CIVIL AIR REGULATIONS

Republic Act. 9497 – CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ACT

PCAR – Philippine Civil Air Regulation

Part I General Policies, Procedures, Definitions

Part II Personnel Licensing

Part III Approved Training Organizations

Part IV Aircraft Registration and Markings

Part V Airworthiness

Part VI Approved Maintenance Organizations

Part VII Instruments and Organization

Part VIII Operations

Part IX Air Operator Certification and Administration

Part X Commercial Air Transport by Foreign AirCarriers within Republic of the Phils.

Part XI Aerial Work and Non-certificated Aircraft: Operating Limitations

Part XVIII Dangerous Goods

AIP – Aeronautical Information Publication. A compilation of aeronautical information relative to

CAR can only be violated during emergency (MANDATORY)

ATC Clearances are RECOMMENDATORY

- Procedures and not a Law

Definition of Terms

 Aircraft - Aircraft definition, any machine supported for flight in the air by buoyancy or by the dynamic
action of air on its surfaces.

Aircraft Engine – intended to be used for propulsion of the aircraft

Airframe – refers to as mechanical structure of an aircraft but not including the powerplant
Airman - any individual who engages as the person in command or as pilot, mechanic, flight radio
operator or member of the crew, in the navigation of aircraft while underway, and any individual who is
directly in charge of inspection, maintenance, overhauling, or repair of aircraft, aircraft engine,
propeller, or appliances; and any individual who serves in the capacity of aircraft dispatcher or air traffic
control operator.

Aerodrome -  defined area on land or water, including any buildings, installations and equipment
intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and movement of aircraft.

Controlled Area – airspace extending upwards in a specified height or dimension from the surface of the
earth

Dual Instruction Time - flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a licensed
flight instructor on board the aircraft.

Solo Flight Time – flight time during which a pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft

Flight Crew Member - a licensed crew member charged with duties to the operation of an aircraft
during flight time

Flight Instructor – a licensed pilot who is qualified to instruct other pilots and who has received a flight
instructor’s license

Flight time –aircraft move under its own power for the purpose of taking off

Pilot – a licensed flight crew member who operates an aircraft in flight

Co-Pilot – a licensed flight crew member who relieves the pilot (P.I.C.) of an aircraft

P.I.C. ( Pilot-in-Command) – pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight

 Night – hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight

*cat table airmen air craft

General Rules Concerning Licenses

2..A holder of a license shall not exercise the privileges other than what is specified on his/her license

General Information:
-All practical and theoretical examinations shall have a minimum passing percentage of 70%

-All types of licenses or ratings are non-transferable

-The owner or operator of the aircraft is the one responsible for ensuring the Airworthiness of the
aircraft is maintained
-The PIC is responsible for closing the flight plan

-The PIC has the final authority as to the disposition of the aircraft while in flight

-The student pilot is the PIC of an aircraft if he/she is the sole occupant of the aircraft

-In case of an aircraft accident, it is the responsibility of the PIC to report the said accident to the CAAP
as soon as possible

-In case of an aircraft accident, it is the responsibility of the PIC to report the said accident to the CAAP
as soon as possible

- The PIC is responsible for determining whether the aircraft is in condition for safe flight

-The maximum amount of alcohol in the bloodstream should be .0.04 % (blood alcohol level)

-Allowance of 8-12 hours before flight/24 hours for airlines

-No person shall operate an aircraft in formation flight except by prior arrangements with the pilot-in-
command of each aircraft.

-When ATC clearance has been obtained, no pilot may deviate from that clearance unless the pilot
obtains an amended clearance.

-Manila International Airport is closed to all aircraft without a functioning two-way radio

-Flight crewmembers are required to keep their safety belts and shoulder harnesses fastened during
take-offs and landings

-Flight crewmembers are specifically required to keep their safety belts during take-off and landing and
while en-route; shoulder harnesses during take-off and landing

-With certain exceptions, safety belts are required to be secured about passengers during taxi, take-off
and landing

-The aircraft mechanic is the one responsible for updating the aircraft logbook.

-Prior to every flight, a pilot should at least perform a walk around inspection of the aircraft.

-Application for renewal of license may be done 30 days before the day of expiration

-A holder of an expired license shall pass CAR written exam and practical examination

-Upon suspension, revocation or expiration of a license the holder thereof shall surrender the license

-If a holder of an airman license who surrenders his license on or before the expiration date of the
license may not be required to take the theoretical CAR examination

-A holder of an airman license and medical certificate should have all of these in his/her personal
possession when on duty or performing the duties pertinent to his license
*Special VIP flights

VIP 1 – Head of State ( arriving or departing )

VIP 2 – Family of Head of State

VIP 3 – Distinguished Head of State

2 Types of Flight Rules

1.VFR (Visual Flight Rules) – flight navigation which uses landmarks as reference

>VMC –Visual Meteorological Condition ( 8kms)

>flown between sunrise to sunset

>not allowed above FL200 ( 20,000ft )

>not allowed at transonic and supersonic speeds

2.IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) – flights conducted by reference to the aircraft instruments when
visibility is reduced

>IMC – Instrument Meteorological Condition ( less than 8kms)

Fuel Requirements

Day VFR flights must carry enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended

landing, and to fly after that for an additional 30 minutes.

