INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 7, Issue - 10, Oct – 2021

Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.719
Received Date: 09/10/2021 Acceptance Date: 17/10/2021 Publication Date: 31/10/2021

A STUDY OF JAGADEKAMALLA, MALLIKAMODA KALYANA

CHALUKYA IMMADI JAYASIMHA (LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS)
Dr. SHIVARAJU
Associate professor, Department of History
Government First Grade College, Koratagere-572129
Tumkur District, Karnataka, India.

Abstract: “Samasta Bhuvaanashraya Shri Prithvivallabha, Maharajadhiraja Parameshwara

Paramabhattaaraka Satyaashraya Kulatilaka Chalukyaabharanam Shrimat Jagadeka Malladeva” these are the
titles that are commonly found in all the inscriptions belonging to Jayasimha. This is clear indication that
Jayasimha II was one of the very prominent kings of the Kalyana Chalukya dynasty. The inscription of Roogi in
Indi taluk, 24th December 10191 describes Jayasimha’s accomplishments along with his titles. This writing
refers to the following titles along with the above mentioned ones, belonging to Jayasimha II; “Gandarol ganda,
Ganda bangaaram, Maarpade Bheemam, Mallikaamodam, Keertividyadharam, Kodanda Chaturbhujam,
Rajendra Chola Madabhanjanam, Bhoja kulakalaanalam, Gurjara vajrapaata, Maalawa nirmoolanam
Jagadekamallam SrimajJayasimhar”. It further explains his victory over several contemporary kings viz.,
Rajendra Chola, Paramara Bhoja, Gurjaras, Kalachoori Gangeyadeva and Malawas. These awards describe
the dainty personality of Jayasimha. He fought various wars and battles victoriously while he was still in
‘Kumara-vritti’. He won many wars after he was enthroned i.e. during his 29 years long rule as Emperor of
Kalyana Chalukya Empire. All these stories of valour depict that he was an administrator of top class. Here, it
would be preferable to know his family background before we proceed further.

Key Words: Jagadeka malla, Mallikamoda, Kalyana Chalukya Immadi Jayasimha, Life and Achievements.

1. INTRODUCTION:
Inscription of A.D 1019 at Balligavi2eulogises Jayasimha II as,” Bhojanrupambhoja Raja ninabha tejam,
Rajendra Chola Gajamrugarajam”. He is one of the great emperors of Kalyana Chalukya Empire. He expanded it
independent from the Rashtrakutas to a great extent. The Roogi inscription 3 of A.D 1019 talks about his victory over
the Gurjaras, Pratiharas and Malawas. The inscriptions of this period are a rich source of study regarding the political,
religious, economic, social and the scenario of many other aspects of the time. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to
present the history of Karnataka of the 1st half of the eleventh century.
Jayasimha’s period occupies a very important phase in the history of Karnataka. Not only Kannada literature
but also literature on different branches of Shastras developed extensively during this time. We understand from the
25th April 1014 Navile inscription4 that Jayasimha II ruled Edadore 2000 region during Vikramaditya V as his
Paadapadmopa jeevi when he was still in Kumara vrutti. He then ruled as Emperor from A.D 1015-1044 (Shasana
Samputa, Volume 2). Being physically very strong and robust and owning a mighty force, Jayasimha II secured his
kingdom by defeating his enemies and expanded the empire. The wordings of A.D 1017 Salooru edict 5 describe him
as the ‘ruler of the regions of four oceans’. This may appear as an inflated statement; nevertheless, it indicates the
vastness of the territory he owned. And it is not an exaggeration to say that his empire was comprised of the lands
between the South of Uttarpradesh in the North, the coasts of East and West and Cholamandala beyond river Kaveri in
the South.
Jayasimha II was Satyashraya Irivabedanga’s younger brother Dashavarma and his wife Baagalaadevi’s fourth
son. Being an offshoot of Badami Chalukyas, the Kalyana Chalukya dynasty, was founded in A.D 973 with the defeat
of Rashtrakuta king Kokkala or Immadi Kakka by Immadi Taila. Twelve kings ruled from the Kalyana Chalukya
dynasty from A.D 973 – 1198.
Immadi Tailapa, an ambitious Maandaleeka of the Rashtrakutas had Marrital relationship with them. He took
advantage of the situation of the Rashtrakutas’ humiliating defeat at the hands of Malawas and dethroned the then king
Immadi Kakkala with the help of other Mandalikas in A.D 973 and accended it to the Chalukya Empire again.
Kalyana Chalukyas claim to be the direct descendants of the Badami Chalukyas. Immadi Taila was called as
‘Ahavamalla’ ‘Maharajadhiraja’, ‘Paramabhattaaraka’ and ‘Parameshwara’. He also became popular as
‘Samastabhuvanaashraya’, ‘Shri Prithvivallabha’, Sathyaashraya kula tilaka’ and ‘Chalukyaabharana’. He Married
Ratta king Bamaha’s daughter Jaakavve or Jakkaladevi2 by whom he had two sons Sathyashraya and Dashavarma.
Initially, Tailapa ruled from Malakheda. The writings belonging to his period indicate that he won all the Southern

