1) About ________% of people working in the United 6) Which of the following is a false statement about

States belong to unions. union membership?

A) 5 A) Union members work in both blue-collar and white-
B) 12 collar industries.
C) 20 B) Insurance plan benefits are better for union workers
D) 45 than for nonunion workers.
E) 62 C) Union members have better long-term disability
Answer: B benefits than non-union workers do.
D) Union workers receive more holidays and unpaid
2) One of the earliest unions in the United States, the leave than nonunion workers do.
Knights of Labor, was formed by a group of ________. E) Employers prefer nonunion workers, so they pay
A) coal miners them higher wages than union members.
B) tailors Answer: E
C) carpenters
D) railroad workers 7) Which of the following was part of the New Deal and
E) printers made union organization easier?
Answer: B A) Fair Labor Standards Act
B) National Industrial Recovery Act
3) Who was responsible for forming the American C) National Labor Relations Act

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Federation of Labor in 1886? D) Occupational Safety and Health Act

er as
A) Samuel Gompers E) Labor Management Relations Act

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B) Benjamin Franklin Answer: B

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C) Frederick Taylor

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D) George Meany 8) Which of the following best describes the closed shop
E) Alexander Hamilton rs e form of union security?
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Answer: A A) A company can hire nonunion people if they agree to
join the union.
4) Which of the following was the primary goal of the B) Union members receive higher wages than nonunion
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American Federation of Labor? employees.

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A) achieving political reform C) Employees who do not belong to the union are
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B) gaining a higher social status required to pay dues.

C) addressing immigrant labor D) Union members receive preferential treatment in
D) improving work conditions hiring.
E) creating labor legislation E) A company can hire only union members.
ed d

Answer: D Answer: E
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5) Which of the following best explains why union 9) The ________ form of union security means that the
membership has fallen since the 1970s? company can hire only union members.
A) Legislation provides workers with protections that A) closed shop
is

were once exclusive to unions. B) union shop

B) Union members earn less on average compared to C) agency shop
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non-union members. D) preferential shop

C) Union membership is too expensive for most blue E) maintenance of membership
collar workers. Answer: A
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D) Foreign-owned manufacturers will not hire union

members.
E) Unions are considered largely ineffectual.
Answer: A

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 10) Which type of union security was outlawed in 1947? 15) With the maintenance of membership arrangement
A) agency shop of union security, how long must union members
B) closed shop employed by a firm maintain union membership?
C) union shop A) until the union disbands
D) preferential shop B) until negotiations are over
E) maintenance of membership C) until there is a wage increase
Answer: B D) for the contract period
E) for at least one year
11) Which type of union security accounts for almost Answer: D
three-fourths of union contracts?
A) maintenance of membership 16) The term ________ describes statutory or
B) preferential shop constitutional provisions banning the requirement of
C) closed shop union membership as a condition of employment.
D) union shop A) termination at will
E) agency shop B) right to work
Answer: D C) open shop
D) free labor
12) The ________ form of union security means that the E) yellow dog
company can hire nonunion people, but those people Answer: B

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must join the union within a prescribed period of time

er as
and pay dues. 17) Right to work laws inhibit union formation by

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A) closed shop ________.

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B) union shop A) outlawing unions in right to work states

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C) agency shop B) prohibiting any form of union security
D) open shop rs e C) making union membership a precondition for
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E) maintenance of agreement employment
Answer: B D) leaving the question of union affiliation up to each
company
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13) Which form of union security requires employees E) leaving the question of union security up to each
aC s

who do not belong to the union to pay union dues on company

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the assumption that the union's efforts benefit all Answer: B

workers?
A) closed shop 18) In which human resource activity does a typical
B) union shop labor agreement NOT give the union a role?
ed d

C) agency shop A) recruitment

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D) open shop B) selection

E) maintenance of agreement C) compensation
Answer: C D) dismissal
E) appraisals
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14) Which of the following best defines the preferential Answer: E

shop form of union security?
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A) A company can hire nonunion people, but they must

then join the union.
B) A company can hire only current union members.
sh

C) Employees who do not belong to the union must still

pay dues.
D) A company gives hiring advantages to union
members.
E) Union members must maintain membership for the
contract period.
Answer: D

