Explain the role of

hormones involved in
the female and male
reproductive systems
(S10LT-IIIb-34)
Prepared by: Ma’am Yam

Describe the parts of the male and

female reproductive systems, along
with their functions;
Determine the role of hormones in
male and female reproductive
systems; and
Recognize the importance of
hormones in the male and female
reproductive systems.
Major Function:
To ensure survival of the
species.
Other functions:
 To produce egg and sperm
cells
 To transport and sustain these
cells
 To nurture the developing
offspring
 To produce hormones
Primary Reproductive Secondary/Accessory
Organs Reproductive Organs

Other reproductive
The Gonads
organs, ducts, and
(Testes and Ovaries)
glands
are responsible for producing
transport and sustain the
the egg and sperm cells
gametes and nurture the
(gametes), and hormones
developing offspring
The male genitals include:

 the testicles
 the duct system, which is
made up of the epididymis
and the vas deferens
 the accessory glands, which
include the seminal vesicles
and prostate gland
 the penis
 are two oval-shaped organs in the
male reproductive system.
 Structures within the testes are
important for the production and
storage of sperm until they’re mature
enough for ejaculation.
 The two testicles (or testes) produce
sperm and the male sex hormone
testosterone.
Spermatogenesis is the process of
creating sperm.
Sperm production begins at puberty and
continues throughout the life of a male.
 also called the scrotal sac
 hangs under the penis and contains
the testicles and epididymis.
 This bag of skin helps to regulate the
temperature of testicles, which need
to be kept cooler than body
temperature to produce sperm.
 The scrotum changes size to
maintain the right temperature.
 is a long (about 6 meters) tube that is
tightly coiled to form a comma-
shaped organ located along the
superior and posterior margins of the
testes.
 Sperm complete their maturation
process and become fertile as they
move through the epididymis.
 Mature sperm are stored in the lower
portion, or tail, of the epididymis.
 Also called ductus deferens
 is a fibromuscular tube that is
continuous with the epididymis. It
begins at the bottom (tail) of the
epididymis then turns sharply upward
along the posterior margin of the
testes.
 transports the sperm from the
epididymis to the urethra.
 Each ductus deferens joins
the duct from the adjacent
seminal vesicle to form a short
ejaculatory duct.
 Each ejaculatory duct passes through
the prostate gland and empties into
the urethra.
 The urethra extends from the urinary
bladder to the tip of the penis.
 It is a passageway for sperm and
fluids and urine.
 While reproductive fluids are passing
through the urethra, sphincters
contract tightly to keep urine from
entering the urethra.
 The paired seminal vesicles are
saccular glands posterior to
the urinary bladder.
 The fluid from the seminal vesicles
is viscous and contains fructose,
which provides an energy source
for the sperm; prostaglandins,
which contribute to the mobility
and viability of the sperm; and
proteins that cause slight
coagulation reactions in
the semen after ejaculation.
 is a firm, dense structure that is
located just inferior to the urinary
bladder. It is about the size of a
walnut and encircles the urethra
as it leaves the urinary bladder.
 The secretions of the prostate are
thin, milky colored, and alkaline.
They function to enhance
the motility of the sperm.
 The paired bulbourethral (Cowper's)
glands are small, about the size of a pea,
and located near the base of the penis.
 In response to sexual stimulation, the
bulbourethral glands secrete an
alkaline mucus-like fluid. This fluid
neutralizes the acidity of the urine residue
in the urethra, helps to neutralize the
acidity of the vagina, and provides some
lubrication for the tip of the penis during
intercourse.
 the male copulatory organ, is a cylindrical
pendant organ
 functions to transfer sperm to the vagina.
 consists of three columns of
erectile tissue that are wrapped
in connective tissue and covered with skin.
 It has a root, body (shaft), and glans
penis. The root of the penis attaches it to
the pubic arch, and the body is the visible,
pendant portion. A loose fold of skin,
called the prepuce, or foreskin, covers the
glans penis.
When the blood vessels of the corpora
cavernosa relax and open up, blood rushes
in through the cavernosus arteries to fill
them. The blood then gets trapped under
high pressure, creating an erection.

Sexual stimulation and friction provide

the impulses that are delivered to the
spinal cord and into the brain.
Ejaculation is a reflex action controlled
by the Central Nervous System. It is
triggered when the sexual act reaches
a critical level of excitement. I
The female genitals include:

 Ovaries
 Fallopian tubes
 uterus
 vagina
 accessory glands;
 and external genital
organs.
The external part
Located between the legs, the
vulva covers the opening to the
vagina and other reproductive
organs inside the body.
 the fleshy area located just
above the top of the vaginal
opening is called the mons pubis.
 Two pairs of skin flaps called
the labia (which means lips)
surround the vaginal opening.
 The clitoris, a small sensory organ,
is located toward the front of the
vulva where the folds of the labia
join. Between the labia are
openings to the urethra and
vagina.
 the lower part of the uterus that
opens into the vagina.
has strong, thick walls. The
opening of the cervix is very
small (no wider than a straw).
During childbirth, the cervix
expands about 4 inches (10
centimeters) so the baby can
travel from the uterus through
the vagina and into the world.
The vagina serves three purposes:
1. It's where the penis is inserted
during sexual intercourse.
2. It's the pathway (the birth
canal) through which a baby
leaves a woman's body during
childbirth.
3. It's the route through which
menstrual blood leaves the
body during periods.
The vagina serves three purposes:
1. It's where the penis is inserted
during sexual intercourse.
2. It's the pathway (the birth
canal) through which a baby
leaves a woman's body during
childbirth.
3. It's the route through which
menstrual blood leaves the
body during periods.
a muscular organ that receives
the fertilized oocyte and provides
an appropriate environment for
the developing fetus.
Before the first pregnancy, the
uterus is about the size and shape
of a pear, with the narrow portion
directed inferiorly. After childbirth,
the uterus is usually larger, then
regresses after menopause.
 each attached to a side of the uterus.
Within each tube is a tiny passageway
no wider than a sewing needle.
 At the other end of each fallopian tube
is a fringed area that looks like a funnel.
This fringed area wraps around the ovary
but doesn't completely attach to it.
 When an egg pops out of an ovary, it
enters the fallopian tube. Once the egg
is in the fallopian tube, tiny hairs in the
tube's lining help push it down the
narrow passageway toward the uterus.
 Each ovary is a solid, ovoid structure
about the size and shape of an almond,
about 3.5 cm in length, 2 cm wide, and
1 cm thick.
 Ovaries make eggs and hormones like
estrogen and progesterone. These
hormones help girls develop, and make
it possible for a woman to have a baby.
 The ovaries release an egg as part of a
woman's cycle. When an egg is
released, it's called ovulation.
 hormone is a chemical
that is made by
Puberty is a period in which rapid specialist cells, usually
physical growth and within an endocrine
psychological changes occur until gland, and it is released
C
sexual maturity is reached. into the bloodstream to
On the onset of puberty, the send a message to
another part of the body.
human male and female It is often referred to as a
reproductive cycles are controlled ‘chemical messenger’
by the interaction of hormones
between the hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary with those
hormones from the reproductive
tissues and organs.
Androgen is any group of hormones that primarily
influence the growth and development of the male
reproductive system. The major and most active
androgen is testosterone that is produced by the male
testes. The other androgens serve as support to the
functions of testosterone that are produced mainly by
the adrenal cortex are only in relatively small quantities.

 Unlike the ovaries, the testes can retain the ability to

make hormones. If a man stays healthy, he may be
able to make sperm well until his 80s or beyond.