Practical Research 1

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and study which were used

bythe researchers as a frame of technology dependency in conceptualizing their study. Dueto

the pervasive growth of technology over the years, a number of pertinent studies andwritings

from various points of view have been published.The positive and negative effectbetween the

cited studies and researcher’s proposed study are discussed briefly at theend of discussion.On

GadgetTech Crates (2012), one cannot even dare to imagine life without smart phones,cell

phones, laptops, tablets, iPods and so on because today’s gadgets are one of the ways to make

life more comfortable and easier CHAPTER. Shy (2010) says that no one can denythe fact

that gadgets have not only simplified the lives of people but also made them more and

luxurious. Indeed, these gadgets really made a huge impact in people’s lives and became part

of it

Today’s classrooms are equipped with the latest technology to

enhanceinstruction (Gammuac, 2013). Technology users are moving towards being

moremobile, and teachers and students are a significant part of that trend. On 2013,

Lenovo,the world’s top PC vendor reported that they sold more smartphones and tablets

thanPCs for the first time ever.Whether a student is listening to his own music whilestudying,

or a teacher is playing an audio book to her students, mp3 players are anincreasingly common

sight in schools. Both teachers and students can make full use ofmp3 players in their school

activities (Gammuac, 2013).Zucker& Light (2009), providing computers to schools increases

the technologyskills of teachers and students in both the developed and the developing world.

Laptopprograms increase students’ engagement with academic work and school,

improvetechnology skills, and have positive effects on students’ writing. Research in


manynations suggests that laptop programs will be most successful as part of

comprehensiveinitiatives that also address changes in education goals, curricula, teacher

training, andassessment. An analysis of effective technology use for at-risk students found

that simplyreplacing teachers with computer-based instruction typically yields no learning

benefits.Rather, blending leads to higher engagement and learning gains (Darling-Hammond

etal., 2014).Gross (2009), people are very frequent in use of media and modern

technologiesin communication at home or at work and feel hard to survive in the absence of

modern means of communications. Clegg and Bailey (2008) assert that with the utilization of

mobile devices such aslaptops and tablet computers, the learning process for the students

become more funand conducive due to the user-interactivity and appealing visuals present in

theselearning tools.

K-12 curriculum that the government eyes the use of tablet computers in

publicschools in lieu of traditional textbooks (Enterprise Innovation, 2012). With thepresence

of laptops in the classrooms, students become more engaged and involved inschool-related

activities (Oquias, 2011)

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