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 7, Issue - 10, Oct – 2021
Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.719
Received Date: 09/10/2021 Acceptance Date: 17/10/2021 Publication Date: 31/10/2021

territory of the Rashtrakutas; and Rattas of Soundatti,6 Kings of Kondidesha, Tailapa’s Ankakaara Bheemarasa,
Aparajita of Shilahara family, Immadi Billama of Yadava family of Sevunadesha, Chalukya Prince Barapa, who was
also his commander-in-chief were all his Samantha rajas or Samantha kings. These writings also indicate that Immadi
Taila had defeated King of Chedi, Uthkalas, Cholas and Kings of Nepal.
Immadi Tailapa defeated and killed Munja known as ‘Vaakpati Munja’. Earlier Seeyaka Harsha had killed
Rashtrakuta king Kottiga after invading Malakhed. Vaakpati Munja had inherited the kingdom after Seeyaka Harsha.
Immadi Tailapa ruled from A.D 973 to 997 i.e., for 24 years. His elder son Satyashraya succeeded him in A.D 997,
who is also known as ‘Sattiga’ and ‘Sattima’7 and ruled till A.D 1008. He had won the titles of ‘Akalankacharita’ and
‘Irivebedanga’. He inherited all the territory that was owned or ruled by his father Taila. In A.D 1002, Belvola 300,
Puligere 200, Kunduru 500 and Kukkanooru 30 were being administered by Satyashraya’s Mahasamantha
Shobhanarasa. However, his Maandalika Mahasamantha Bheemaraja, who was famous as Immadi Tailapa’s
Ankakaara as well, continued to rule Banavasi, Saantalige and Kisukaadu till A.D 1005-10068. Ratta king Maandalika
of Shilahara who was governing Konkana in the South was his subordinate. Yet, Satyashraya’s name doesn’t get a
place in the A.D 1000 Copper inscription Sangamaner of Immadi Billama, who was ruling Sevunadesha as Immadi
Tailapa’s Maandalika. Satyashraya fought and defeated Rajaraja Rajakesarivarma Rajendrachola of Chola dynasty. It
is possible that this battle took place at Tavareghatta in A.D 1007-08. Satyashraya’s younger brother Yashovarma or
Dashavarma was never enthroned. However, he had five children – Vikramaditya V, Immadi Ayyana, Akkadevi,
Immadi Jayasimha and Mahadevi.
Dashavarma’s eldest son Vikramaditya V inherited the throne in 1009 from Satyashraya. He was lauded as
‘Tribhuvanamalla’. Iriva Nolambaadhiraja, a Pallava Mandalika King, popularly known as ‘Ghateya Ankakaara’ had
married Iriva Bedanga Satyashraya’s daughter governed as emperor from A.D 1009-1015.
The next king who inherited the empire was Vikramaditya’s younger brother Ayyana for a short period and only one
inscription about him is available. A genealogy starting from the Badami Chalukyas till Ayyanadeva of Kalyana
Chalukyas has been mentioned in the 20 February 1015 Roogi inscription9 - Ahavamalla Tailapa, his son Satyashraya
Irivabedanga, his son Dashavarmadeva, his son Vikramaditya V, his younger brother Vasudhaika Malla who was also
known as Ayyana. It is also mentioned that Ayyanadeva’s younger brother Mahasamantha Karahata, who was feared
as the ‘impenetrable diamond gate of the Konkana region’, Vasudhaikamallas subservient Devanarasa donates to Lord
Nagareshwara.
Immadi Jayasimha succeeded Vikramaditya V and came to power in A.D 1015, who is hailed as
‘Jagadekamalla’, ‘Mallikaamoda’, etc. in the writings of the period is one of the very eminent, popular emperors of
Kalyana Chalukya dynasty.
Not much information is available on childhood of Jayasimha II. Maski inscription of A.D.101010 mentions
about Keerti Vidyadhara, Gandaraganda, Kumara Gajakesari Jayasimha who served Vikramaditya V, donating 100
mattaru land to Ahamalla Chatta Kariyaaychayya in the capital Mosangi. Same way, the 5 Aprilil 1014 inscription of
Navali11 says that Jayasimha II who was in Kumaravritti of Vikramaditya V governed the Edadore 2000 region as
well. It is also known through the inscriptions that he served under Vikramaditya V as Kumaravritti and not as a
Crown Prince. It could be that his 2nd elder brother Ayyana was the Crown Prince during that time. And that is why
Ayyana succeeded Vikramaditya V.
However, it is clear that Jayasimha II came to power in A.D 1015. The Kodakani inscription 12 mentions
Jayasimha II as sovereign. He enjoyed the titles of ‘Jagadekamalla’ and ‘Mallikaamoda’ and is referred to by these
titles in the Vikramaditya VI’s Neelgunda inscription and several of Jayasimha II’s inscriptions. For example,
inscriptions of A.D 1018 Bagali13 A.D 1036 Balligavi14and 24 December 1019 of Roogi15 respectively refer to him as
‘Mallikaamoda’. The Tammadaddi inscription of 23 December 103316 calls him as ‘Trilokyamalla’ and
‘Vikramasimha’. However, all the common titles of his family can also be seen in his inscriptions.

