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    Of DSP 5

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    Ali Mohsin
    The document describes a lab experiment on discrete time signals and systems in the frequency domain. The lab program evaluates the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) of different signals and systems. It plots the real and imaginary parts, magnitude, and phase spectra. The DTFT is found to be periodic with a period of 2π. Time shifting and frequency shifting properties of the DTFT are also investigated by plotting the spectra of original and transformed sequences. Convolution properties are demonstrated by convolving two sequences and comparing the spectra. Varying sequence lengths affects the spacing and smoothness of peaks in the magnitude and phase spectra.

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    Of DSP 5

    Uploaded by

    Ali Mohsin
    29 views7 pages
    The document describes a lab experiment on discrete time signals and systems in the frequency domain. The lab program evaluates the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) of different signals and systems. It plots the real and imaginary parts, magnitude, and phase spectra. The DTFT is found to be periodic with a period of 2π. Time shifting and frequency shifting properties of the DTFT are also investigated by plotting the spectra of original and transformed sequences. Convolution properties are demonstrated by convolving two sequences and comparing the spectra. Varying sequence lengths affects the spacing and smoothness of peaks in the magnitude and phase spectra.

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    of dsp 5

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    The document describes a lab experiment on discrete time signals and systems in the frequency domain. The lab program evaluates the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) of different signals and systems. It plots the real and imaginary parts, magnitude, and phase spectra. The DTFT is found to be periodic with a period of 2π. Time shifting and frequency shifting properties of the DTFT are also investigated by plotting the spectra of original and transformed sequences. Convolution properties are demonstrated by convolving two sequences and comparing the spectra. Varying sequence lengths affects the spacing and smoothness of peaks in the magnitude and phase spectra.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views7 pages

    Of DSP 5

    Uploaded by

    Ali Mohsin
    The document describes a lab experiment on discrete time signals and systems in the frequency domain. The lab program evaluates the discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) of different signals and systems. It plots the real and imaginary parts, magnitude, and phase spectra. The DTFT is found to be periodic with a period of 2π. Time shifting and frequency shifting properties of the DTFT are also investigated by plotting the spectra of original and transformed sequences. Convolution properties are demonstrated by convolving two sequences and comparing the spectra. Varying sequence lengths affects the spacing and smoothness of peaks in the magnitude and phase spectra.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    LAB # 5

    Title:
    Discrete Time Signals and Systems in Frequency Domain.
    In the previous two labs we dealt with the time-domain representation of discrete-time signals and
    systems, and investigated their properties. Further insight into the properties of such signals and systems
    is obtained by their representation in the frequency-domain.

    Code of task 1:
    % Program P4_1
    % Evaluation of the DTFT
    clf;
    % Compute the frequency samples of the DTFT
    w = -6*pi:8*pi/511:6*pi;
    num = [2 1];den = [1 -0.6];
    h = freqz(num, den, w);
    % Plot the DTFT
    subplot(2,1,1)
    plot(w/pi,real(h))
    ;grid
    title('Real part of H(e^{j\omega})')
    xlabel('\omega /\pi'); ylabel('Amplitude');
    subplot(2,1,2)
    plot(w/pi,imag(h));
    grid
    title('Imaginary part of H(e^{j\omega})')
    xlabel('\omega /\pi'); ylabel('Amplitude');
    pause
    subplot(2,1,1)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum |H(e^{j\omega})|')
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude'); subplot(2,1,2)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum arg[H(e^{j\omega})]')
    xlabel('\omega /\pi'); ylabel('Phase in radians');

    Result:
    Q 4.1 What is the expression of the DTFT being evaluated in Program P4_1?
    ANS:IN THIS PART dtft being evaluated by taking its value
    w = -6*pi:8*pi/511:6*pi;
    num = [2 1];den = [1 -0.6];
    h = freqz(num, den, w);

    Q 4.2 What is the function of the MATLAB command pause?


    ANS: the ‘pause’ command in matlab is used to temporarily pause the excuation of aprogramme or a
    script for a specified amount of time during the pause programe does not excute any further command
    until the specified time has elapased or user manualy resume execution.
    Q 4.3 Run Program P4_1 and plot the real and imaginary parts of the DTFT, and the magnitude and phase
    spectra. Is the DTFT a periodic function of ω? If it is, what is the period?
    ANS: the real and imaginary parts are given in figure above.
    The dtft is not always a peridioc function of w but it can be peripodic under certain conditions. Its period
    is
    2pi.
    Q 4.4 Modify Program P4_1 to evaluate in the range 0 ≤ ω ≤ π the following DTFT:

    and repeat Question Q4.3. Comment on your results. Can you explain the jump in the phase spectrum?
    The jump can be removed using the MATLAB command unwrap. Evaluate the phase spectrum with the
    jump removed.