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 19) Which of the following best describes the AFL-CIO? 23) Which of the following bans certain unfair labor
A) voluntary federation of national and international practices and provides for majority rule and secret
labor unions ballot elections?
B) local union for automobile workers in Detroit, A) Landrum-Griffin Act
Michigan B) Norris-LaGuardia Act
C) political lobbying group for public school teachers C) Taft-Hartley Act
D) federation of firms that fight unionization in their D) Davis-Bacon Act
plants E) Wagner Act
E) regional branch of the National Labor Relations Board Answer: E
Answer: A
24) Which of the following was established by the
20) Which of the following best describes a "yellow dog" Wagner Act?
contract? A) National Labor Relations Committee
A) As a condition of employment, an employee agrees B) Labor Management Relations Board
not to picket. C) National Labor Relations Board
B) Union members agree to the agency shop form of D) Knights of Labor
union security. E) AFL-CIO
C) Employers agree to give union members preference Answer: C
in hiring.

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D) As a condition of employment, an employee agrees 25) Which of the following was passed in 1935 to

er as
to not join a union. amend the Norris -LaGuardia Act?

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E) Employers agree to abide by the guidelines of the A) Taft-Hartley Act

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local labor unions. B) New Deal Act

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Answer: D C) Wagner Act
rs e D) Landrum-Griffin Act
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21) Prior to 1930, employers attempted to limit the E) Equal Pay Act
influence of unions using all of the following methods Answer: C
EXCEPT ________.
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A) spies 26) Which of the following best describes the purpose

aC s

B) collective bargaining of the Wagner Act?

vi y re

C) firing union agitators A) guaranteeing each employee the right to bargain

D) blacklisting union members collectively free from interference and coercion
E) requiring yellow dog contracts B) banning unions from preventing employees from
Answer: B exercising their guaranteed bargaining rights
ed d

C) allowing secret-ballot elections for determining

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22) Which of the following guaranteed each employee whether a firm's employees would unionize
the right to bargain collectively without interference, D) making it illegal for a union to refuse to bargain in
restraint, or coercion? god faith with the employer
A) National Labor Relations Act E) protecting union members from possible wrongdoing
is

B) Norris-LaGuardia Act on the part of their unions

C) National Labor Relations Board Answer: C
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D) AFL-CIO
E) Taft-Hartley Act 27) The National Labor Relations Board was primarily
Answer: B established for the purpose of ________.
sh

A) establishing branches in right-to-work states

B) negotiating contracts on behalf of local unions
C) managing the membership of the AFL-CIO
D) investigating unfair labor practice charges
E) overseeing the establishment of local unions
Answer: D

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 28) Which of the following was NOT designated an 33) You are a manager at a manufacturing facility, and
unfair labor practice by the Wagner Act? you tell your subordinates that unions are dangerous to
A) bribing employees the economy. Which law protects your right to express
B) requiring yellow dog contracts these views?
C) using company spy systems A) Norris-LaGuardia Act
D) moving businesses to avoid unionization B) Taft-Hartley Act
E) black-listing union sympathizers C) Gompers Act
Answer: B D) Wagner Act
E) Landrum-Griffin Act
29) Which of the following is the most likely reason for Answer: B
the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act?
A) pressure from AFL-CIO 34) Which law sought to protect union members from
B) high unemployment rates possible wrongdoing on the part of their unions?
C) significant economic boom A) Norris-LaGuardia Act
D) major shifts in the workforce B) Taft-Hartley Act
E) numerous union strikes C) Civil Rights Act
Answer: E D) Wagner Act
E) Landrum-Griffin Act
30) The Taft-Hartley Act amended the Wagner Act in all Answer: E

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of the following ways EXCEPT by ________.

er as
A) prohibiting unfair labor practices 35) According to the Landrum-Griffin Act, national and

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B) enumerating the rights of employers international unions must elect officers at least once

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C) enumerating the rights of employees as union every ________ years.

o.
members A) two
rs e
D) limiting the power of the National Labor Review B) three
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Board C) four
E) allowing the U.S. President to bar national emergency D) five
strikes E) six
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Answer: D Answer: D
aC s
vi y re