2. CONQUESTS OF JAYASIMHA:
2.1. Jayasimha and the Northern Forces:
At the time when Jayasimha II came to power, Kokkala II’s successor and son Gangeyadeva of Kalachuri
family, the arch enemy of the Kalyana Chalukyas succeeded his father and resumed the power in A.D 1015. And
Bhoja of Paramara family was waiting to avenge his uncle’s (doddappa) defeat at the hands of Kalyana Chalukyas.
And Rajendra Chola created turmoil during the same period by invading and burning the town of Maanyakheta.
Gangeyadeva and Bhoja tried to turn the situation to their advantage by attacking Chalukyas with their united forces.
The Kulenuru inscription of A.D 102817, explains how Gangeyadeva, Bhoja and Rajendra Chola’s forces attacked
Jayasimha II from three directions. A damaged inscription of Vikramaditya VI found in Banavasi says that this war
was fought on the banks of river Gautam Ganga (Godavari). According to the writings of this inscription, Jayasimha
II’s commander Kundaraja defeated the Elephantry of the enemies. Jayasimha II re-established his power by pulling
all his forces together under the able leadership of his commanders and crushed the union of enemy forces. Bhoja

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 7, Issue - 10, Oct – 2021
Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.719
Received Date: 09/10/2021 Acceptance Date: 17/10/2021 Publication Date: 31/10/2021

succeeded in capturing Konkana, while Gangeyadeva and Rajendra Chola were defeated. In 24 th December 1019
inscription in Roogi18
Jayasimha II is referred as ‘Rajendra Chola madabhanjanam, Bhojakulaanalam, Goorjara vajrapaatam,
Malawa nirmoolanam’ which clearly means that he had overpowered all these kings.

