‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system 

 ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

Circulatory Physiology
1- The function of the … is to transport blood under high pressure to the tissues.

arteries

veins

arterioles

venules

2- The … collect blood from the capillaries and gradually coalesce into progressively larger veins.

venules

arteries

veins

arterioles

3- The … in the capillaries tends to force fluid and its dissolved substances through the capillary pores into the
interstitial spaces.

Osmotic pressure

Colloid pressure

Lymphatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure

 

4- The approximate average forces of net filtration pressure of the capillary is about ….

20 mmHg

2 mmHg

1 mmHg

13 mmHg

 

5- The … are the last small branches of the arterial system; they act as control conduits.

arterioles

venules

veins

arteries
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬
 

6- Whenever people with varicose veins stand for more than a few minutes, ….

Edema in leg might detect.

They faint.

Albumin level increase.

Coronary artries collapse.

7- The overall blood flow in the total circulation of an adult person at rest is about:

1000 ml/min

120 ml/min

5000 ml/min

2000 ml/min

8- Which molecule has less permeability?

Albumine

Glucose

Urea

Water

9- Increasing … directly increases blood viscosity.

hematocrite

muscles

serum plasma volume

body weight

10- In the ........., the junctions between the capillary endothelial cells are mainly tight junctions.

kidney

spleen

liver

brain

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

11- Which one is not considered as specific blood reservoirs?

Spleen

Aorta

Liver

Large abdominal veins

12- The rate of blood flow through the entire circulatory system is equal to the ….

rate of blood pumping by the lung

cardiac output

Pulmonary artery

Brain artery

13- Inhibition of … greatly dilates the vessels and can increase the blood flow.

sympathetic activity

parasympathetic activity

GH

liver activity

14- In persons with aortic valve stenosis, the aortic pressure pulse is … significantly.

increase

no change

decrease

opened

15- Which vessels are much more distensible than the arteries?

Arterioles

Heart

Blood

Veins

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

16- Which one has important role on colloid osmotic pressure?

Inulin

Hydrogen ion

Albumine

Water

17- Aortic arc baroreceptors send signaling to the vasomotor center by … nerve.

Vagus

Glossopharyngeal

Carotid

Hering’s

18- In which situation, hematocrite is higher than normal range?

Anemia

None of them

Low red blood cell count

Polycythemia

 

19- Which part of brain controls vasoconstriction?

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Cerebrellum

Vasomotor center

 

20- Which factor could decrease blood viscosity?

Erythropoietin enhacement

Polycythemia

Smoking

Anemia

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

21- Based on ohm’s law, if pressure difference increase, blood flow will be ….

safe

decrease

not change

increase

 

22- Where is the position of peripheral baroreceptors?

Carotid sinus and aortic arc


Lung

Venuls

Cerebrum

23- Which hormone act as vasoconstrictor?

LH

Vasopressin

Glucagon

TSH

24- Which one is not seen during muscular activity (exercise)?

Vasoconstriction in kidney

Vasodilatation in gastrointestinal vessels.


Vasodilatation in related muscles

Increase in heart rate

25- Parasympathetic stimulation … heart rate and contractility.

decreases

increases

has no role on

indirectly stimulate

Blood Physiology
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

26- The first cell that can be identified as belonging to the RBC series is .......... .

reticulocyte

CFU-B

CFU-S

proerythroblast

 

27- Opsonization means ....... .

a process by which a pathogen is selected for phagocytosis and destruction


a process by which the tissue spaces and the lymphatics in the inflamed area are blocked by fibrinogen clots

a process by which neutrophils and monocytes squeeze through the pores of the blood capillaries

a process by which white blood cells are attracted to inflamed tissue areas

28- The least amount of iron in human body is found in the form of ......... .

ferritin

transferrin

myoglobin

hemoglobin

29- The first effect of leukemia is ............ .

metastatic growth of leuke mic cells in abnormal areas of the body


very few WBCs production in bone marrow

severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia

causing pain and, eventu ally, a tendency for bones to fracture easily

30- Thrombin does not have a direct effect on ........... .

factor VIII

factor VI

factor V

prothrombin

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

31- Which of the following is not considered to be an intravascular anticoagulants?

