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    SHANMUKH SRINIVAS
    The Harappan or Indus Valley civilization emerged around 3000 BCE along the Indus River valley, demonstrating sophisticated urban planning in cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeologists have uncovered impressive architectural structures as well as artistic sculptures, seals and pottery reflecting the culture's vivid imagination. The planned cities featured organized road networks, houses, granaries and drainage systems. Important archaeological sites across Pakistan, Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan have yielded artifacts providing insights into Harappan civilization's trade, religious practices, and engineering abilities.

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    The Harappan or Indus Valley civilization emerged around 3000 BCE along the Indus River valley, demonstrating sophisticated urban planning in cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeologists have uncovered impressive architectural structures as well as artistic sculptures, seals and pottery reflecting the culture's vivid imagination. The planned cities featured organized road networks, houses, granaries and drainage systems. Important archaeological sites across Pakistan, Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan have yielded artifacts providing insights into Harappan civilization's trade, religious practices, and engineering abilities.

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    The Harappan or Indus Valley civilization emerged around 3000 BCE along the Indus River valley, demonstrating sophisticated urban planning in cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeologists have uncovered impressive architectural structures as well as artistic sculptures, seals and pottery reflecting the culture's vivid imagination. The planned cities featured organized road networks, houses, granaries and drainage systems. Important archaeological sites across Pakistan, Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan have yielded artifacts providing insights into Harappan civilization's trade, religious practices, and engineering abilities.

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    20 views2 pages

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    Uploaded by

    SHANMUKH SRINIVAS
    The Harappan or Indus Valley civilization emerged around 3000 BCE along the Indus River valley, demonstrating sophisticated urban planning in cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Archaeologists have uncovered impressive architectural structures as well as artistic sculptures, seals and pottery reflecting the culture's vivid imagination. The planned cities featured organized road networks, houses, granaries and drainage systems. Important archaeological sites across Pakistan, Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan have yielded artifacts providing insights into Harappan civilization's trade, religious practices, and engineering abilities.

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    of 2

    The story of Indian art and architecture is a story of evolution.

    From
    the ancient Harappa valley civilisation to the British rule, the
    buildings and sculptures have a narrative of their own. The
    emergence and decay of great empires, the invasion of foreign rulers
    who gradually became indigenous, the confluence of different
    cultures and styles, etc. are all reflected in the evolution of Indian
    architecture and sculpture.
    Classification of Indian Architecture
    Harappan Art and Architecture
    A flourishing civilisation emerged on the banks of the river Indus in
    the second half of the third millennium BCE and spread across large
    parts of North-western and Western India. This is what we know as
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    Harappan civilisation or Indus Valley civilisation. A marked feature
    of this ancient civilisation was the vivid imagination and artistic
    sensibilities exuded by the numerous sculptures, seals, potteries,
    jewelleries found at the excavation sites. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
    – the two major sites of this civilisation – are among the earliest and
    finest examples of urban civic planning. The planned network of
    roads, houses and drainage systems indicate the planning and
    engineering skills that developed during those times.
    Some of the important sites of the Indus Valley civilisation and
    their archaeological findings are:
    Harappa in present Pakistan on the bank of River Ravi – 2 row
    of six granaries with big platform, stone symbol of lingam and
    yoni, mother goddess figure, wheat and barley in wooden mortar,
    dice, copper scale and mirror. Moreover, sculpture of dog chasing
    a deer in bronze metal, and a red sand stone male torso have been
    excavated.
    Mohenjo-daro in present Pakistan on the River Indus – the
    citadel, the great bath, the great granary, post cremation burial,
    sculpture of bearded priest, the famous bronze statue of the
    Dancing Girl and Pashupati seal.
    Dholavira in Gujarat – giant water reservoir, unique water
    harnessing system, stadium, dams and embankments, inscription
    comprising 10 large sized signs like an advertisement board.
    Lothal (Manchester of Indus Valley civilisation) in Gujarat –
    important site for naval trade, had a Dockyard, practice of burial
    of cremated remains, rice husk, fire altars, painted jar, modern
    day chess, terracotta figure of horse and ship, instruments for
    measuring 45, 90 and 180 degree angles, practice of burial of
    cremated remains.
    Rakhigarhi in Haryana is considered to be the largest site of
    Indus Valley civilization. Granary, cemetery, drains, terracotta
    bricks have been found.
    Ropar is located on the banks of Sutlej in Punjab, India – Dog
    buried with human oval pit burials, copper axe.
    Balathal and Kalibangan in Rajasthan – bangle factory, toy
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    carts, bones of camel, decorated bricks, citadel and lower town,
    Fire altar.

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