2.2. Conflict with Cholas:

The Cholas could not gain much from their fight with the Chalukyas. They dragged the Chalukya king into
war again in A.D 1022. Moreover, he was also unhappy with the Chalukyas in the East, because, Rajendra Chola’s
sister Kuladevi was married to Shaktivarma’s brother Vimaladitya, whose son Rajaraja was expected to succeed
Shaktivarma as Vengi king, which would have made the Cholas powerful in the East. Jayasimha II did not want
stronger Cholas. They posed threat to the Kalyana Chalukyas. Hence, Jayasimha II’s strategy was to create conflict
among the Cholas for the throne after Shaktivarma. So, he supported Vimaladitya’s second wife Melama’s son who
belonged to Telugu Chola family Vijayaditya as the next heir of the Chola kingdom. And naturally, Rajendra Chola
backed his sister Kuladevi’s son Rajaraja. Jayasimha II was defeated by Rajendra Chola in the war held in ‘Maski’.
However, he recovered fast and expelled the Cholas from his empire very soon and appointed Vengi Vijayaditya as
care-taker of the territory around Maski. Later, he enthroned Vijayaditya as the King of Vengi Kingdom.
Nevertheless, it is mentioned in the inscriptions that Jayasimha II again broke down the Cholas in the A.D 1031 battle.

2.3. The Conflict with Hoysalas:

The inscription of A.D 1024-25 at Hanagal19 mentions about Jayasimha II’s commander ‘Paada padmopajeevi
Mahaprachanda Dandanayak Mallideva’ who defeated Hoyasala Samanthas Chengalvas and Kongalvas and received
gifts from them. The contemporary Hoysala king Nrupakama, who was just trying to establish himself, did not involve
himself in the collision against a powerful king like Jayasimha II.

2.4. Capture of Konkana:

The copper inscription of Meeraj explains that Jayasimha II conquered over 7 Konkanas and then camped
near Kolhapur, thereby recapturing all those territories he had lost to Bhoja in the war at Maski. According to the
inscriptions Paramara Bhoja had captured the Konkan region. But the scholars differ in their opinion regarding this
and believe that Bhoja vindicated Munja’s death by attacking the Chalukyas and killing Vikaramaditya V. Jayasimha
who succeeded Vikramaditya V encountered Bhoja and his combined forces severely in A.D 1019. However, Bhoja
soon, in A.D 1020 redeemed Konkana region by invading Jayasimha’s domain which he was not able to retain for
long. Because, according to the Meeraj copper inscription20, in A.D 1024 Jayasimha recaptured the region again. The
A.D 1037 Hottooru edict21 specifies that Jayasimha II’s commander Chaavanarasa was governing Belvolu 300,
Puligere 300. He has been referred as ‘Konkana Dhoomaketu’, ’Pannaalonmaalanam’, (Pannala is present Panhala
near Kolhapur and was ruled by Shilharas) which clearly indicates that he played major role in the recapturing of
Konkana as described in this inscription.

