Study of Automated Highway System: International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
STUDY OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM

Shivam B. Gawande1, Prof. Y. S. Khandekar2, Prof. Ashish R. Bijwe3
1
PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, DRGIT&R, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
2
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sipna College of engineering and technology, Amravati,
Maharashtra, India
3
Assistance Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, DRGIT&R, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The Automated Highway System (AHS) running on those road networks. The use ofthis scientific
concept defines a new relationship between vehicles and system is controlled by mechanical systems and radio
the highway infrastructure. AHS refers to a set of controls. The increment in capacity of vehicles running on
designated lanes on a limited access roadway where the road with fully controlled traffic system is basic
specially equipped vehicles are operated under completely concept used for design of automated highway system.
automatic control. AHS uses vehicle and highway control With comparison to behavior of human drivers, the
technologies that shift driving functions from the innovative concept of automated highway system has
driver/operator to the vehicle. Throttle, steering, and played crucial role in management of transportation
braking are automatically controlled to provide safer and network in developed cities. With the passage of the 1991
more convenient travel. AHS also uses communication, Intermodal Surface Transport Efficiency Act (ISTEA),
sensor and obstacledetection technologies to recognize and efforts were on early prototype development and testing
react to external infrastructure conditions. The vehicles and of fully automated vehicles and highways. This act
highway cooperate to coordinate vehicle movement, avoid prompted the US DOT to develop the National Automated
obstacles and improve traffic flow, improving safety and Highway System Research Programme (NAHSRP), whose
reducing congestion. In sum, the AHS concept combines on- goal was to develop specifications for a fully automated
board vehicle intelligence with a range of intelligent highway system concept that would support and stimulate
technologies installed onto existing highway infrastructure the improvement of vehicle and highway technologies.
and communication technologies that connect vehicles to Automated Highway Systems Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute
highway infrastructure. of Technology and Research, Amravati Pg. no. 2 In 1994,
the US Department of Transportation launched the
Key Words: Automated Highways, Deployment, National Highway System Consortium (NAHSC). The
Entrance/Exit, Roadway Interfaces. consortium consisted of nine major categories of
organization including academia, federal, state, regional
1. INTRODUCTION and local government besides representatives from
vehicle, highway, electronics and communications
Automated highway system is a long term industries. The consortium believed in expanding the
transportation system designed with future goals and program’s expertise and resources, and maintained that
numerous future benefits. AHS technology derives a the collaborative approach among the stakeholders would
new relationship between the transportation mediums be critical in building the common interest that would be
and road networks. It is driverless technique which required in the early development and deployment of fully
uses an automatic control system for operation of automated highway systems. Research continues to this
vehicles. Different techniques related with computing day though it is largely sketchy owing to the withdrawal of
ideas, microelectronics, various sensors and advanced the financial support for the National Automated Highway
civil engineering techniques are used for design of an Systems Research Programme (NAHSRP) by the US
automated highway system. The major components of Department of Transportation in the year 1997. Many
any mechanically operated vehicles i.e. throttle, studies conducted by the National Automated Highway
steering and braking are automatically operated in Systems Consortium (NAHSC) continue in partial way with
automated highway system. The major requirement of a couple of federal programmes like the Intelligent Vehicle
any traffic facilities such as coordinated movement of Initiative (IVI) with more focus on a nearer-term horizon.
vehicles, removal of obstacles, improvised traffic
system and safety are easily provided by an automated 1.2 Objectives
highway system. The newly introduced intelligence
techniques are highly used for connecting highway • Introduce new tools for managing urban transport.
system and vehicles Automated highway system will develop tools that can
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 11.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page948
help cities to cross the thresholds that are preventing developments of this research, including both
them from introducing innovative systems. initialisation and updating of model parameters. In fact,
