Related Literature

Many preschools were closed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

epidemic. Preschoolers were forced to stay at home for months due to a lack of educational

materials, social contacts, and schooling procedures. Meanwhile, in addition to the economic and

emotional difficulties brought on by the epidemic, restricted childcare options may create

additional stress to parents. (Fei Tan, 30 May 2021). High population increase has been

identified as a significant impediment to human progress. By 2015, the world's population,

which is now predicted to be approximately 6 billion people, is expected to surpass 7 billion.

Almost majority of this expansion is occurring in developing countries, such as those in Africa

and South Asia, where the fertility rate is still high. (Francess Dufie Azumah, 2017).

Large families, whether wealthy or impoverished, are difficult to manage; they are

characterized by a large number of children, rowdiness, and a lack of learning convenience. They

also cause several well-known issues in children's upbringing, such as inadequate nutrition, bad

clothes, and so on. Inadequate money and care for children, as well as discipline issues and

starvation, all have a negative influence on children's academic achievement. Children from

relatively small households, on the other hand, fared better in verbal and nonverbal examinations

than children from big families in the same test, according to research conducted in Scotland.

(Ella, November 2015).

Time, cost, interaction, order, sharing, getting to know each other, ease of transportation,

updated notice boards, technology, school facilities, security, control, requirement, and

participation size were all shown to have an impact on family engagement activities. (Koçyiğit,

Published 2015)
 Children may be more prone to unpleasant emotions in an unexpected and disorderly

environment, such as that found in maltreating homes. Maltreated children and adolescents are

more irritable, angry, frustrated, and reactive than their non-maltreated counterparts. Physically

abused children and teenagers, in particular, may suffer high levels of emotional arousal, making

it difficult to manage and process negative emotions. (Deater-Deckard, 2011)

Many countries in the world, including practically all high-income countries, have

exceptionally low birth rates. Policymakers are keen to learn more about the reasons for this

decrease and how to address them. Fertility may be influenced by people's views about work,

particularly the elevation of job progress to a very high place in individual priorities. Because of

the emergence of "work-focused" value systems and life courses, establishing work-family

balance isn't only about employers adapting to the increasing complexity of individual goals; it

may also mean that many men and women choose a work-family balance that is more work and

less family.

(Stone, 2021)

Related Studies

Foreign

According to (E, (2021) Early results indicate that it is a successful way to help preschool

children recognize and understand emotions, and there are plans to continue developing and

implementing the initiative. Learning materials for preschoolers that help them explore and

improve their emotional resilience are still in the early stages of development.

According to (Adjei, June 2017) The effects of big family size on school enrolment, the

effect of family size on students' academic performance, and whether family size affects a child's
educational achievement were among the specific concerns that were closely examined.

According to the findings of the study, children from large families are more likely to enroll late

in school, perform badly, and leave school early than children from small households. The

study's findings found that the primary causes are financial difficulties, a lack of parental

attention, and bad health.

According to the book (The Family Effect on Academic Performance in School. A Case

Study of selected Schools in Kabale District, 2017), Many studies have found that the nature of a

family's history has a significant impact on a child's academic achievement. Children's academic

achievement at all stages of schooling in the school system is heavily influenced by their familial

background. It is well known that the quality of family interactions has a significant impact on

the motivation and success of children in school. In the past, the lack of attention and importance

given to our schools and the education of our kids with disabilities accounted for their low

academic performance. (Jimon, 2000). He went on to say that the combination of poverty and

handicap in secondary school kids' lives had caused tremendous challenges and had catastrophic

psychological consequences. Physical disabilities necessitate a certain degree of financial

resources to keep up with social and economic pursuits, as well as meet scholastic expectations

in society.

Parental educational engagement, such as discussing school topics with children,

checking their homework, and engaging in school events, has been shown to increase children's

academic performance in empirical research. (pong, 2018).

There is a lot of anxiety these days about children's growth and conduct. Many writers

have looked into this topic, and we'll take a look at a few of the ideas that include family. (Dias,

December 2012)
Local

Because most schools and instructors were not accustomed to online instruction, making

the transition was difficult. Even having access to technical resources, instructors' credentials,

and school processes for efficiently using digital devices needed to be improved. The work-

family balance, parental support, and school-family collaboration models have all been severely

impacted by this new circumstance. (Hornby, June 2021)

Even though Filipino parents of all socioeconomic classes regard education as critical to

their children's success and are willing to go to great lengths to help their children succeed in

school, retention is a major concern in Philippine schools, with many students not continuing

past elementary school. (Blair, 2014). Using a survey questionnaire, Nierva (2009) reveals the

association between parental participation and family status characteristics of grade one parents

in one of the private schools in Quezon City, the Philippines. It discovers that to improve the

home-school collaboration, At the national, regional, division, and school levels, policies to

govern practices addressing home-school collaboration must be created. As a result, this study

had a small number of participants and did not employ any other instruments to confirm the

survey's findings. (Bartolome, 2017)

Parents have a lot of effect on their kid's cognitive development in the early years,

therefore the interaction between home and school should be maintained, especially throughout

primary school years, for a child to prosper. (Ho, 2009) Even though family background appears

to be a major driver of parental participation, most parents, when properly encouraged, are
willing to participate. capable of devoting additional time and effort to their children's education,

both at home and at school. (Mamat, 2017)

The researchers found that big families had an impact on a preschool child's academic

achievement, as evidenced by the many types of literature described in this study. On the other

side, a small family is more concentrated when it comes to the child's learning, particularly

during this period. The study is used by the tertiary level researchers of Mabalacat City College

and the researcher will also conduct a survey of the chosen family in Northville 16 as their

respondents.
References:

Preschoolers’ Approaches to Learning and Family-school Connections During COVID-19: An Empirical

Study Based on a Wuhan Sample | SpringerLink

(PDF) The Effects Of Family Size On The Investment Of Child Education, Case Study At Atonsu-Buokro,

Kumasi (researchgate.net)

[PDF] Family Involvement in Preschool Education: Rationale, Problems, and Solutions for the

Participants. | Semantic Scholar

The Family Effect on Academic Performance in School. A Case Study of selected Schools in Kabale

District - GRIN

How does family background affect children’s educational achievement? Evidence from Contemporary

China | The Journal of Chinese Sociology | Full Text (springeropen.com)

education-11-00302 (3).pdf

EJ1207994.pdf (ed.gov)

Microsoft Word - 1-Families Influences in Children’s Development and Behaviour, From Parents and
Teachers’ Point of View (ed.gov)

Reports | Institute for Family Studies (ifstudies.org)

EJ1207994.pdf (ed.gov)