2.7. The Relationship with Sevunas:

The Sevunas were ascending gradually in the North of Chalukya Empire. They were initially Samantas of the
Rashtrakutas, and it seems, they were reluctant to accept Chalukya domination. Hence, the contemporary Sevuna king
Billama III tried to become independent while Jayasimha II was busy handling other aggressors. This is mentioned in
the Achapura inscription22 in Shivamogga district. In which he is referred as ‘Billamadhishaapatam’. It can be inferred
by this that the relationship between the Kalyana Chalukyas and the Sevunas was good. But Billama’s Devalali copper
edict and Kaalabadruka inscriptions say that Billama III was not only Jayasimha II’s contemporary but also his
Samanta. Another very interesting revelation in the Bessin copper inscription is that Billama III’s wife Avvaladevi
was in fact, Jayasimha’s daughter. What can be inferred by these information is that, Jayasimha II constrained Billama
III from getting separated from the Chalukya Empire and becoming independent and Bijjarasa commander in chief of
Jayasimha fought with Billam, but soon he realised his situation and accepted Jayasimha II’s sovereignty by Marrying
his daughter Avvaladevi and establishing permanent and cordial relationship with the emperor. Later, he was also
assigned with the responsibility of securing the Northern borders of the Chalukya Empire from the enemies, which he
did sincerely.

2.8. The Chalukyas of Gujarat:

Gujarat Chalukyas were one of the powerful kings in the Northern border of the Kalyana Chalukya Empire.
Though there is no record or evidence of their direct conflict with the Kalyana Chalukyas, their ancestors had tried to
capture the regions belonging to Laatas under the Kalyana Chalukyas.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 7, Issue - 10, Oct – 2021
Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.719
Received Date: 09/10/2021 Acceptance Date: 17/10/2021 Publication Date: 31/10/2021

According to the ‘Kumarapaala Bhoopala Charita’23 by Jayasimha Soori Chalukya king Durlabharaja was anointed as
the king of Laatdaesha after destroying his enemies. Even Vadnagar Prashasthi Shasana 24 records the destruction of
Laatadesha by Durlabhadeva. The Surat inscription of Trilochanapala25 specifies that his grandfather Keertipala had
lost his empire. Therefore, it seems that this incident might have happened after A.D 1016. Gujarat Chalukyas were
trying to retrieve Laatadesha while Kalyana Chalukyas were busy fighting other enemies.

2.9. Fresh Encounter with the Vengi Chalukyas:

The next very important step taken by Jayasimha II was war against Vengi Chalukyas. As it is already
mentioned earlier, though he had lost the war at Maski, very soon he regained his strength and had retrieved some of
the lost territorries and gave them to Vengi Vijayaditya. As it is mentioned in the Bannigol inscription, Vijayaditya
was the legal heir for the East Chalukya dynasty. So, Jayasimha decided to take up the issue again and settled down
Vijayaditya successfully. Accordingly, the copper inscription of VijayadityaVII’s Pamulavaka26 describes that 12 year
governing of Rajaraja was ended in A.D 1030-31 by his brother Vijayaditya. Although there is no supporting evidence
of the incident, Rajaraja’s Kalidindi charity inscription (Dattishasana) 27 throws some light on this. It explains that in
the memory of Kalidindi, Avakooru and Kadaparra villages were donated for the ritual services of Shaiva temples in
the memory of Rajaraja Brahma Maharaja, Uttama Choda Cholakan and Uttama Chola Miladudayan. All the three
were commanders of Chola King and killed in the war. They had traversed through Andhra with their huge military
forces, indulged in intense fight with the commanders of the King of Karnataka. It is obvious that this ghastly war was
fought between the Chalukyas on behalf of Vijayaditya and the Cholas supporting Rajaraja for the throne of Vengi
dynasty. Ultimately, victorious Jayasimha anointed Vijayaditya as the king of the Vengi Chalukya dynasty.

2.10. Last days of Jayasimha II:

The Nagavi Shasana28 of SomeshwaraI describes some very interesting things about the inside situations that
existed during Jayasimha’s period. Mentioning about Someshwara’s commander Madhusudana’s father Kalidasayya,
describes him as the key person for the prosperity of the Chalukya Kingdom. Its 29th line describes him as Jayasimha’s
life saviour. This indicates that the Chalukya dynasty was suffering from internal rift and moving towards Decline
during Jayasimha’s governance itself. A.D 1043 Avaragere edict29 indicates a new era about Jayasimha II. It doesn’t
talk about Jayasimha II’s rule directly but refers to donations of Immadi Nolamba, who was ruling Ballakunde 3000,
Kogali 500, Kadmbalige 1000 regions. It mentions Immadi Nolamba as Jayasimha II’s Samantha, which means that
Jayasimha was still alive in A.D 1043. Other than this, only 18 October 1042 Sirooru edict 30 records the period of
Jayasimha with certainty. Prof. Kielhorn opines, based on the inscription of Someshwara I that he was coronated on
23rd December 1044 which indicates that Jayasimha II might have died in A.D 1044.