even if the use of Stated Preferences interviews designed
• Studies will be carried out to show that an automated on 2-alternative scenarios with a minimum number of 10
transport system is not only feasible, but will also observations allows us to estimate initial model
contribute to a sustainable solution for the city’s mobility parameters for a satisfactory individual Automated
problems, now and in the future. Highway Systems Dr. Rajendra Gode Pg. no. 6 Institute of
Technology and Research, Amravati travel advice, the
• To study the effect of Traffic volume, Capacity, Road
updating process of individual model parameters is quite
feature, Surface properties on accident rate on highway
slow and too many observations are needed to obtain
road. Automated Highway Systems Dr. Rajendra Gode
statistically significant results. Such a result suggests
Institute of Technology and Research, Amravati Pg. no. 3
studying different approaches for the parameter updating
• To study the defects on highway and annual, monthly process, together with further advances in path choice
accidents rates on the selected highway road. modelling (e.g. investigation of other O/D pairs, user
preferences and model forms) and in the TVPTA
• To survey and document automated highway system implementation (e.g. within augmented reality devices like
with driver and passenger safety systems on roads. Google glass or similar). Using a macroscopic traffic model
similar to that in they derive a controller that commands a
• The reliable intelligent driver assistance systems and desired velocity at each section of the highway such that
safety warning systems is still a long way to go. the density of the entire highway conforms to a specified
density profile. Their model is based on the behavior of
2. LITERATURE REVIEW human drivers. While it is possible to design control laws
for automated vehicles so that they behave like those
Many studies had been done by the various
driven by people, this is not the only approach. The
researchers and vehicles developer on the topic of
developed control law is based upon the inversion of the
automated highway system. These studies indicate the
traffic flow dynamics, which requires a certain traffic flow
benefits for the uses of automated highway system.
controllability condition. This condition is violated when
Agostino Nuzzoloa Describe some theoretical and the density in any section of the highway becomes very
operative aspects of Advanced Traveller Advisory Tool small. The control action at a point in the highway
(ATAT) It should be able to assist users travelling on requires information from the entire highway. This
multimodal networks, suggesting the best paths according problem is alleviated by a dynamic version of the control
to their personal preferences. Such paths are individuated law that solves the matrix inversion dynamically. No
on the basis of the estimation of a perceived path utility multiple lane or lane change commands are considered in
formalised within the Random Utility Theory. It illustrates this work.
the user needs, the logical and the functional architecture
of TVPTA; it also includes the transit modelling framework 3. METHODOLOGY AND DATA
to provide personalized pre-trip information and the  A driver electing to use such an automated highway
learning process to capture individual preferences. The might first pass through a validation lane, similar to
second part describes an implementation example of today's high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) or carpooling
TVPTA concepts in the metropolitan area. Author lanes. The system would then determine if the car will
presented some results of a research aiming at developing function correctly in an automated mode, establish its
an ATAT, able to give personalized information to the user
destination, and deduct any tolls from the driver's
by real-time data. It is based on a path choice modelling
credit account. Improperly operating vehicles would
framework able to provide path alternatives on the basis
be diverted to manual lanes.
of personal travel preferences defined according to a
learning process. The theoretical framework is based on  The driver would then steer into a merging area, and
individual path choice models able to provide transit path the car would be guided through a gate onto an
alternatives on the basis of user personal travel automated lane. An automatic control system would
preferences captured by a learning proceson user habits. coordinate the movement of newly entering and
Analyses carried out by the authors up to now tracking the existing traffic. Once travelling in automated mode,
choices made by a sample of students travelling in the the driver could relax until the turnoff. The reverse
metropolitan area highlight the benefits of providing process would take the vehicle off the highway. At this
individual information, as well as the approximations in point, the system would need to check whether the
providing travel advices through aggregate models. driver could retake control, then take appropriate
Experimental evidences also suggest part of the further action if the driver were asleep, sick, or even dead.
 The alternative to this kind of dedicated lane system is

