Cloud Security Lecture 3

Some of lectures materials belongs to Dr.
Mohamed Loey
Polyalphabetic Ciphers
Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Transposition Techniques
Rail Fence Cipher
Row Transposition Cipher
 A polyalphabetic cipher is any cipher based on substitution, using multiple substitution alphabets.
 polyalphabetic cipher techniques have the following features in common:
 A set of related monoalphabetic substitution rules is used.
 A key determines which particular rule is chosen for a given transformation.

 Assume
 Then We set these Rules:

 Key Rules as follow:
1) Shift the first letter three position to the right
2) Shift the second letter five position to the right
3) Shift the third letter seven position to the right
 Given Plaintext = security

 Given Plaintext = security
1) Divide Plaintext to three words
2) P= sec uri ty
3) C= VJJ XWP WD
 Then We set Key as Rules: (reverse)
1) Shift the first letter three position to the left
2) Shift the second letter five position to the left
3) Shift the third letter seven position to the left
 Given Ciphertext = VJJXWPWD

 Given C= VJJXWPWD
1) Divide Plaintext to three words as your rules number
2) C= VJJ XWP WD
3) C= SEC URI TY
Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher
The Vigenère cipher, was invented by a Frenchman, Blaise de Vigenère in the 16th
century.
Vigenère cipher is a simple polyalphabetic cipher

 𝐶𝑖 = 𝑃𝑖 + 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26
 𝑃𝑖 = 𝐶𝑖 − 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26
Repeating key
 𝐾=deceptive
 𝑃=we are discovered save yourself

 Result
The strength of Vigenère Cipher is that there are multiple ciphertext letters
for each plaintext letter
 decryption simply works in reverse
 𝑃𝑖 = 𝐶𝑖 − 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26
Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher
An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher which
incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key.
 𝑃 = {𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 , … , 𝑝𝑛 }
 𝐾 = {𝑘1 , 𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑝3 , … , 𝑝𝑛−1 }
 𝐶 = {𝑐1 , 𝑐2 , 𝑐3 , … , 𝑐𝑛 }
 𝐶𝑖 = 𝑃𝑖 + 𝐾𝑖 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26
 𝑃𝑖 = 𝐶𝑖 − 𝐾𝑖 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26
 𝑲=m
 𝑷=attack is today
Plaintext a t t a c k i s t o d a y
P Value 0 19 19 0 2 10 8 18 19 14 3 0 24
Key 12 0 19 19 0 2 10 8 18 19 14 3 0
C Value 12 19 12 19 2 12 18 0 11 7 17 3 24
Ciphertext m t m t c m s a l h r d y
 𝑲=m
 𝑪=mtmtcmsalhrdy
Ciphertext m t m t c m s a l h r d y
C Value 12 19 12 19 2 12 18 0 11 7 17 3 24
Key 12 0 19 19 0 2 10 8 18 19 14 3 0
P Value 0 19 19 0 2 10 8 18 19 14 3 0 24
Plaintext a t t a c k i s t o d a y
Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher
 Vernam Cipher was introduced by an AT&T engineer named Gilbert Vernam in 1918.
 The ultimate defense against such a cryptanalysis is to choose a keyword that is as long as the plaintext and
has no statistical relationship to it.
 Encryption
 𝐶 = 𝑃 𝑋𝑂𝑅 𝐾
 Decryption
 𝑃 = 𝐶 𝑋𝑂𝑅 𝐾
 P=11100011101010101101
 K=1001010101
 P=11100011101010101101
 K=10010101011001010101
 C=01110110110011111000
 C=01110110110011111000
 K=10010101011001010101
 P=11100011101010101101
Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher
1
FLANK EAST The clear text message would be
ATTACK AT DAWN
encoded using a key of 3.
Clear Text
2
F...K...T...T...A...W.
.L.N.E.S.A.T.A.K.T.A.N Use a rail fence cipher and a
..A...A...T...C...D... key of 3.
3 FKTTAW
LNESATAKTAN
The clear text message would
AATCD appear as follows.
Ciphered Text
Transposition Techniques performing some sort of permutation on the plaintext
letters (reorder the position of letters in plaintext).
 Types:
 Rail Fence Cipher
 Row Transposition Cipher

Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher
 P= meet me after the toga party
 K=2
𝑚 𝑒 𝑚𝑎 𝑡 𝑟 ℎ 𝑡 𝑔 𝑝 𝑟 𝑦
1) 𝑝 =
𝑒 𝑡 𝑒𝑓 𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 𝑜 𝑎 𝑎 𝑡
2) C=mematrhtgpryetefeteoaat
 C=mematrhtgpryetefeteoaat
 K=2
𝑚 𝑒 𝑚𝑎 𝑡 𝑟 ℎ 𝑡 𝑔 𝑝 𝑟 𝑦
1) 𝐶 =
𝑒 𝑡 𝑒𝑓 𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 𝑜 𝑎 𝑎 𝑡
2) P= meetmeafterthetogaparty
Vigenère Cipher
Autokey Cipher
Vernam Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher
 P= attack postponed until two am
 K= 4312567
4 3 1 2 5 6 7
𝑎 𝑡 𝑡 𝑎 𝑐 𝑘 𝑝
𝐶= 𝑜 𝑠 𝑡 𝑝 𝑜 𝑛 𝑒 = 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑡𝑠𝑢𝑜𝑎𝑜𝑑𝑤𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑥𝑘𝑛𝑙𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑥
𝑑 𝑢 𝑛 𝑡 𝑖 𝑙 𝑡
𝑤 𝑜 𝑎 𝑚 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
 C= 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑡𝑠𝑢𝑜𝑎𝑜𝑑𝑤𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑥𝑘𝑛𝑙𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑥 = Len(C)=28
 K= 4312567
 Each Column have 28/7= 4 letter
4 3 1 2 5 6 7
𝑎 𝑡 𝑡 𝑎 𝑐 𝑘 𝑝
𝑃= 𝑜 𝑠 𝑡 𝑝 𝑜 𝑛 𝑒 = 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑎𝑚𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑑 𝑢 𝑛 𝑡 𝑖 𝑙 𝑡
𝑤 𝑜 𝑎 𝑚 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

Cloud Security Lecture 3

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Some of lectures materials belongs to Dr.

 polyalphabetic cipher techniques have the following features in common:

 A set of related monoalphabetic substitution rules is used.

 A key determines which particular rule is chosen for a given transformation.

 Then We set these Rules:

1) Shift the first letter three position to the right

2) Shift the second letter five position to the right

3) Shift the third letter seven position to the right

 Given Plaintext = security

1) Divide Plaintext to three words

1) Shift the first letter three position to the left

2) Shift the second letter five position to the left

3) Shift the third letter seven position to the left

 Given Ciphertext = VJJXWPWD

Vigenère cipher is a simple polyalphabetic cipher

 𝑃=we are discovered save yourself

 Rail Fence Cipher

 Row Transposition Cipher

 Each Column have 28/7= 4 letter

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