3. CONCLUSION:
Jayasimha was adorned with several awards while he was yet in Kumara vritti. The inscription of A.D 1010 of
Maski31 lauds him as “Srimat Tribhuvana malladeva Paadapankaja bhramaram, Kumaara Gajakesari Keerti
Vidyadharam, Gandara gandam ganda vangaaram, Satya Ratnakaram, ShrimajJayasimhar”.
He was honoured as “Swasthi Samastha Bhuvanaashraya Shri Prithvi Vallabha Maharajadhiraja,
Parameshwara Parama Bhattaarakam, Sathyaashraya Kula tilakam, Chalukyaabharanam, Shri Madjjagadeka
Malladevara Rajyamuttarottarabhivriddhi Pravardhamaanam Aachandraarka taaram Pravartise” or ‘Saluttamire’ or
‘Raajyam Geyuttamire’ after he became the emperor, as these were common titles of the kings of Kalyana Chalukyas.
Some shasanas have also called him as ‘Jagadekamalla’ and sometimes as ‘Mallikaamoda’ as well. The Bagali
inscription of 23 December 101832 decorates Jayasimha with titles “Swasthi Samastha Bhuvanaashrayam Shri
Prithvivallabha Maharajadhiraja Parameshwara Parama Bhattaarakam Sathyaashraya Kulatilakam,
Chalukyaabharanam, Mallikamodam Shri Majjagadeka Malla Jayasinghadevar”. In the A.D 1018 Badami edict 33, he
is called as “Shrimathu Prataapachakravarthy Jagadeka Malladevaru”. The longest citation presented to Jayasimha II
is found in the 24 December 1019 inscription of Roogi34 “Swasthi Samastha Bhuvanaashrayam Shri Prithvivallabha
Maharajadhiraja Parameshwara Parama Bhattarakam Sathyaashraya Kulatilakam, Chalukyaabharanam, Gandarol
Gandam Ganda bangaaram, Teja Maarttaandam, Maarpadebheemam, Mallikaamodam, Keertividyadharam, Kodanda
chaturbhujam, Rajendra Chola mada Bhanjanam, Bhojakulakulaanalam, Goorjara Vajrapaata, Malawa nirmoolanam
Jagadeka Malla Jayasinghadevar”. The Belligavi inscription of A.D 101935 refers to him as “Mallikaamoda, Maarpadi
Bheemam, Raja Gajakesari, Gandarol gandam Ganda bangaaram Cholaagra Kalaanalam Chola Bhandanaapeksha
Vidagda Raaya Pavithra Choodaamani”. The writing at Gudave village of A.D 1032 36 added another feather to his
cap by calling him as “Chalukya Vamshodhbhavam”. In one of another longest citations of A.D 1032 found in
Begooru37, Jayasimha II has been decorated with the most eloquent of awards describing his personality as well;
“Swasthi Samastha Bhuvanaashrayam Shri Prithvivallabha Maharajadhiraja Raja Parameshwara Parama Bhattaaraka
Sathyaashraya Kulatilaka, Chalukyaabharana, Saahasalankarana, Gandarol Gandam, Teja maartaandam, Shourya

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 7, Issue - 10, Oct – 2021
Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.719
Received Date: 09/10/2021 Acceptance Date: 17/10/2021 Publication Date: 31/10/2021

Narayanam, Chatura Chaaraayanam, Chouhaana Sahasra Bahuripurajaraahu Keertividyaadharam, Vikrama

