 3 3 3 4m 3 2m
m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2 m 1/ 2 m 3/ 2 1 m 1
2 8 4 4
For m 50
50 1 50
1.0099
50 2 50 1
1
1 1.01
2(50)
9.47 A motion of /2 causes a single fringe pair to shift past, hence
92( /2) 2.53 105 m and 550 nm.
N 400
0 5 10 7 m
9.50 d N (o /2); (nair x nvacuum x);
9.51 Differentiating :
c
c 2
0
0 2
v c
1
96
Chapter 9 Solutions 96
Chapter 9 Solutions
t
lc ct
2 1 2
0
0
0
c t lc
2D lc
2
0 0
2D
2 (6.43847 10 7 m)2
D 0
0.1594 m
20 2(0.0013 nm)
97
Chapter 9 Solutions 97
Chapter 9 Solutions
9.52 Fringe pattern comes from the interference of two beams, one that passes through the lower medium
(n1), and is reflected off its mirror, one that passes through the top medium (n2) and is reflected off its
mirror. The two beams reflect off the front surface of the other medium.
It might be used to compare n1 and n2 (especially if one changes, such as due to pressure or
temperature), or compare the flatness of one surface, to a known optically flat surface.
(b) 4 sin 1 1/ F 0.223. (c) F 2 /0.223. (d) C 1 F.
2 . F 2 / 2.
9.57 (4.47) r i 0 (nt ni )/(nt ni ). Bare substrate: r (ns 1)/(ns 1). Substrate with film: r to f rf s t f o .
(4.48) t i 0 2ni /(ni nt ), so, r [2/(1 n f )][(ns n f )/(ns n f )][2n f /(n f 1)], where nf = n. Note
that for ns nf 1, both r and r are positive. But, with thickness f /4, a phase shift occurs due to the
OPD in the r beam, so rnet r r .
Thus, the r beam (partially) cancels the r beam.
9.58 At near normal incidence ( i 0) the relative phase shift between an internally and externally reflected
beam is rad. That means a total relative phase difference of (2 / f )[2( f /4)] or 2 . The waves
are in phase and interfere constructively.
9.59 n0 1, ns ng , n1 ng .
9.61 d cos t (2m 1) m . Let t 0, m 0, (minimum thickness).
4
5.00 10 7 m
d 0
96 nm
4n f 4(1.30)
9.62 Note that in the triangle including θ and r1, the length of the side from P1 to a plane, parallel to the
surface, and containing point z(x) is r1 cos θ. So, from zero elevation,
98
Chapter 9 Solutions 98
Chapter 9 Solutions