a mixed traffic system, in which automated and non-
automated vehicles would share the roadway. This
approach requires moreextensive modifications to the
highway infrastructure, but would provide the biggest
payoff in terms of capacity increase.
 In fact, a spectrum of approaches can be envisioned
for highway automation systems in which the degree
of each vehicle's autonomy varies. On one end of the
range would be fully independent or "free-agent"
vehicles with their own proximity sensors that would
enable vehicles to stop safely even if the vehicle ahead
were to apply the brakes suddenly. Fig 1 - Satellite view Study Area
 In the middle would be vehicles that could adapt to
various levels of cooperation with other vehicles The project highway corridor is in the state of
(platooning).At the other end would be systems that Maharashtra and passes through Amravati district. En-
route, it passes few major/minor urban centers, viz.
rely to a lesser or greater degree on the highway
Nandgaon Peth, Mozri, Tivsa, and Ramdara etc. along its
infrastructure for automated support. In general,
length before reaching end of project stretch at Talegaon.
however, most of the technology would be installed in
the car.
Corridor is also known as Amravati – Nagpur Highway.
The highway has two carriageways each with two lanes,
3.1 Informattion of study area Amravati to having a central divider, paved shoulders; side drains on
Talegaon National Highway. both side and flyovers at major intersections.
The Amravati to Talegaon is India's national The silent features of the study area are as given below;
highwaynumber 6 (NH 6 has been renumbered NH 53 Four Lanning of Carriageway = 55.1 Km.
after renumbering of all national highways by National Major Bridges = 1 No.
Highway Authority of India in 2010 year.) high-speed, Minor Bridges = 25 Nos
accesscontrolled tolled highway. It spans a distance of Flyovers = 2 Nos.
55.1 km connecting Amravati to Talegaon. The highway is Railway Over Bridge= 1 No.
part of major East - West national highway NH-6 Culverts = 86 Nos.
commonly referred to as NH-6 or the G.E. Road (Great
Pedestrian Under passes = 11 Nos.
Eastern Road). NH-6 is a busy National Highway that runs
Vehicular Under passes = 11 Nos.
through Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Orissa,
Major intersection = 36 Nos.
Jharkhand and West Bengal state in India. The highway
Service Road = 26.50 Km.
passes through the cities of Surat, Dhule, Amravati,
Bus Bays = 15 Nos.
Nagpur, Raipur, Sambalpur & Kolkata. NH 6 runs over
1,949 km from Hazira to Kolkata forming important east- Toll Plaza Complex = 1 Nos
west connectivity across region. This study section of NH-
6 caters to various types of trafficsuch as urban, suburban 3.2 Data Processing
and regional traffic. The development alongside the
highway indicates mixed land use on both sides of the Most all of the data collected was downloaded on to
highway consisting of agricultural and barren lands, spreadsheets for analysis. The data was analysed to
residential, commercial, small & medium scale industrial determine challenges and deficiencies in the corridor.
establishments such as textiles, woolen blankets, ropes, Project analysis focused on accident analysis because the
watches etc. The corridor in general has significant primary purpose of AHS is to reduce accidents. Accident
potential for future development along the highway and rates were determined for each half-mile segment using a
in the influence area, discussed further in this Report. floating referencing system. Specifically, rates were
Dominant land use of both side of project corridor is rural determined on a half-mile basis, advancing along the route
agriculture land. Since this stretch is part of Great Eastern every tenth-mile. Additionally, severity rates were
Highway which connect two major ports of country determined for each floating half-mile segment. Based on
namely Kolkata and Hazira, it carries good amount of these rates, potential atypical accident locations were
commercial bulk transportation traffic. chosen for further study. Segments exhibiting trends were
thought to have the best chance of maximizing benefits consists of sensor module, logical module, power supply,
from AHS applications. sound detector and display module. Further logical
module comprises timers, NAND gates and decade
counters.
3.3 Traffic Characteristics
Toll revenue of the highway does not solely depend on

