Most Important Questions: Breathing & Exchange of Gases Body Fluids & Circulation
Most Important Questions: Breathing & Exchange of Gases Body Fluids & Circulation
Most Important Questions: Breathing & Exchange of Gases Body Fluids & Circulation
OFFLINE
TODAY 2PM -
5PM
Breathing & Exchange
of Gases
6
- -
-
=
7
we
=
→ SITE OF Exchange*
8
=
9
=
10
=
11
=
→ Prevents from
collapsing .
ARE
* INCOMPLETE CARTILAGINOUS RINGS
IN TERMINAL
ABSENT
BRONCHIOLES
12
=
13
=
EXCHANGE
-
PART
ALVEOLI
14
✓ - ✓
=
✓
④
15
- -
=
O TRAHEA
O
- DIAPHRAGM
②
×
it
16
-
*
- -
17
- -
=
C- 1cm
y
it
18
=
em
RELAX
G- RELAX
→
☐
19
= = =
= =
no
20
×
impf
%
Sternum S Ribs
will be pulled
upward during inspiration
*
21
-
= -
it
22
→
500mL
23
= =
500 ✗
12-lb-IML-S-h.lt
Breathing RATE
24
-
=
☐
③
Tvt C- RV
Fc =
1- 1000
= 1500mL
500
25
-
it
26
-
-
= =
27
=
+ ERV
VITAL CAPACITY
TUT IRV
=
28
-
- =
- = =
*
→ VITAL CAPACITY
29
-
¥
⑤
30
=
31
=
=
104 95
159
32
t
Ozt
05 ALVEOLI
④ 0 Pulmonary vain
v.CO 0 Aorta
33
=
34
45 40
35
if
= =
ATM Alveoli
02 159 104
40
0.3
COL
36
⑧
37
0 BASEMENT
MEMBRANE
0 RBC
38
- E- =
Strenuous
exercise
Normal condition
SMI 02
blood
-
100mL 13mL 02
blood
-
100mL
f. E
39
= -
= =
40
7-
20-25
20-25
41
= =
42
100mi blood → 12 -
169m
Hb__
43
= -
44
-
p 029
(
pm d
Ht ( on A
02 to
45
= =
= = =
shift TOWARDS
lEf⇐
CO2
&
Temp
46
- = -
47
= -
= = = =
( 029
PM to
Ht cont
⑧
48
-
=
⇐
←
⑨
159 40
45
03
49
= =
( ARBONL
" 203 ←
Ht ttecoz
coat Hao
←
ANHYDRASE
50
an ice
51
=
I
52
PC 0<9
=
PH to
Tom M
02 to
53
-
2¥99
Byproduct of
Metabolism*
54
→ -
- -
- -
receptor
Joon
in
02 l0n
NO
change
55
= = =
56
=
VRG
→
Medulla oblongata → DRG
57
x
58
-
59
✗
60
100mL blood -
4m10s
n is -
5mL 02
61
-
62
= -
63
= =
64
= =
65
=
66
=
-
-
✗
- Gills
✗
✗
←
SKIN
67
=
;=⑨
68
= =
ice
or
69
:
②
70
=
71
Pleural effusion
→
A
fluid
Pleural
72
= =
- -
y
no
←
⑤ smooth Muscles
I NVOWN TARY__
73
no
←
no
✗
0.3
74
- = -
97-1
= -
-
= =
RB
-
÷÷sm±
=
= =
= =
④
75
use
point
saturation
or
'
no
p 02
✓
%
76
= =
it
④
77
= -
78
Atm Air Alveoli Deoxy Tissue
Doxy
159 104 95 40 4-0
02
45 45
40
03 40
( 02
list
as
OF
HO
|" Pow
}
PIOLA
}
PAM LUNGS
Plate POLL
a
-
left ,
put p ,,
Etf
Tomb
Tcmpth
B%¥¥hAMB0RhR
ce
-
Plasma
/
t.co#--g--t-oz-ceRBC
Receptor
-
%+|±(]
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
*
✓ ⑨
93
94
Cant Measure ④ → Measure →
spirometer
(÷ : :
IRU 2500 -
3000
÷pEu@
*
#
RV 1200
IC = TV 1- IRV
Tvt ERV
E C =
Tv 1- IRV TERU
VC =
FR⇐= RVtERV__
95
96
±
97
¥
98
*
②
←
99
=
100
= -
*
Breathing
→
Forceful
11cm
101
- -
=
-
102
- =
→ HBO
to
Hot
carboxy
HAEMOG lOB1N→
103
-
=-
104
x
105
÷ .
