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    Cloud Security Lecture 4A

    Uploaded by

    Hossam Eissa
    The document discusses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes how AES was developed as a replacement for DES and adopted as a standard in 2001. It then provides details on AES key expansion, encryption, and advantages over DES such as stronger keys, faster performance, and greater efficiency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cloud Security Lecture 4A

    Uploaded by

    Hossam Eissa
    49 views53 pages
    The document discusses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes how AES was developed as a replacement for DES and adopted as a standard in 2001. It then provides details on AES key expansion, encryption, and advantages over DES such as stronger keys, faster performance, and greater efficiency.

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    Cloud_Security_lecture_4A

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    The document discusses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes how AES was developed as a replacement for DES and adopted as a standard in 2001. It then provides details on AES key expansion, encryption, and advantages over DES such as stronger keys, faster performance, and greater efficiency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views53 pages

    Cloud Security Lecture 4A

    Uploaded by

    Hossam Eissa
    The document discusses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It describes how AES was developed as a replacement for DES and adopted as a standard in 2001. It then provides details on AES key expansion, encryption, and advantages over DES such as stronger keys, faster performance, and greater efficiency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 53

    Some of lectures materials belongs to Dr.

    Mohamed Loey
    Advanced Encryption Standard

    AES Key Expansion

    AES Encryption

    AES Decryption

    DES vs AES

    Advantages of AES
    ❑ The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was published by the
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.

    ❑ AES is a symmetric block cipher that is intended to replace DES as


    the approved standard for a wide range of applications.

    ❑ Input(128 bit key and message)


    ❑ This was an international open competition. Overall, 15 proposals were
    made and evaluated, and 6 were finalists. Out of those, a proposal named
    Rijndael, by Daemen and Rijmen (two Belgians) was chosen in February
    2001.

    ❑ Resistance to all known attacks.

    ❑ Speed and code compactness.

    ❑ Simplicity.
    Advanced Encryption Standard

    AES Key Expansion

    AES Encryption

    AES Decryption

    DES vs AES

    Advantages of AES
    ❑ Key = Thats my Kung Fu (16 ASCII characters, 1byte each)

    ❑ Key in Hex(128bits):54 68 61 74 73 20 6D 79 20 4B 75 6E 67 20 46 75
    (32 Hex characters)
    ❑ w[0]= (54,68,61,74)

    ❑ w[1]= (73,20,6D,79)

    ❑ w[2]= (20,4B,75,6E)

    ❑ w[3]= (67,20,46,75)

    ❑ g(w[3])

    Key : 54 68 61 74 73 20 6D 79 20 4B 75 6E 67 20 46 75
    ❑ Function g
    ❑ w[3]= (67,20,46,75)

    ❑ g(w[3])

    1) Circular byte left shift of w[3]:(20,46,75,67)

    2) Byte Substitution (S-Box):(B7,5A,9D,85)

    3) Xor round constant (01,00,00,00)

    ✓ The round constant is a word in which the three rightmost bytes


    are always 01.B7=> 0000 0001 xor 1011 0111=> 1011 0110 =>B6

    • gives: g(w[3])= (B6,5A,9D,85)


    ❑ S-Box
    ❑ Round Constant RC[j]

    ❑ j= Round iteration
    ❑ w[0]= (54,68,61,74)

    ❑ g(w[3])= (B6,5A,9D,85)

    ❑ w[4]= w[0] ⊕ g(w[3]) = (E2,32,FC,F1)


    ❑ w[5]=w[4]⊕w[1]= (91,12,91,88)

    ❑ w[6]=w[5]⊕w[2]= (B1,59,E4,E6)

    ❑ w[7]=w[6]⊕w[3]= (D6,79,A2,93)

    ❑ First round key : E232FCF1 91129188 B159E4E6 D679A293


    ❑ Round0:5468617473206D79204B756E67204675
    ❑ Round1:E232FCF191129188B159E4E6D679A293
    ❑ Round2:56082007C71AB18F76435569A03AF7FA
    ❑ Round3:D2600DE7157ABC686339E901C3031EFB
    ❑ Round4:A11202C9B468BEA1D75157A01452495B
    ❑ Round5:B1293B3305418592D210D232C6429B69
    ❑ Round6:BD3DC2B7B87C47156A6C9527AC2E0E4E
    ❑ Round7:CC96ED1674EAAA031E863F24B2A8316A
    ❑ Round8:8E51EF21FABB4522E43D7A0656954B6C
    ❑ Round9:BFE2BF904559FAB2A16480B4F7F1CBD8
    ❑ Round10:28FDDEF86DA4244ACCC0A4FE3B316F26
    Advanced Encryption Standard