traffic volume. There are certain characteristics of traffic
which have significant potential to affect toll revenue.
Component of local traffic, component of passenger and
commercial traffic, portion of return journey traffic,
portion of monthly pass traffic are some such
characteristics of traffic.
Fig 3 – Block diagram of Vehical speed detector using

Timer
Fig 2 - Toll Plaza Location as TP1

depending upon the mode of operation. Photodiodes are
similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that they
4.5 Speed Limit Control may be either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or
packaged with a window or optical fibre connection to
This paper presents a device to detect rash driving on allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device. Many
highways and to alert the traffic authorities in case of any diodes designed for use specifically as a photodiode will
violation. In past, lot of devices to detect rash driving on also use a PIN junction rather than the typical PN
highways has been made. Most of the approaches require junction. When a photon of sufficient energy strikes the
human concentration and involve a lot of effort, which is diode, it excites an electron, thereby creating a mobile
difficult to implement. In this paper we intend to design a electron and a positively charged electron hole. If the
system aimed at early detection and alert of dangerous absorption occurs in the junction's depletion region, or
vehicle driving patterns related to rash driving. The one diffusion length away from it, these carriers are
entire implementation requires an IR transmitter, an IR swept from the junction by the built-in field of the
receiver, a control circuit and a buzzer. The speed limit is depletion region. Thus, holes move toward the anode, and
set by the police who use the system depending upon the electrons toward the cathode, and a photocurrent is
traffic at the very location. The time taken by the vehicle produced which goes to the Timer. In this case, we use
to travel from one set point to the other is calculated by 555 Timer IC which is an integrated circuit (chip)
control circuit and displays that on seven segment implementing a variety oftimer and multi-vibrator
displays. Moreover, if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, applications. The 555 has three operating modes:
a buzzer sounds alerting the police Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a
"one-shot". Applications include timers, missing pulse
PROPOSED SECTION detection, bounce free switches, touch switches,
frequency divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width
In this section, we have designed a highway speed modulation (PWM) etc.
checker circuit to detect the rash driving using different Astable - free running mode: the 555 can operate as an
electronic components such as timer, counter, logic gates, oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse
seven segment display and all other components. It generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms,
shows the typical block diagram of speed checker to pulse position modulation, etc. Bistable mode or Schmitt
detect rash driving on highways using a Timer which trigger: the 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is
not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include considered “simple” if it changes lanes only in the absence
bounce free latched switches, etc of nearby vehicles, thus being assured of no risk of
collision during the lane changing operation. Simple lane
Different types of lane systems on automated changing requires elementary, side looking vehicle
highways: detection
The automated highway system uses three different types 2.1.2 Longitudinal Motion Handling
of road network on basis of number of lanes on the road.
They are listed below: The longitudinal (front-to-back) motion of the vehicle
also has a variety of functions which range from
Single lane highway: simplistic invehicle handling to tactical driving within a
This type of highway consists of automatically congested traffic scene. Speed keeping is the most
operated single lane and there is control on longitudinal elementary function within this category, involving the
velocity of traffic. maintenance of a constant travel speed. It is widely
Discrete lane highway: deployed in the form of “cruise control.” Headway
This type of road network consists of discrete number keeping, also known as adaptive cruise control is a
of automated lanes and there is control of longitudinal function which adapts the speed of the vehicle to match
velocities which is in proportion with number of changes that of a lead vehicle while maintaining a safe distance.
in lanes. Headway keeping is currently being deployed on a
Discrete lane highway with multiple destinations: limited scale in foreign markets. Headway keeping, like all
This type of road networks also contains a number of of the advanced functions in this category, depends upon
discrete lanes but final destination of vehicles decides the reliable vehicle detection & vehicle motion detection. This
control over the lanes. is the ability to ascertain fundamental information about
surrounding vehicles and their behavior. This capability
4. RESULT will likely evolve from simple look-ahead functions to
include look-behind and look-to-the-side as well. The
The lateral (side-to-side) motion of the vehicle has a term “look” is used loosely in this context, and refers to
number of different functions, from vehicle-centric an ability to obtain information about surrounding areas
maneuvers such as lane keeping to those involving in a particular direction. It does not mean to imply that
merging in heavy traffic. First, if the vehicle is to stay vision-based systems must necessarily be used; indeed
within the lane, it needs to know where the lane radar, ladder, and sonar systems may prove far more
boundaries are lane detection is currently achieved useful than vision systems, especially in reduced visibility
through a number of different technologies, including a situations such as rain and fog. Given the ability to detect
vision system, magnetic nails buried in the roadway vehicle and vehicle motion, longitudinal collision warning
which are then sensed by the vehicle, or a radar-reflective becomes possible.
stripe.
Fig -2: Sensor for longitudinal motion
Fig -1: Sensor for lateral motion 2.1.3 Obstacle Handling
Simple lane changing is the ability of the vehicle Obstacle avoidance capabilities reduce or eliminate safety
to move smoothly out of one lane and into another in light hazards caused by obstacles on the automated highway
traffic conditions. The technical requirements for such a system. This includes rocks, vegetation, dropped vehicle
system include side-looking sensors that detect a gap, and parts, disabled vehicles and animals. Obstacle detection
the ability to cross between adjacent lanes and begin lane and threat determination is a much more difficult task
keeping in the new lane. Such a system could be than vehicle detection due to the technical difficulties of
sensing obstacles and identifying whether those obstacles reduced mobile emissions by reducing or eliminating
present a threat. For determine the obstacle radar and deceleration, waiting time, and acceleration.
sonar systems may be used. One way to reduce the need
for obstacle avoidance is to implement obstacle exclusion.
To a limited degree this is already deployed with fencing
and highway department maintenance of the interstate
highway system. Obstacle exclusion can significantly
reduce the frequency of obstacles on the roadway, but it
seems implausible that any exclusion method can be
effective.
Fig -4: ETC mechanism
3.0 Methodology and Data