    Task 2 CODE:
    % Program P4_2
    % Time-Shifting Properties of DTFT clf;
    w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; % frequency vector for evaluating DTFT
    D = 10; % Amount of time shift in samples
    num = [1 2 3 6 5 6 7 8 9];
    % h1 is the DTFT of original sequence
    % h2 is the DTFT of the time shifted sequence
    h1 = freqz(num, 1, w);
    h2 = freqz([zeros(1,D) num], 1, w); subplot(2,2,1)
    % plot the DTFT magnitude of the original sequence
    plot(w/pi,abs(h1));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Original Sequence','FontSize',8)

    xlabel('\omega /\pi'); ylabel('Amplitude');


    % plot the DTFT magnitude of the shifted sequence
    subplot(2,2,2)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h2));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Time-Shifted Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the DTFT phase of the original sequence
    subplot(2,2,3)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h1));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');
    % plot the DTFT phase of the shifted sequence
    subplot(2,2,4)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h2));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum of Time-Shifted Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');

    Result:

    Q. 4.4 Run the program P4_2 and comment on your results.


    the DTFT magnitude and phase spectra of an original sequence and a time-shifted sequence. The original
    sequence is [1 2 3 6 5 6 7 8 9], and the amount of time shift is set to D = 10 samples. The resulting plots
    show that the magnitude spectra of the original and time-shifted sequences are identical, but the phase
    spectra are different. The phase of the time-shifted sequence is shifted by a linear phase factor e^(-jwD),
    which is evident from the linear change in phase with frequency
    Q. 4.5 Repeat Question Q4.4 for a different value of the time-shift.
    repeat the same experiment with a different value of time-shift (e.g., D = 20), the resulting magnitude
    spectra of the original and time-shifted sequences will still be identical, but the phase spectra will differ
    by a larger linear phase factor e^(-jwD). Specifically, the phase of the time-shifted sequence will have a
    larger slope with frequency than the original sequence.
    task 3 code:

    % Frequency-Shifting Properties of DTFT


    clf;
    w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; % freqency vector for evaluating DTFT
    wo = 0.6*pi; % Amount of frequency shift in radians
    % h1 is the DTFT of the original sequence
    % h2 is the DTFT of the frequency shifted sequence
    num1 = [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17];
    L = length(num1);
    h1 = freqz(num1, 1, w); n = 0:L-1;
    num2 = exp(wo*i*n).*num1; h2 = freqz(num2, 1, w);
    % plot the DTFT magnitude of the original sequence
    subplot(2,2,1)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h1));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Original Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the DTFT magnitude of the freq shifted sequence
    subplot(2,2,2)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h2));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Frequency-Shifted Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the DTFT phase of the original sequence
    subplot(2,2,3)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h1));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');
    % plot the DTFT phase of the shifted sequence
    subplot(2,2,4)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h2));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum of Frequency-Shifted Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');

    Result:
    Q 4.6 Run the program P4_3 and comment on your results.
    The program P4_3 generates four plots of the magnitude and phase spectra of the original and frequency-shifted
    sequences. The magnitude spectrum of the original sequence has a peak at the frequency corresponding to the center
    of the sequence. The magnitude spectrum of the shifted sequence shows the same peak, but shifted in frequency by
    the amount specified in the program. The phase spectra show a linear trend for the original sequence, and a linear
    shift for the shifted sequence

    Q 4.7 Which parameter controls the amount of frequency-shift?