Airmen License

A. Student Pilot License requirements

1.Be at least 16 y.o.

2.Be a citizen of the Philippines or any foreign citizen granting similar rights with the coordination or
agreement to our government

3.Be able to speak, read, write and understand the English language

4.3rd class medical certificate

Physical-Visual-Color Perception- Hearing-Neuro

*medical license of SPL is valid until 24 months if below 40 y.o.

*12 months valid if 40 y.o. above

5.Pass the pre-solo written exam (after first 8 hours of dual instruction time)
 B.Private Pilot License requirements

1.Be at least 17 y.o.

2.# 2 and 3 applies

3.2nd class medical certificate (except Neuro)

4.Completed PPL ground school course

5.Completed at least 40 hrs of flight time

6.Pass the written exams from the CAAP

7.Pass the oral/practical exam (CAAP Checkride)

*Privileges of a PPL

-Carry passengers but not for hire (no remuneration)

-Donate flight services to charity

-Share flight cost up to ½ of the total cost

C.COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE

1. Age shall be not less than 18 years of age.

2. receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor

3. The applicant for a CPL(A) shall have completed not less than 200 hours of flight time, or 150 hours if
completed during an Authority-approved training course provided for in an Approved Training
Organization under Part 3, as a pilot of airplanes, of which 10 hours may have been completed in a flight
simulator or flight procedures trainer.

4. Medical fitness. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall hold a current Class 1 Medical Certificate.

5. Pass the written exams from the CAAP

6. Pass the oral/practical exam (CAAP Checkride)

Pilot Documents
During all flights, you must have the following documents on your person.

1.Current Pilot license

2.Current Medical Certificate

3.Radio License

4.Pilot Logbook
Documents on board the aircraft
A-Airworthiness Certificate

R-Registration Certificate

R-Radio Certificate

O-Operating Handbook (POH)

W-Weight and Balance

 *Aircraft documents maintained and updated

1.Aircraft Logbook

2.Engine Logbook

Special Flight Operations

1.Acrobatic Flight

-above 3,000ft

-no passengers

-weather must be VMC (Visual Meteorological Condition)

2.Dropping

3.Towing glider/banners/advertisement

4.Transport of cadavers

5.Transport of ammo/explosives

6.Transport of endangered animals/plants

7.Medical airlift

8.Int’l. aircraft ferry

9.Aerial photography

Right of Way

1.An aircraft in distress has the right of way over all other aircraft

2.The least maneuverable aircraft has the right of way

3.If two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for landing, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the
right of way
4.When two aircraft are approaching head on or in danger of collision, each aircraft shall alter its
heading to the right.

5.Converging same altitude, aircraft on the right has the right of way

6.Aircraft being overtaken has the right of way

VFR Cloud Clearance

Obstacle Clearance
Flight Plan

Information relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight

Flight plan should be submitted 1 hr before ETD

Flight plan should be kept for 6mos. from the date of use

A report of arrival shall be made in person, by radio, or telephone immediately after landing, to the
appropriate ATS unit at the aerodrome of arrival

Contents of a Flight Plan

1.Aircraft Identification – aircraft call sign ( ex. RP-C1698 )

2.Flight Rules – V –Visual Flight Rules

I – Instrument Flight Rules

Y – if IFR first

Z – if VFR first

3.Type of flight - S – scheduled air transport

N – non-scheduled air transport

G – general aviation

M – military

X – other than any of the specified categories

4.Type of aircraft – specific type of aircraft being flown

5.Wake Turbulence Category –

H – take-off mass of more than 136,000 kg

M – take-off mass of less than 136,000 kg but more than 7,000 kg

L – take-off mass of less than 7,000 kg

6.Equipment – Navigational and surveillance equipment

S – Standard two way radio

O – VOR ( Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range )

F – ADF ( Automatic Direction Finder )

C – Transponder Mode C ( position & altitude )

7.Departure Aerodrome – departure airport ( 4 letter airport code )

8.Time – estimate time of departure based on UTC ( Universal Coordinated Time )

10.Level – cruising altitude ( ex. A025 = 2,500 ft )

11.Route – flight route ( 4 letter airport code )

12.Destination Aerodrome – desired airport to fly to

13.Total EET – estimate en-route time ( est. flight time from point of departure to point of destination )

14.Alternate Aerodrome – alternate airport in case the flight to the destination cannot be continued

15. Other Information

16.Endurance – aircraft’s fuel time for flight

17.P.O.B. – people on board ( 3 digits ) ( 002 for 2 people )

18. Emergency Radio – 121.5 mhz

19. Survival Equipment on board

M – medical L/V – life vest FAK – first aid kit

20.Supplemenary Information

Light Gun Signals