3.1 Information of study area Amravati to
Talegaon National Highway.
The Amravati to Talegaon is India's national highway
number 6 (NH 6 has been renumbered NH 53 after
renumbering of all national highways by National
Highway Authority of India in 2010 year.) high-speed,
Fig -3: Sensor for obstacle motion
access controlled tolled highway. It spans a distance of
55.1 km connecting Amravati to Talegaon.
Obstacle motion detection & prediction may be a
particularly difficult capability to develop. Unlike The highway is part of major East - West national
vehicles, which are physically constrained in realizable highway NH-6 commonly referred to as NH-6 or the G.E.
maneuvers, obstacles may not behave in readily Road (Great Eastern Road). NH-6 is a busy National
predictable ways. Animals may run into the road and stop Highway that runs through Gujarat, Maharashtra,
abruptly. Loose tires can bounce randomly, depending on Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand and West Bengal state in
road surface, tire wear, and angle of incidence. That India. The highway passes through the cities of Surat,
obstacle motion prediction can be achieved; the vehicle Dhule, Amravati, Nagpur, Raipur, Sambalpur & Kolkata.
can achieve avoidance via lane change. This becomes a NH 6 runs over 1,949 km from Hazira to Kolkata forming
unique capability that depends heavily on good important east-west connectivity across region.
prediction, not only of the motion of the obstacle, but also
of how other vehicles will react to that obstacle. This study section of NH-6 caters to various types of
traffic such as urban, suburban and regional traffic. The
2.2 ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) development alongside the highway indicates mixed land
use on both sides of the highway consisting of agricultural
The Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) System is a new toll and barren lands, residential, commercial, small &
system designed to enhance convenience for drivers by medium scale industrial establishments such as textiles,
enabling cashless toll collection and thus reducing woolen blankets, ropes, watches etc. The corridor in
congestion at High-way tollgates. general has significant potential for future development
along the highway and in the influence area, discussed
ETC toll collection is a technology enabling the electronic further in this Report. Dominant land use of both side of
collection of toll payment. It has been studied by project corridor is rural agriculture land. Since this
researchers and applied in various highways, bridges, and stretch is part of Great Eastern Highway which connect
tunnel requiring such a process. This system can two major ports of country namely Kolkata and Hazira, it
determine if the car is registered or not, and then carries good amount of commercial bulk transportation
informing the authorities of toll payment violation, debits traffic.
and participating accounts. The most advantage of this
technology is the opportunity to eliminate congestion in
toll booths, especially during festive seasons when traffic
trends to be heavier than normal. Other general The project highway corridor is in the state of
advantages for the motorists include fuel savings and Maharashtra and passes through Amravati district.
Enroute, it passes few major/minor urban centers, viz.
Nandgaon Peth, Mozri, Tivsa, and Ramdara etc. along its Oversized Vehicles (7 or more axles)
length before reaching end of project stretch at Talegaon.
Other Vehicles Agriculture Tractor, Tractor & Trailer
Corridor is also known as Amravati – Nagpur Highway.
The highway has two carriageways each with two lanes, 3.3 Traffic Characteristics
having a central divider, paved shoulders; side drains on
both side and flyovers at major intersections. Toll revenue of the highway does not solely depend on
traffic volume. There are certain characteristics of traffic
The silent features of the study area are as given below; which have significant potential to affect toll revenue.
Four Laning of Carriageway = 55.1 Km. Component of local traffic, component of passenger and
Major Bridges = 1 No. commercial traffic, portion of return journey traffic,
Minor Bridges = 25 Nos. portion of monthly pass traffic are some such
characteristics of traffic.
Flyovers = 2 Nos.
Railway Over Bridge= 1 No.
Culverts = 86 Nos.
Pedestrian Under passes = 11 Nos.
Vehicular Under passes = 11 Nos.
Major intersection = 36 Nos.
Service Road = 26.50 Km.
Bus Bays = 15 Nos.
Toll Plaza Complex = 1 Nos.
3.2 Classified Traffic Volume Count