31) Which of the following terms refers to an unfair 36) What is the first step in the union drive process?
labor practice in which a union requires an employer to A) obtaining authorization cards from employees
pay an employee for services not performed? B) making initial contact with employees
A) coercing C) holding an initial organization hearing
ed d

B) padding D) campaigning for employee votes

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C) ballooning E) holding a consent election

D) inflating Answer: B
E) featherbedding
Answer: E 37) Which of the following is a union organizing tactic by
is

which union members are placed on nonunion job

32) The Taft-Hartley Act prohibits all of the following sites?
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union labor practices EXCEPT ________. A) featherbedding

A) requiring an employer to pay an employee for B) union salting
services not performed C) mediating
sh

B) forcing an employer to fire a worker for failing to D) bargaining

attend union meetings E) picketing
C) refusing to bargain in good faith with an employer Answer: B
about wages and hours
D) restraining or coercing employees from exercising
their guaranteed bargaining rights
E) demanding an employer to fire a worker who fails to
pay union dues in a closed shop
Answer: E
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 38) What percentage of eligible employees in a 41) Hyper-Tech Enterprises manufactures mechanical
bargaining unit must sign authorization cards in order parts used in air conditioning and heating units. The
for the union to petition the NLRB for an election? company employs over 300 workers at its Alabama
A) 10 facility. None of the Hyper-Tech employees belong to a
B) 20 union; however, management believes that unionization
C) 30 is in the near future. A representative of a local union
D) 40 has recently visited Hyper-Tech in an attempt to solicit
E) 50 members and have them sign authorization cards.
Answer: C Enough eligible employees have signed authorization
cards to petition the NLRB for an election. Hyper-Tech's
39) Union authorization cards serve all of the following top executives are considering fighting the unionization
functions EXCEPT ________. efforts.
A) authorizing a union election
B) subjecting the employee to union rules Which of the following, if true, best supports the
C) stating that the employee has applied for argument that Hyper-Tech should contest the union's
membership right to an election?
D) enabling employers to modify employment A) Hyper-Tech has hired a labor relations consultant to
conditions provide advice on union campaign procedures and any
E) designating the union as a bargaining representative relevant laws.

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Answer: D B) Managers believe that they may have inadvertently

er as
hired union salts, who most likely instigated the

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40) Hyper-Tech Enterprises manufactures mechanical unionization movement at Hyper-Tech.

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parts used in air conditioning and heating units. The C) The process outlined at Hyper-Tech for filing

o.
company employs over 300 workers at its Alabama employee grievances differs from the grievance
rs e
facility. None of the Hyper-Tech employees belong to a procedures at other firms in the same industry.
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union; however, management believes that unionization D) Hyper-Tech management believes that if employees
is in the near future. A representative of a local union are provided with additional information from the firm
has recently visited Hyper-Tech in an attempt to solicit that they will revoke their authorization cards.
o

members and have them sign authorization cards. E) Hyper-Tech managers will soon be conducting annual
aC s

Enough eligible employees have signed authorization employee performance appraisals and determining
vi y re

cards to petition the NLRB for an election. Hyper-Tech's what salary adjustments to make.
top executives are considering fighting the unionization Answer: D
efforts.
42) Which of the following terms refers to the group of
ed d

Which of the following questions is LEAST relevant to employees the union will be authorized to represent?
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the decision by Hyper-Tech to fight unionization efforts? A) bargaining unit

A) How many Hyper-Tech employees were hired within B) union delegation
the last year? C) mediating group
B) What percentage of Hyper-Tech employees signed D) negotiating team
is

authorization cards? E) grievance committee

C) Does Hyper-Tech qualify for coverage by the National Answer: A
Th

Labor Relations Board?