    AES Key Expansion

    AES Encryption

    AES Decryption

    DES vs AES

    Advantages of AES
    ❑ Plain text in English : Two One Nine Two ( 16 ASCII characters)

    ❑ Plain text in Hex (128bits) : 54 77 6F 20 4F 6E 65 20 4E 69 6E 65 20 54


    77 6F
    ❑ Add Round key, Round 0

    ❑ M = 54 77 6F 20 4F 6E 65 20 4E 69 6E 65 20 54 77 6F

    ❑ 𝑅0 = 54 68 61 74 73 20 6D 79 20 4B 75 6E 67 20 46 75

    ❑ XOR the corresponding entries, e.g., 69 ⊕ 4B = 22


    ⊕ =
    ❑ Round1:
    ❑ AES Encryption Round
    ❑ S-Box

    ❑ Byte 6E is
    substituted
    by entry of
    S-Box in row
    6 and
    column E
    ,i.e. by 9F
    ❑ Substitution transformation
    1) Round1,Substitution Bytes:
    ❑ Current State Matrix New State Matrix

    ❑ This non linear layer is for resistance to differential and linear


    cryptanalysis attacks
    ❑ AES Encryption Round
    ❑ Shift row transformation
    2) Round1,Shift Row:

    ❑ Current State Matrix New State Matrix

    ❑ This linear mixing step causes diffusion of the bits over multiple rounds
    ❑ AES Encryption Round
    ❑ Mix column transformation
    3) Round1, Mix Column

    ❑ Current State Matrix New State Matrix


    ❑ Round1, Mix Column

    ❑ Entry BA is result of (02• 63)⊕(03•2F)⊕(01•AF) ⊕(01•A2)


    ❑ 02•63=00000010•01100011=11000110 (shift left)
    ❑ 03•2F=(02•2F)⊕2F =
    ⊕
    (00000010•00101111)⊕00101111= 01110001
    ❑ 01•AF = AF =10101111
    ❑ 01•A2 = A2 =10100010
    ❑ Round1, Mix Column

    ❑ 02•63=00000010•01100011=11000110 (shift left)

    ❑ 02•F2 = 0000 0010•1111 0010 = 1110 0100 ⊕1B=

    1110 0100 ⊕ 0001 1011= 1111 1111

    ❑ 02 • 87 = 0000 0010•1000 1110 = 0001 1100 ⊕ 0001 1011 =

    0001 0111

    Solve : 02 • D4 , 03 • BF
    ❑ AES Encryption Round
    4) Round 1, Add Round key

    ❑ Round1:E2 32 FC F1 91 12 91 88 B1 59 E4 E6 D6 79 A2 93

    ❑ Current State Matrix Round1 New State Matrix

    ⊕ =
    ❑ Round 2
    ❑ Round 9
    ❑ Round 10

    ❑ ciphertext:29 C3 50 5F 57 14 20 F6 40 22 99 B3 1A 02 D7 3A
    Advanced Encryption Standard

    AES Key Expansion

    AES Encryption

    AES Decryption

    DES vs AES

    Advantages of AES
    Advanced Encryption Standard

    AES Key Expansion

    AES Encryption

    AES Decryption

    DES vs AES

    Advantages of AES
    DES AES
    Date 1977 2001
    Block Size 64 128
    Key Size 56 128, 192, 256
    Number of Rounds 16 10, 11, 13
    Design open Open
    Encryption primitives Substitution, Permutation Substitution, Shift, Mixing
    Cryptographic primitives Confusion, diffusion Confusion, diffusion
    Advanced Encryption Standard

    AES Key Expansion

    AES Encryption

    AES Decryption

    DES vs AES

    Advantages of AES
    ❑ The key is much stronger due to the key length

    ❑ AES runs faster than 3DES on comparable hardware

    ❑ AES is more efficient than DES and 3DES on comparable


    hardware

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