Fig -5: Toll Plaza Location as TP1
The objective of conducting a Classified Traffic Volume 3.4 Traffic Data
Count is to understand the traffic flow pattern including
modal split on a roadway. The Classified Traffic Volume The highway is currently under toll operation, the data
Count survey has been provided by concessionaire of collected is corresponding to category of toll able
project highway from actual traffic data gathered at toll vehicles.
plaza locations based on monthly data. The vehicles can
broadly be classified into fast moving / motorized and Table -2: Traffic Data
slow moving / non-motorized vehicles, which can be
further classified into specific categories of vehicles. The
Annual Annual Annual
groupings of vehicles are further segregated to capture
Average Average Average
the toll able vehicle categories specifically and toll Type of
Sr. Daily Daily Daily
exempted vehicles are counted separately. The detailed Vehicle
vehicle no. Traffic Traffic Traffic
classification system as per IRC: 64-1990 is given in Table For 2015- For 2016- For 2017-
16 17 18
Table -1: Vehicle Classification System 1 Car 5105 5770 5918
Mini Bus /
2 1253 1333 1421
Vehicle Type LCV
3 Truck / Bus 1238 1244 1426
Auto Rickshaw
4 Multi Axel 1742 1808 2031
Car, Jeep, Taxi & Van (Old / new Oversized
Passenger Car 5 2 1 2
technology) Vehicles
Mini Bus Total 9337 10156 10798
Bus
Standard Bus
Light Goods Vehicle (LCV) 3.5 Analysis of traffic count
2 – Axle Truck
Truck Understanding the character of existing traffic forms the
3 Axle Truck (HCV)
basis of traffic forecast. The various vehicle types having
Multi Axle Truck (4-6 Axle) different sizes and characteristics can be converted into a
single unit called Passenger Car Unit (PCU). Passenger Sr. Fata Grievou Mino Tota
Year
Car equivalents for various vehicles are adopted based on No. l s r l
recommendations of Indian Road Congress prescribed in Apr-2015 to 93
1 7 39 47
“IRC-64-1990: Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Dec2015
areas”. The adopted passenger car unit values (PCU) are Jan-2016 to 106
presented in following table. 2 20 34 52
Dec2016
Jan-2017 to 64
Table -3: PCU Factor Adopting For Study 3 17 22 25
Dec2017
Vehicle type PCUs Jan-2018 to Apr 35
4 4 11 20
Car/Van 1.0 2018
Total 48 106 144 298
Mini Bus 1.5
Standard Bus 3.0 60
LCV 1.5 Fatal
40
2-Axel Truck 3.0
20 Grievous
3-6 Axel Truck 4.5
0 Minor
Multi Axel Vehicle 4.5
2015 2016 2017 2018
Auto Rickshaw 1.0
Agriculture Tractor with Trailer 4.5
Chart -1: Accident data of April 2015- April2018
Agriculture Tractor without Trailer 1.5
Accident Data of Dead Animals
Table -4: Traffic in PCU
Traffic PCU PCU Table -6: Accident Data of Animals Amravati to Talegaon
Period Animals
No Index
For year
9337 18543.5 1.99 B
2015-16 Mo P C
Go O Don uf Tot
For year nth Cat Dog i o
10156 19642 1.93 at x key fa al
2016-17 s g w
lo
For year Jun1
10798 21476 1.99 1 2 1 58 0 0 0 3 1 65
2017-18 5
2 Jan17 1 0 17 2 1 2 0 0 23
It can be observed from above that project traffic has PCU
index close to 2.0 which indicates good mix of Mar
commercial, goods traffic and passenger traffic. 3 9 1 34 4 2 1 1 0 52
-18
Apr
3.6 Analysis of accident data 4 12 0 32 3 0 3 2 0 52
-18
Road transport is essential for development as it provides Tot
24 2 141 9 3 6 6 1 192
mobility to people and goods. However, it also exposes al
people to the risk of road accidents, injuries and fatalities.
Exposure to adverse traffic environment is high in India
70
because of the unprecedented rate of motorization and 60
growing urbanization fueled by high rate of economic 50
growth. As a result, incidents of road accidents, traffic 40 Jun-15
injuries and fatalities have remained unacceptably high in 30 Jan-17
the India. 20
Previous year data of accidents on study highway as 10 Mar-18
0
following Apr-18
Accident Data for the Month of April-2015 to April-2018
Table -5: Accident Data Amravati to Talegaon
Chart -2: Accident data of Animals