D) What is the opinion of Hyper-Tech's shareholders and 43) The union becomes the employees' representative if
creditors regarding unionization? it receives ________.
sh

E) What are the laws regarding what Hyper-Tech A) a majority of the votes cast by stockholders
managers can and cannot do during a campaign? B) a majority of the votes cast by the bargaining unit
Answer: A C) signed authorization cards from 30% of employees
D) written approval from the employer
E) a majority of the votes cast
Answer: E

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 44) Which of the following situations would most likely 47) According to research, which of the following
improve a union's chances of winning a certification variables has the greatest influence on NLRB elections?
election at your firm? A) bargaining unit demographics
A) geographic area with low percentage of union B) employer tactics
workers C) election background
B) high unemployment in the geographic area D) union tactics
C) affiliation with the Teamsters union E) employer characteristics
D) small bargaining units Answer: D
E) a large portion of workers voting
Answer: D 48) Hyper-Tech Enterprises manufactures mechanical
parts used in air conditioning and heating units. The
45) All of the following increase the likelihood that an company employs over 300 workers at its Alabama
employer will lose an NLRB election EXCEPT ________. facility. None of the Hyper-Tech employees belong to a
A) focusing primarily on wage and benefits issues union; however, management believes that unionization
B) appointing a committee to manage the campaign is in the near future. A representative of a local union
C) distributing employee need and attitude surveys has recently visited Hyper-Tech in an attempt to solicit
D) delegating personnel relations issues to plant members and have them sign authorization cards.
managers Enough eligible employees have signed authorization
E) focusing on salaried professionals instead of hourly cards to petition the NLRB for an election. Hyper-Tech's

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workers top executives are considering fighting the unionization

er as
Answer: C efforts.

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46) Hyper-Tech Enterprises manufactures mechanical Which of the following, if true, supports the argument

o.
parts used in air conditioning and heating units. The by the NLRB that Hyper-Tech has conducted unfair labor
rs e
company employs over 300 workers at its Alabama practices?
ou urc
facility. None of the Hyper-Tech employees belong to a A) Hyper-Tech managers prohibited union
union; however, management believes that unionization representatives from soliciting employees who were on
is in the near future. A representative of a local union duty.
o

has recently visited Hyper-Tech in an attempt to solicit B) Hyper-Tech managers intervened when pro-union
aC s

members and have them sign authorization cards. employees solicited other employees while both were
vi y re

Enough eligible employees have signed authorization on duty.

cards to petition the NLRB for an election. Hyper-Tech's C) Hyper-Tech managers barred nonemployee union
top executives are considering fighting the unionization representatives from entering the firm's building.
efforts. D) Hyper-Tech managers prevented nonemployee union
ed d

representatives from the parking lot for safety reasons.

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Which of the following, if true, best supports the E) Hyper-Tech managers prohibited distribution of union
suggestion that Hyper-Tech will lose an NLRB election? literature in the company cafeteria.
A) Hyper-Tech recently distributed employee surveys Answer: E
that indicated overall job satisfaction.
is

B) Hyper-Tech executives have decided that a committee 49) ________ is the process of legally terminating a
should manage the campaign. union's right to represent employees.
Th

C) Hyper-Tech is focusing exclusively on employee wages A) Union salting

and benefits in its campaign efforts. B) Featherbedding
D) Hyper-Tech managers have been told to share their C) Certification
sh

opinions about unions with subordinates. D) Decertification

E) Hyper-Tech managers have been told to avoid making E) Collective bargaining
promises to their subordinates. Answer: D
Answer: B

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 50) When representatives of Ford's management and 55) Which of the following is an illegal bargaining item?
autoworkers union meet to negotiate a labor A) membership of bargaining team
agreement, which of the following is most likely B) discriminatory treatment
occurring? C) employee drug testing
A) certification D) continuance of past contract
B) union salting E) employment of strikebreaker
C) featherbedding Answer: B
D) decertification
E) collective bargaining 56) Managers from Ford and representatives from
Answer: E United Auto Workers are in the first stage of collective
bargaining over benefits and wages. Which of the
51) Which of the following is a characteristic of good following is most likely occurring?
faith bargaining? A) Subcommittes are forming to create alternatives.
A) overlooking bargaining items B) Each side is trading some of its demands.
B) making counterproposals C) Each side is checking terms with superiors.
C) making unilateral changes in conditions D) Each side is presenting its demands.
D) bypassing the union representative E) Both parties are signing an agreement.
E) imposing unreasonable conditions Answer: D
Answer: B

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57) Which of the following terms refers to a collective

er as
52) Which of the following terms refers to items in bargaining situation that occurs when the parties are

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collective bargaining over which bargaining is neither not able to move further toward settlement?

