CATEGORIES OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE Abdullah Moiz

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CATEGORIES OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE
Name: Abdullah Moiz

Class: 4th Semester
Faculty: Interior Designing
Assignment given: 3/3/2023
Assignment submission: 10/3/2023
Subject: Textile Architecture
Instructor: Sir Iqbal Ahmed
Institute: Indus University (cc)
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Introduction:
Textile membranes are often used in architecture to realize large, unsupported

roof areas, reduce their weight to a minimum and focus the design on the acting
snow and wind loads. To this end, very thin, skin-like materials like foils or
woven and warp-knitted textiles with or without coatings are used, which are easy
to plastically shape, and can only be loaded statically with tension.
1. Façade cladding:
Textile facades are a dry assembled prefabricated building system. Usually,

textile facades consist of a textile covering and a metal structural substructure
fixed to the main (existing) structure of the building.
Different types of textile facade are available: typologies change according to the
connection system of the textile covering. The most widely used are single-layer
or double-curved solutions, tensioned on site. An alternative is the modular panel
systems. Pneumatic systems are a solution too.
The textile facades allow to protect the building from atmospheric agents and can
be applied to new buildings or existing buildings in order to achieve specific
aesthetic and performance targets.
Textile systems for architecture are characterized by a high accuracy in the

production phase that allows an easy combination with traditional building
systems. The high flexibility of the cladding and the support structure minimizes
the risks of damage to the existing facade due to deformations induced by thermal
expansion that often led to damage of rigid glass or ceramic material panels.
The textile materials guarantee an excellent corrosion resistance for external

applications and are fixed to the supporting structure by means of anodized
aluminum profiles which minimize the risk of corrosion. The supporting structure
is generally in steel and protected by a layer of powder galvanizing and painting
applied after the sandblasting of the metal profiles.
Textile facades allow you to cover buildings effectively even in case of complex
three-dimensional shapes. The form-finding process, that is the determination of
the form, takes place through sophisticated calculation algorithms based on the
digital 3D model of the support structure.
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The type of facade cladding and the materials used allow to improve the image
of the building and to meet specific performance requirements related to the
shielding of solar radiation, protection from rainwater and thermal insulation.
2. Surface membrane:
Surface membrane structure in textile architecture is membrane structure,

Structure with a thin, flexible surface (membrane) that carries loads primarily
through tensile stresses. There are two main types: tent structures and pneumatic
structures. The Denver International Airport (1995) features a terminal building
roofed by a white membrane stretched from steel masts.
3. Arched membranes:
The Tension Arch structure is a combination of the arch and the catenary. It is a
structure that transports loads to the earth through segregated unbonded tensile
and compressive structural components. It is basically a suspension structure
whose horizontal tensile forces are resisted by a compressive strut.
4. Peaked roof membrane:
Membrane roofing is used on flat or nearly flat roofs to protect the building
beneath, offer warmth and insulation, move water off the roof and of course,
prevent water from entering the property.
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Commonly manufactured using synthetic rubber, modified bitumen or a

thermoplastic such as PVC, membrane roofs may be more common on
commercial buildings but they have become an increasingly popular option for
residential properties.
5. Funnel-shaped screens:
Main example of funnel-shaped screens can be seen in Madinah where huge

umbrellas are built to provide shade to the pilgrims.
It was clear from the very beginning of the project that only PTFE fabric would
be able to meet the exceptional situational demands. Other materials would not
withstand the aggressive UV radiation or satisfy the stringent standards required
by the customer.
In addition to UV-stability, the material had to have an extremely high tensile

strength owing to wind load, maximum flexibility, colorfastness, fire resistance,
as well as effective shading and appropriate light transmission.
The extra tough PTFE fabric developed by SEFAR Architecture for this huge
project could not remain pure white, owing to the intensity of the light that passes
through it. Its strong transmission would have blinded people beneath the
sunshade. For this reason, the customer chose a sand-colored fabric.
In addition, oriental patterns made from blue PTFE ribbons were applied to the
underside of the umbrella. With careful adjustment of the weaving machine, the
consistent quality of the giant fabric surface was guaranteed. The outcome of
shading with PTFE fabric was a reduction in ambient temperature
by at least 8 °C.
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Structures:
1. Rigid structure: Buildings utilize a durable rigid frame in place of the hollow-
tube, open web truss 'hoop' framing traditionally used for fabric structures. The
strength of the structural steel frame provides several engineering advantages,
most notably the ability to easily customize buildings to the exact width, length
and height required.
2. Transformable structure:
Transformability may help towards meeting certain objectives related to
modifications of the building shape and floor area for improved space utilization,
indoor acoustics, lighting conditions, sun protection, natural ventilation,
photovoltaics energy efficiency, as well as reduced wind loading.
3. Open system:
open system is known as clear span structures. They do not require internal
support columns for reinforcement in the middle of the structure because the high
strength architectural fabric only weighs between .15 to .20 pounds per square
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foot. The clear span width of an architectural fabric structure can range from 50
to 300 feet.
Bibliography:
o https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/medina-
haram-piazza
o https://www.macotechnology.com/en/prodotti/textile-
facades-architecture/
o https://www.no-tillfarmer.com/articles/7282-legacy-building-
solutions-rigid-frame-fabric-buildings
o https://www.britannica.com/technology/membrane-
structure#:~:text=membrane%20structure%2C%20Structu
re%20with%20a,membrane%20stretched%20from%20stee
l%20masts
o https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1984/982/982-
001.pdf

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CATEGORIES OF TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE

Name: Abdullah Moiz

Textile membranes are often used in architecture to realize large, unsupported

Textile facades are a dry assembled prefabricated building system. Usually,

Textile systems for architecture are characterized by a high accuracy in the

The textile materials guarantee an excellent corrosion resistance for external

Surface membrane structure in textile architecture is membrane structure,

4. Peaked roof membrane:

Commonly manufactured using synthetic rubber, modified bitumen or a

Main example of funnel-shaped screens can be seen in Madinah where huge

In addition to UV-stability, the material had to have an extremely high tensile

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