1000
800
3.7 Case Study of Japan Automated Highway 600
400
Japan, with a population density almost 12 times greater 200
than the United States, has an abiding interest in 0
developing intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to
resolve its traffic congestion and other transportation
problems. Indeed, the Japanese Comprehensive
Automobile Traffic Control System (CACS) program.
Chart -3: Before and After Automation of highway
But recently, Japanese officials have started looking at ITS Accident
from a much greater perspective. ITS is an essential
element in creating a global advanced information and 4.0 Result
telecommunications society. This advanced society will
realize the free generation, circulation, and sharing of 4.1 Accident rate
information and knowledge that are the products of all
human intellectually creative activities, thus leading to a On this basis the total accident hazard is expressed as the
new socioeconomic system that can forge a balance number of accidents of all types per km of each highway
between living/culture, industry/business, and and street classification. R=A/L
nature/environment. As a result, it is expected that there Where,
will be an expansion of economic frontiers, balanced R = total accident rate per km for one year, A =
national land development, and the creation of a standard total number of accident occurring in one year, L
of living for the people such that they can realize a truly = length of control section in km.
comfortable and affluent lifestyle. Accident rate April 2015 to April 2018 including all
accidents (Fatal, Grievous, Minor)
Accident rate before & After Automation in Japan in a
Table -9: Total Accident Rate Amravati to Talegaon
year
Length Total No. of Accident
Years
Table -7: Accident Data of Japan before Automation (km) accident rate per km
Sr. No. Vehicle Type Accident Apr-2015 to
55 93 1.70
Dec2015
1 Bus 545
Jan-2016 to
2 Heavy / Truck 85 55 106 1.93
Dec2016
3 Passenger Vehicle 654
Jan-2017 to
4 Two Wheeler 850 55 64 1.16
Dec2017
5 Car 541 Jan-2018 to
6 Other 658 55 35 0.64
Apr2018
Table -8: Accident Data of Japan after