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illegal nor mandatory? A) impasse

o.
A) group bargaining items B) picketing
B) permissible bargaining items rs e C) arbitration
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C) conditional bargaining items D) fact finding
D) benefits-related bargaining items E) wildcat strike
E) wage-related bargaining items Answer: A
o

Answer: B
aC s

58) Negotiators use all of the following types of third-

vi y re

53) All of the following are examples of mandatory party interventions to overcome an impasse EXCEPT
bargaining items EXCEPT ________. ________.
A) employee security A) binding arbitration
B) shift differentials B) nonbinding arbitration
ed d

C) profit-sharing plans C) mediation

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D) indemnity bonds D) fact finding

E) employee drug testing E) picketing
Answer: D Answer: E
is

54) All of the following are examples of permissible 59) Which third-party intervention uses a neutral third
bargaining items EXCEPT ________. party to assist the principals in reaching agreement?
Th

A) cafeteria prices A) fact finding

B) use of union label B) mediation
C) severance pay C) binding arbitration
sh

D) scope of bargaining unit D) interest arbitration

E) pension benefits for retired employees E) non-binding arbitration
Answer: C Answer: B

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 60) Which intervention method listed below is the most 65) Employers dealing with an unfair labor practice
definitive of all third-party interventions? strike can use all of the following responses EXCEPT
A) fact finding ________.
B) mediation A) shutting down the affected area until the strike ends
C) binding arbitration B) contracting out work to other operations
D) interest arbitration C) continuing operations with supervisors filling in
E) non-binding arbitration D) hiring temporary replacement workers
Answer: C E) hiring permanent replacement workers
Answer: E
61) Fact finding seeks to end an impasse by ________.
A) assisting the principals in reaching an agreement 66) Union tactics designed to impede or disrupt
B) studying the issues and making a public production by encouraging employees to slow the pace
recommendation of work, refuse to work overtime, and participate in
C) determining and dictating the settlement terms sick-outs are called ________.
D) interpreting and analyzing existing contract terms A) espionage
E) communicating assessments of the likelihood of a B) inside games
strike C) lockouts
Answer: B D) injunctions
E) strikes

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62) The National Air Traffic Controllers Association and Answer: B

er as
the Federal Aviation Administration have reached an

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impasse during collective bargaining. Which of the 67) Which of the following terms refers to the formal

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following will most likely be used to reach a settlement? process for addressing any factor involving wages,

o.
A) fact finding hours, or conditions of employment that is used as a
B) mediation rs e complaint against the employer?
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C) binding arbitration A) negotiation
D) interest arbitration B) collective bargaining
E) non-binding arbitration C) court injunction
o

Answer: A D) grievance procedure

aC s

E) arbitration method
vi y re

63) Which of the following terms refers to a strike that Answer: D

takes place when one union strikes in support of
another union? 68) Jeff is a manager at a paper mill. He has received a
A) wildcat strike grievance from a group of employees who are union
ed d

B) economic strike members. The grievance claims that a plant rule barring
ar stu

C) unfair labor practices strike employees from eating during unscheduled breaks is
D) bargaining strike arbitrary and unfair. What should Jeff do?
E) sympathy strike A) Discuss the case privately with the union steward.
Answer: E B) Respond to the grievance with long, written answers.
is

C) Agree to make informal changes to the rules.

64) A strike that results from a failure to agree on the D) Examine the grievants' personnel records.
Th

terms of a contract, such as wages and benefits, is E) Make special arrangements with the grievants.
known as a(n) ________ strike. Answer: D
A) arbitrary
sh

B) wildcat 69) All of the following most likely explain the decline in
C) economic union membership EXCEPT ________.
D) sympathy A) legislative protections for workers
E) unfair labor practices B) improved wages and benefits
Answer: C C) increased global competition
D) technological improvements
E) just-in-time production systems
Answer: B

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 70) If passed, the Employee Free Choice Act would
________.
A) ban union membership for federal employees
B) allow mass union e-mails at the work place
C) allow the formation of global unions
D) institute a card check system
E) overturn the Wagner Act
Answer: D

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aC s
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