MODULE 1 Q4 IN TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION GRADE 7

March 23, 2023

Unit 3: HANDICRAFTS
Chapter 1: FIBER CRAFTS
Lesson 1: PROCESSING OF FIBER
Lesson 2: PROJECT MAKING: ABACA FIBER CRAFT ARTICLES

SUBJECT MATTERS:
Lesson 1:
1. Philippine Production of Abaca Fiber
2. Processing of Abaca Fiber

Lesson 2:
1. The Sinamay Fabric
2. How to Make Sinamay Rose Flower
3. Other Examples of Projects made of Abaca Fiber

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you can:

1. Identify natural and synthetic fibers

2. Discuss the steps in processing abaca fiber
3. Become familiar with the sinamay fabric
4. Produce crafts made of abaca

ELICIT:
Answer the questions briefly:

1. How familiar you are with the Philippine abaca fiber?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Have you had an experience in making projects out of abaca fiber? Share
your experience
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ENGAGE:
Lesson 1: PROCESSING OF FIBER
All textiles start with a fiber. The first step is to obtain the fiber from the source. Secondly, the fiber is
spun into yarn. Yarn will now be woven or knitted into fabric.

There are 2 categories of fabrics, which are:

1. Natural fiber is taken from plants and animal. Examples of this kind of fiber
include cotton, linen, silk, and wool.
2. Synthetic fiber comes from manufacturing and processing technologies. Nylon,
polyester, spandex, and acrylic are common synthetic fibers
 Natural and Synthetic Fibers
TEXTILE FIBERS: Natural Fibers
CHIEF USES
FIBER CHARACTERISTICS CARE
(HOME AND APPAREL)
Cotton • Lightweight apparel • Versatile and durable • Limited only by finish,
• Household fabric • Endures frequent dye, and
laundering construction of item
• Easily ironed at high • Special for durable
temperature when press
damp • May be machine
• Inexpensive laundered
• Avoid risk of mildew
• Women’s and • Endures frequent • Limited only by finish,
Linen children’s dresses laundering dye, and
and blouses • Does not shed lint construction of item
• Summer suiting • Wrinkles unless • Iron at high
• Table linens and treated temperature
other household • Resist dye type stain • Avoid pressing in
fabrics • More expensive than sharp creases
cotton • Avoid risk of mildew
Silk • Light- and medium- • Strong, with natural • Dry cleaning usually
weight clothing luster preferred
• Accessories • Moderately resilient • May be hand
• Some expensive • Resist dye-type stains laundered in mild
upholstery and • More expensive than suds
drapery fabrics synthetic silky yarn • Avoid exposure to
light
• Can be attacked by
insects
Wool • Outerwear • Springs back into • Dry cleaning usually
• Medium-weight shape preferred
clothing • Requires little pressing • Will shrink and felt in
• Blanket • Great versatility in presence of moisture,
• Upholstery fabrics heat, and agitation,
• Insulating capacity as in laundry
which increases with • Can be attacked by
fabric thickness insects
Synthetic Fibers
Acetate • Light- and medium- • Drapes well • Will glaze and melt if
Triacetate weight clothing • Dries quickly ironed or pressed at
• Upholstery and • Subject to fume- higher temperatures
drapery fabrics fading • Dry cleaning is
• Fiberfill • Inexpensive preferred
• Triacetate is wrinkle • Triacetate is
resistant washable

