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    GR 7 History Term 1

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    Leonie
    - Trans-Saharan trade routes developed between the 8th-16th centuries CE using dromedary camels to transport goods across the Sahara Desert. Camels were well-suited to the harsh desert environment with traits like thick coats, long legs, and the ability to store water in humps. - Two main trade routes developed - from Morocco to West Africa, and from Mali to Tunisia and Egypt. Goods traded included salt, gold, ivory, spices, textiles, and eventually slaves. The gold-salt trade declined after Europeans started the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

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    GR 7 History Term 1

    Uploaded by

    Leonie
    14 views3 pages
    - Trans-Saharan trade routes developed between the 8th-16th centuries CE using dromedary camels to transport goods across the Sahara Desert. Camels were well-suited to the harsh desert environment with traits like thick coats, long legs, and the ability to store water in humps. - Two main trade routes developed - from Morocco to West Africa, and from Mali to Tunisia and Egypt. Goods traded included salt, gold, ivory, spices, textiles, and eventually slaves. The gold-salt trade declined after Europeans started the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

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    gr 7 History Term 1

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    - Trans-Saharan trade routes developed between the 8th-16th centuries CE using dromedary camels to transport goods across the Sahara Desert. Camels were well-suited to the harsh desert environment with traits like thick coats, long legs, and the ability to store water in humps. - Two main trade routes developed - from Morocco to West Africa, and from Mali to Tunisia and Egypt. Goods traded included salt, gold, ivory, spices, textiles, and eventually slaves. The gold-salt trade declined after Europeans started the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views3 pages

    GR 7 History Term 1

    Uploaded by

    Leonie
    - Trans-Saharan trade routes developed between the 8th-16th centuries CE using dromedary camels to transport goods across the Sahara Desert. Camels were well-suited to the harsh desert environment with traits like thick coats, long legs, and the ability to store water in humps. - Two main trade routes developed - from Morocco to West Africa, and from Mali to Tunisia and Egypt. Goods traded included salt, gold, ivory, spices, textiles, and eventually slaves. The gold-salt trade declined after Europeans started the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    History Term 1

    Unit 1: Trade across the Sahara Desert


    Key words
    oases – places in the desert where there is water
    Berbers – a tribe living in North Africa
    commodity – good or products bought and sold in trade
    minting – making coins to be used as money out of a metal, like gold
    CE – stands for Common Era and replaces the initials AD to mark the years
    since the birth of Christ
    major – important; main
    concubine – a woman living with a man but has lower status than his wife or
    wives
    gateway – a place that allows other places to be reached
    dynasty – a line of hereditary rulers of a country (people from the same family)
    dominance – power and influence over others
    missionaries – people sent to foreign countries to promote the religion of their
    home country
    flourishing – developing quickly and successfully
    literate – able to read and write
    1. What were the means of transport when trade started in North and
    West Africa between the 8th and 16th centurury? Because much of North
    and West Africa is in the Sahara Desert, Dromedary camels were used.
    2. Why were camels chosen as a means of transport? Because their
    bodies have adapted to the hot, dry and sandy conditions found in
    deserts
    3. Dromedary camels were suitable for desert transport because they?
    - a double row of eyelashes and can close their nostrils, helps to stop
    sand from getting into their eyes and noses in sandstorms
    - conserve water by changing their body temperature during the
    day,helps them to stay cool and save water by not sweating
    - drink big amounts of water quickly (100liter in 10min)
    - humps that store fat, which they change into water and energy when
    food and water are not available
    - thick coats protecting them from the heat radiated from desert sand
    - long legs that keep their bodies away from hot desert sand
    - pads under their feet that widen when they step on the ground,
    prevents them from sinking into the sand
    - thick lips that help them to eat coarse and thorny desert plants
    4. How did people use camels for trading transport? Camels were
    fattened for months before they were assembled into caravans. This
    made them suitable for travelling long distances because they could live
    off the fat they had stored in their bodies. Berbers knew the desert, they
    guided the caravans, they hired runners who searched for oases where
    they could get water for the camels.
    5. Before trade started in the Sahara Desert, the Tuareg who lived there
    were mainly pastoralists. Trade started between the Tuareg and the
    Berbers. The main commodity of this trade was salt, it was in great
    demand. When camels became more available, the Berbers began
    crossing the Sahara Desert. This was the beginning of trans-Saharan
    trade routes.
    6. Name the two main trade routes?
    - The Morocco-West African trade route
    - The Mali-Tunisia-Egypt trade route
    7. Explain goods traded in the trans-Saharan trade?
    - using large camel caravans, they brought in luxury goods like textiles,
    silks, beads, ceramics, utensils and ornamental weapons
    - these were traded for gold, ivory, ostrich feathers, woods (ebony)
    and agricultural products (kola nuts)
    - they also brought their religion, Islam, which spread along the trade
    routes
    - nomads living in the Sahara traded salt, meat and their knowledge as
    guides for cloth, gold cereal and slaves
    - the courts of Arab and Berber princes wanted slaves to be used as
    servants, concubines, soldiers and agricultural labourers
    - African ivory was also popular because it was softer than ivory from
    Indian elephants therefor easier to carve
    8. What was the reason for the decline of the gold-salt trade? After the
    discovery of the Americas, Europeans settled on both continents. Their
    plantation farms (for sugar and tobacco) needed cheap and reliable
    labour. This was the start of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, with slaves
    form West Africa becoming the main commodity instead of gold.

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