106
Body Fluids
& Circulation
107
-
=
108
=
→
HOTTING -
ANTIBODY
Bl0P__
109
= -
110
←
111
=
d
Macrophagcs=
112
Monocytes
KIDNEY SHAPED
N Ld UEUS__
co
BASOPH 15
113
= = -
÷
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
⑤ Platelets are formed by
Mega Kary ocyk±
114
A Anti B
→
- =
+
In
= →
&
CLUMPING
ANTIGEN
SURFACE OF
RBC
ANTIBODY A
plasma
Anti B
115
-
I
←
116
=
it
DONOR
-
0 UNIVERSAL
ABT a Recipient
117
we →
Rh antigen *
Against
118
0 =
119
Father Rht Mother Rh
-
① St child Rht NO
yt
-
Parturition -
Mixing of Maternal S
Foetal Blood
RH ANTIBODY IN MOTHER
2nd child -
Rht
→ Anaemia / 5auntd
CLOTTING FACTORS NOT IMP *
THROMBOPLASTIN → THROMBOKINASE
Prothrombin → Thrombin
-
fibrinogen→Fibrin
1- t
#
soluble INSOLUBLE
120
*
CHORDATES
Annelids S
Closed -
121
④ ONLY CROCODILE HAS
uchambved Hart
single circulation
1A]
*
Mixed circulation
Reptiles
-
AMPHIBIAN
☐z
122
-
=
OF
oiy.n-g.my
123
Veins
✓
④ 1- POCKET
vAUE=
FOR
NO UAWE
→ RA / RV
TRICUSPID
→ CA / LV
1 BICUSPID
Artery
opening of
M¥ semilunar
-
EUSTACHIAN
- Opining of
IVC
}- RA
opening of
coronary
Tncbasicn
-
124
125
✓
126
*
fibvc-S.tt
Muscle
Cardiac
sAN0DE@
→
NODE
AU NODE
BUNDLE OF HIS
PURKINJE f-BRISK
127
=
128
-
129
-
= =
Pau Maher
SA NODE
-
Pace Gttv__
AV NODE
-
130
0
Svc
01A
0
RA
O - W
NL
① O INTER
VENTRICULAR
SEPTUM
131
=
132
-
133
←
CO = SOVX HR
FDV ESV
Sv
-
=
70 ✗ 72
120 -
50
= 70mL
=
5000M€
④
5b¥
134
contraction 9 Av value
qf
DUBB →
V.Dias.to# OF
/ CCOSUNE
CONTRACTION VALVE
S LUNAR
135
F-
136
JOINT DIASTOLE → 0.4sec ( 70% Ventricular
filling)
SA NODE IMPULSE
d
Atrial systole -
0,
d
07sec
Atrial Diastole -
d
AV NODE
BUNDLE → PURKINJE →
Dipolar isatin of ventricle → QRS complex
d. Start
-
Ventricular systole -
0.3 see I
/ → Repolarisation 01 10b£
( closure of Au Valle >
Ventricular Diastole
f b
o.sc#.Twaue--
START
-DuBB__
÷Ñ÷
→ No
of Heart beat
P-
= No of QRS
> CO
MPtX__
=
137
T
.
externa Tuck - ARTERY
,
T . Media -
Tain
- VEIN
7. intimq
138
ART Vt7N_
PA ② 05 Exp -
pv
② 02M Xp -
-
③ Dup ③ superficial
✓
④
139
140
§
PC
→ CAROTID
PA
- p, ARTERY
RA LA
- T.uqrn-R.VE 'M
RV LV
-
SUBCLAVIAN
AORTA
- Mesenteric
u ,
→ PHRENIC
Deoxygenated oxy
#
Blood
Blood
MAXIMUM MHz
µ
it
④
MAX UREA -
Hepatic vein
→ CORONARY
AORTA
CORONARY ARTERY
slN⇐
→
to
144
-
145
HRM COP
←
-
VAGAL STIMULATION
OF Acetylcholine
Heart Beat A
Symp →
*
As → u L H④
THYROXINE → HRM
→
ADRENALINE
146
x
147
✓ 1401900 -
Hyper
110/70 → Hypo
120mn
systolic -
Tacky
HRM →
Diastolic -
80mm
Hrd
-
BRADY
Sys Dias
Pulse prank
-
=
40mm=
148
x
149
✓
150
✓
151
it
152
153
① Angina → Aute pain → less Oz in tliart
Heart Attack / ME
→ Heart Mascle dies*
Myocardial INFARCTION
c☒ -
259m
156
157
✗B0D#
→
to
NO of ✗ chromosome
-
↳
Drumsticks -
Neutrophils
158
Graveyard of Rbc -
Spleen
→
Reservoir
iii.
Erythropoiesis -
BoncMavv①
Size →
LV > RV > RA > LA
159
✓
160
Mesodermal
→ Pericardium
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
¥
174
175
#
176
E
177
É
178
x
179
_
180
x
181
=
182
x
183
r
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
-
CO = HR ✗ SV
72 X 50
194
195
196
197
→ HUMAN
PHYSIO-DUE.SN#C-0NCtPT
Thanks!
no
208