Rayon • Light- and medium- • Absorbent • Dry cleaning is

weight clothing • Lacks resilience; preferred
• Upholstery and wrinkles easily • Can be laundered
drapery fabrics • Flammability a • Tends to shrink and
• Some blankets, throw danger in brushed or stretch unless proper
rugs, and table napped fabric chemical finish is
coverings • Inexpensive applied
• H.W.M -strong and • Washable
resists laundry
damage
Rubber • Foundation garments • Stretch and recovery • Frequent washing in
• Swimwear rate is high mild suds
• Damaged by oils and • Avoid constant
light overstretch and high
• Discolors temperature
 Spandex • Foundation garments • Stretch and recovery • May be machine
• Swimwear rate is high laundered with
• Surgical hose • Damaged by oils and warm water
• Ski pants and other light • Dry on lowest heat,
sportswear • Discolors shortest cycle
General characteristics of the following synthetic fibers
• Moderate to high resilience • Tends to accumulate static electricity
• Abrasion, moth, and mildew • Nonabsorbent; easy to wash; quick drying
resistant • Resist nonoily stains, but body oils penetrate the
• Sensitivity to heat in ironing fiber; and are hard to remove
• Resists stretching and shrinking • Holds pleats because of thermos-plastic qualities
• Completely washable
CHIEF USES
FIBER CHARACTERISTICS CARE
(HOME AND APPAREL)
Acrylic • Tailored outerwear • Resist wrinkling • Remove oily stains
• Knitted wear • High bulking power before washing
• Pile fabrics • Wool-like texture, if • Waterborne stains
• Blankets desired easily removed
• carpets • Soft hand • Washable or dry
• Very resistant to effects cleanable
of sunlight • Use medium ironing
temperatures
Modacrylic • Deep-pile and fleece • Soft and resilient • May be ironed at
fabrics • Resist wrinkling extremely low
• Carpets (in • Nonflammable temperatures only
combination with
acrylic)
Nylon • Hosiery • Exceptional strength • Remove oily stains
• Lingerie • Excellent elasticity before washing
• Sweaters • Retains shape • Washes easily; wash
• Wind jackets • Woven fabrics often with care to
• Dress fabrics uncomfortable in maintain whiteness
• Carpets contact with skin; • Press at low
textured yarns are less temperatures
so • Dry-cleanable
Olefin • Seat covers for • No water absorption • Shampoo with mild
automobiles and • Low melting detergent and
outdoor furniture temperature lukewarm water
• Carpets - indoor and • Strong and abrasion
outdoor resistant
Polyester • Wash-and-wear • Sharp pleat and • Remove oily stains
clothing – often in crease retention before washing
combination with • Some are spill resistant • Washes easily; wash
other fibers, • Exceptional wrinkle with care to
especially cotton resistant maintain whiteness
• Curtains • Reinforces cotton in • Needs little ironing
• Carpets durable press fabrics or pressing
• Fiberfill • Use steam iron at
Vinyon • Mixed with other • Resistant to chemicals • Choose care
fibers for heat and light practices suitable
bonding • Nonflammable for fabrics which
• Low melting have been bonded
temperature with vinyon

THE ABACA PLANT

Abaca or Musa textilis is from the banana family, Musaceae. It is similar to the banana in appearance
except that the leaves are upright pointed, narrower, and more tapering. Abaca is a native to the Philippines
because the warm, wet climate and volcanic soils are suited to its growth. It is of great economic importance,
being harvested for its fiber which is generally called Manila hemp, extracted from the trunk or pseudostem.
The plant grows about 4 meters tall.

Many has claimed that abaca fiber is the premier rope fiber of the world. The abaca fiber industry
continues to generate jobs and earn dollar remittances for the country.

PROCESSING OF ABACA FIBER

The abaca fiber is one of the top ten agricultural export commodities of the Philippines. The abaca
undergoes processing before the fiber is packed for export. The following are the steps in extracting abaca
fiber:

1. Cutting the stalk of the abaca plant

2. Placing stalk, which is cut into quarters, under a large knife then pulling the stalk through it scraping
off the none filamented materials
3. Hanging the fiber for it to dry
4. Inspecting and classifying the fiber into different grades
Classification and grade of abaca fiber:
▪ Excellent (AD, EF, S2 and S3)
▪ Good (I, G, H)
▪ Fair (JK, MI)
▪ Coarse ((L)
▪ Residual (Y1, Y2, O, T, WS)
5. Packing the fiber before export

Watch this link to see how abaca fiber is processed:

https://youtu.be/1CVCHAD6ujo

Lesson 2: PROJECT MAKING: ABACA FIBER CRAFT ARTICLES

The sinamay fabric is made from abaca fiber. Sinamay is light in and straw-like, does not fray easily,
and can be shaped well. The sinamay fabric’s unique qualities make it very popular at just about most of the
fashion accessories being used before and until today. The sinamay fabric can be dyed or stiffened,
depending on how a user likes it to be.
HOW TO MAKE SINAMAY FLOWER AND BOWS
Here is a simple project for you:
https://youtu.be/sdzn0TDeXOQ
https://youtu.be/5wEWIZWEfF0
https://youtu.be/zFmSYilpPeI

Using sinamay fabric, you can also make bags, photo frames, trays, baskets, sleepers, lamps, etc.

HOW TO MAKE DECORATIVE ITEMS WITH ABACA ROPE

https://youtu.be/ILXJWRK45w0
https://youtu.be/7jFWRoTLTu0
https://youtu.be/aoKcnNcu6UU
https://youtu.be/pJaoiEMlJzk

IN SUMMARY:
• Fiber is divided into two categories: natural and synthetic
• Abaca or Musa textilis is from the banana family, Musaceae.
• The abaca fiber industry continues to generate jobs and earn dollar remittances for our country
• Abaca undergoes processing before the fiber is packed for export
• The sinamay fabric is made from abaca fiber. Sinamay is light in weight and straw-like, does not fray
easily, and can be shaped well.
• Using sinamay fabric, you can make flowers, bags, photo frames, trays, baskets, sleepers, lamps, etc.