Sr. No. Vehicle Type Accident
2.5
1 Bus 246 2
2 Heavy / Truck 32 1.5
3 Passenger Vehicle 342 1
4 Two Wheeler 352 0.5 Accident rate
0 per km
5 Car 152
6 Other 354
From the table 7 & 8 the use of ITS automation System the
accident rate are nearly 50% reduces.
Chart -4: Total Accident Rate per km
Accident rate April 2015 to April 2018 for Fatal Jan-17 55 23 0.42
Table -10: Accident Rate of Fatal Amravati to Talegaon Mar-18 55 52 0.95
No. Accident %Accident per
Length rate per rate Apr-18 55 52 0.95
Years km
(km) of km
accident
Apr-2015 to 13% 2
55 7 0.13
Dec-2015 Jun-15
1.5
Jan-2016 36%
1 Jan-17
to 55 20 0.36
Dec-2016 0.5 Mar-18
Jan-2017 31% 0 Apr-18
to 55 17 0.31 Accident rate per km
Dec-2017
Jan-2018 7%
Chart -6: Accident Rate of Animals
to 55 4 0.07
Apr-2018 5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we study Traffic volume, Capacity, Road

feature, Surface properties on accident rate on highway
road. The defects on highway and annual, monthly
accidents rates on the selected highway road. Survey and
document automated highway system with driver and
passenger safety systems on roads. The reliable
intelligent driver assistance systems and safety warning
systems is still a long way to go. We study eliminate the
more than ninety percent of traffic crashes that are
caused by human errors such as misjudgments and in-
attention. Studies will be carried out to show that an
automated transport system is not only feasible, but will
also contribute to a sustainable solution for the city’s
mobility problems, now and in the future.
REFERENCES
Chart -5: Percentage of accident rate of fatal
[1]Alexander Novikov & Pavel Pribyl, “ITS Control of
4.2 Accident rate for animal Highways Capacity” 12th International Conference
"Organization and Traffic Safety Management in large
On this basis the total accident hazard is expressed as the cities", SPbOTSIC-2016, 28-30 September 2016, St.
number of accidents of all types per km of each highway Petersburg, Russia.
and street classification.
R=A/L [2]Sangeeta Mishra, Ajinkya Bavane, “Automated
Where, Highway System (Pune to Mumbai) In India”
R = total accident rate per km for one year, A = International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
total number of accident occurring in one year, L Engineering and
= length of control section in km. Technology. Vol. 7, Issue 5, May 2018
Table -11: Accident Rate of Animals Amravati to [3]Nayan R. Wasekar , Asst. Prof. Feroz H. Khan,
Talegaon “Automated Highway System” International Journal of
Length No. of Accident Advance Engineering and Research Development
Months (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 1, January -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 -
(km) accident rate per km
4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
Jun-15 55 65 1.81
[4] Sanju Meena & Dr. Om Prakash, “The Study on

Automated Highway Systems” Imperial Journal of
Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, and
2017 ISSN: 2454-1362.
[5] Petros A. Ioannou, “Automated Highway Systems”

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-
14419-3264-8 ISBN 978-1-4757-4573-3 (eBook) DOI
10.1007/978-1-4757-4573-3
[6] “IRB OFFER DOCUMENT” Dated April 20, 2017 Book

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

STUDY OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM

 The alternative to this kind of dedicated lane system is

Toll revenue of the highway does not solely depend on

Fig 3 – Block diagram of Vehical speed detector using

Fig 2 - Toll Plaza Location as TP1

Fig -2: Sensor for longitudinal motion

Fig -1: Sensor for lateral motion 2.1.3 Obstacle Handling

Fig -4: ETC mechanism

3.0 Methodology and Data

3.2 Classified Traffic Volume Count

Table -5: Accident Data Amravati to Talegaon

Chart -2: Accident data of Animals

Table -8: Accident Data of Japan after

Chart -4: Total Accident Rate per km

In this paper, we study Traffic volume, Capacity, Road

[4] Sanju Meena & Dr. Om Prakash, “The Study on

[5] Petros A. Ioannou, “Automated Highway Systems”

[6] “IRB OFFER DOCUMENT” Dated April 20, 2017 Book

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