    The parameter that controls the amount of frequency-shift is wo, which is specified in radians.
    Q 4.8 Repeat Question Q4.8 for a different value of the frequency-shift.
    To repeat for a different frequency-shift, a new value should be assigned to wo in the program, and the program
    should be run again. For example, setting wo = 0.8*pi would shift the spectrum by a different amount.
    Q 4.9 Modify P4_3 to run for length of 4 & 14 i.e.
    num=[1:2:7] (Length=4)
    num=[1:2:31] (Length=16)
    Comment on effect of varying length on Magnitude Spectrum & Phase spectrum.
    Varying the length of the sequence affects the spacing of the peaks in the magnitude spectrum, with shorter
    sequences having wider spacing and longer sequences having narrower spacing. The phase spectra also show more
    fluctuations for shorter sequences due to aliasing effects, while longer sequences show more smooth and continuous
    phase changes.
    Task4 code:
    % Program P4_4
    clf;
    w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; % freqency vector for evaluating DTFT
    x1 = [1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17]; % first sequence
    x2 = [1 -2 3 -2 1]; % second sequence
    y = conv(x1,x2); % time domain convolution of x1 and x2
    h1 = freqz(x1, 1, w); % DTFT of sequence x1
    h2 = freqz(x2, 1, w); % DTFT of sequence x2
    % hp is the pointwise product of the two DTFT's
    hp = h1.*h2;
    % h3 is the DTFT of the time domain convolution;
    % it should be the same as hp
    h3 = freqz(y,1,w);
    % plot the magnitude of the product of the two original spectra
    subplot(2,2,1)
    plot(w/pi,abs(hp));grid
    title('Product of Magnitude Spectra','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the magnitude spectrum of the time domain convolution
    subplot(2,2,2)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h3));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Convolved Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the phase of the product of the two original spectra
    subplot(2,2,3)
    plot(w/pi,angle(hp));grid
    title('Sum of Phase Spectra','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');
    % plot the phase spectrum of the time domain convolution
    subplot(2,2,4)plot(w/pi,angle(h3));gridtitle
    ('Phase Spectrum of Convolved Sequence','FontSize',8)xlabe
    l('\omega /\pi');ylabel('Phase in radians');
    Result:

    Q 4.10 Run the program P4_4 and comment on your results


    ANS: this programme demonstrates the convolution property of the DTFT (Discrete Time Fourier
    Transform). The program convolves two discrete-time sequences, x1 and x2, computes their DTFTs, and
    then compares the pointwise product of the DTFTs with the DTFT of the convolved sequence. The
    program plots the magnitude and phase spectra of both the pointwise product and the convolution result.

    The results show that the magnitude spectrum of the pointwise product of the DTFTs is identical to the
    magnitude spectrum of the DTFT of the convolved sequence. The phase spectra of the pointwise product
    and the convolved sequence are also identical. These results confirm the convolution property of the
    DTFT, which states that the DTFT of the convolution of two sequences is equal to the pointwise product
    of their DTFTs.

    Task 5 Code:
    clf;
    w = -pi:2*pi/255:pi; % frequency vector for evaluating DTFT
    % original ramp sequence
    % note: num is nonzero for 0 <= n <= 3.
    num = [1 2 3 4];
    L = length(num)-1;
    h1 = freqz(num, 1, w)
    % Program P4_5 1, w); % DTFT of original ramp sequence
    h2 = freqz(fliplr(num), 1, w);

    h3 = exp(w*L*i).*h2;
    % plot the magnitude spectrum of the original ramp sequence
    subplot(2,2,1)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h1));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Original Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the magnitude spectrum of the time reversed ramp sequence
    subplot(2,2,2)
    plot(w/pi,abs(h3));grid
    title('Magnitude Spectrum of Time-Reversed Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    % plot the phase spectrum of the original ramp sequence
    subplot(2,2,3)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h1));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum of Original Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');
    % plot the phase spectrum of the time reversed ramp sequence
    subplot(2,2,4)
    plot(w/pi,angle(h3));grid
    title('Phase Spectrum of Time-Reversed Sequence','FontSize',8)
    xlabel('\omega /\pi');
    ylabel('Phase in radians');

    RESULT:

    Q 4.11 Run the program P4_5 and comment on your results


    The program P4_5 verifies the time reversal property of the DTFT by generating the DTFT of a
    ramp sequence and its time-reversed version using the freqz function, and then plotting the
    magnitude and phase spectra of both sequences. The magnitude spectrum of the time-reversed
    sequence is found to be identical to that of the original sequence, while the phase spectrum of the
    time-reversed sequence is the negation of that of the original sequence, as expected from the time
    reversal property of the DTFT.

    Q 4.12 Explain how the program implements the time-reversal operation.

    The program implements the time-reversal operation by using the flipl r function to reverse the order of
    the original sequence, and then multiplying the resulting frequency response by the complex exponential
    exp(wLi), where L is the length of the original sequence minus one, and w is the frequency vector used to
    evaluate the DTFT. This multiplication by exp(wLi) introduces a phase shift that corresponds to a time
    reversal operation in the time domain

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