Sridharam Kodandaraamam Maarpade Bheemam, Mallikaamodam, Tyaaga vinodam, Ariraayara Talekaravettam,
Raaya Prataapaadityam, Ganda Bangaaram Kaliyuga neera Punnripati Hrutsellam, Jagadekamallam Shri
MajJayasimhar”. The Tammadaddi writing of A.D 103338 also describes him as “Trailokya Mallam Shrimatu
Vikramasimha Jayasimharu”. The Balligavi shasana, A.D 103639 glorifies Jayasimha II in the following words;
“Swasthi Samastha Bhuvanaashraya Shri Prithvivallabha Maharajadhiraja Raja Parameshwara Parama Bhattaaraka
Sathyaashraya Kulatilakam, Chalukyaabharanam, Mallikaamodam, Maarpadi Bheemam, Raja Gajakesari, Gandarol
Gandam, Ganda bangaaram, Cholaagra Kalaanalam, Chola Bhantanaapeksham, Vidaghdha raayam, Pavithra
Choodaamani, Ariraayara Talekaravettam, Ariraaya selamam, Raaya Praatapadityam, Tejamaartandam, Shourya
Narayanam, Raaya neera badavaanala, Chouhaana Sahasra Baahu raaya jaga jhampa, Keertividyadharam,
Kodandaraamam, Shrimajjagadeka Malla naamaadi samatha Prashasthi sahitam Shri MajJayasimhar”. Kittadahalli
inscription40 describes him as ‘Gandapendaram’, ’Mitra Gunamani’

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17. E.I. XV No.21, 1028 December 24, Kulenuru, Haveri Taluk, Haveri District.
18. S.I.I. XX No 21, 1019 December 24, Roogi, Indi Taluk, Bijapur District.
19. Mackenzie’s collections: Vol XXV page 50.
20. E.I. XII No.34, 1024 April 26, Miraj, miraj Taluk, Sangli District.
21. E.I. XVI No.11, B, 1037 November 21, Hotturu, Shiggavi Taluk, Dharwad District.
22. E.C. (old) VIII part II, Sagara 110, 1042, Aachapura, Sagara Taluk, Shimoga District
23. Krishnamurari:1977 Chalukyas of Kalyana concept publishing, canto I verse, 35,
24. E.I.I. pp 297 and 802.
25. I.A. XII, pp 196, ff
26. JAHRS II P.284
27. Bharathi, XX E.I. XXIX. pp 57, ff
28. Hyderabad archaeological series No 8, Inscription No B pp 5 ff, Nagavi, Chittrapura Taluk, Gulbarga District.
29. E.C. (old) XI Davanagere 19, 1042, Avaragere, Davanagere Taluk, Davanagere District.
30. S.I.I. XI (i) No.75, 1042 October 18, Sirur, Gadag Taluk, Gadag District.
31. HAS. No.18, A Corpus of Inscriptions in the Kannada Districts of Hyderabad.
32. State No.2, 1010 November 10, Maski, Lingasur Taluk, Raichur District.
33. S.I.I. IX (i) 80, 1018 December 23, Bagali, Harapanahalli Taluk, Davanagere District.
34. I.A. VI No. XXXIII, 1018, Badami, Badami Taluk, Bagalkot District.
35. S.I.I. XX No 21, 1019 December 24, Roogi, Indi Taluk, Bijapur District.
36. I.A.V No 9.P. 15, E. C, VII No. Shikaripura- 125, 1019, Balligavi, Shikaripura Taluk, Shimoga District.
37. E.C. (old) VIII part II Soraba 62, 1032. Gudave grama, Soraba Taluk, Shimoga District.
38. E.C. (old) VII Shikaripura 20, 1032, Begur agrahara, Shikaripura Taluk, Shimoga District.
39. S.I.I. XI (i) 68, 1033 December 23, Thammadhaddi, Muddebihala Taluk, Bijapur District.
40. E.C. (old) VII Shikaripura 126, 10

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