The smoothness of the endothelial cell surface

Plasmin

Heparin

The fibrin fibers that are formed during the process of clotting

32- Which of the following refers to the last line of defense against infection?

Neutrophil invasion into the inflamed area

Increased production of granulocytes and monocytes by the bone marrow


Acute increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood

Second macrophage invasion into the inflamed tissue

33- Which of the following refers to the main factor in the control mechanism of erythropoietin secretion?

Central nervous system stimulation

Concentration of RBCs in the blood

Tissue oxygenation

High blood volume

34- After blood vessels rupture, which of the following initiates the extrinsic pathway?

Factor IX

Factor III

Factor XII

Factor XI

35- Which type of maturation failure of RBCs is caused as a result of intrinsic factor deficiency?

Hereditary spherocytosis

Megaloblastic anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Aplastic anemia

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

36- Each heme molecule is formed from ......... .

4 pyrrole

protoporphyrin IX + Fe++

polypeptide + Fe++

2 α chains + 2 β chains

37- Disseminated intravascular coagulation often results from ......... .

loss of the von Willebrand factor

the presence of large amounts of traumatized or dying tissue in the body


an abnormality or deficiency of Factor VIII

the presence of very low numbers of platelets in the circulating blood

Heart Physiology
38- The QT interval in the electrocardiogram trace represents

ventricular refractory period

ventricular depolarization

ventricular contraction

ventricular tension time index

39- A decrease in atrioventricular nodal conduction velocity will

decrease heart rate

widen the QRS complex

increase PR interval

increase P wave amplitude

40- Ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be used instead of the usual variable on the abscissa (x-axis) when
plotting a Frank-Starling curve. What variable does the x-axis usually represent on a Frank-Starling curve?

cardiac work

cardiac output

ventricular end-diastolic volume


ventricular stroke volume
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬
 

41- In slow response action potential cells of the cardiac myocytes, phase 0 is mainly achieved by

Fast Na+ channels

K1 inwardly rectified channels

L- type Ca++ channels


Na funny channels

42- The transmembrane potential during phase 4 is much less negative in nodal cells than in atrial and ventricular
myocytes because

nodal cells lack the iK1 type of K+ channel


nodal cells lack the funny Na+ channel

nodal cells have high iK1 type of K+ channel

nodal cells have high funny Na+ channel

43- During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?

atrial systole

reduced ventricular filling

isovolumetric ventricular contraction

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation


 

44- In a standard lead III electrocardiography, the negative terminal is connected to

the right leg

the left arm


the right arm

the left leg

45- The ionic basis of the automaticity in the nodal cells that mediates the slow diastolic depolarization is all but

an inward Ca++ current through L-type Ca++ channels (iCa)

an inward rectifying K+ current (K1)


hyperpolarization-induced Na+ inward current (if)

an outward iK+ current (iK)

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

46- The duration of the plateau in atria is substantially less than in ventricular myocytes because

none of the above

the magnitude of ito during plateau is greater in atria than in ventricular myocytes

the magnitude of ito during plateau is less in atria than the ventricular myocytes

the magnitude of ito during plateau is the same in atria and ventricular myocytes

47- The time from the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse to the incisura is a measure of the period of

atrial diastole

ventricular ejection

reduced ventricular filling

rapid ventricular filling

48- The s wave in an electrocardiogram represents

depolarization of a small portion of the base of left ventricle


depolarization of the septum from left to right

depolarization of the apex

repolarization of a small portion of the base of the left ventricle

49- An increase in systemic blood pressure leads to which of the following effects?

an increase in the velocity at which blood ejected from left ventricle

a decrease in the maximal wall tension developed in the left ventricular muscle

an increase in cardiac output

an increase in residual volume of blood in the left ventricle


 

50- A hospitalized patient has an ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of 95 beats/min, and cardiac output of 3.5
L/min. what is the patient’s end-diastolic volume?

14 ml

92 ml

55 ml

37 ml

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

51- If the R wave is upright and equally large on leads I and aVF, what is the mean electrical axis of the heart?

0 degree

45 degrees

135 degrees

90 degrees

52- Administration of certain K channel antagonists causes the plateau of an action potential curve to be

doesn’t affect phase 2 AP phase duration

unchanged

prolonged

diminished

53- Very high sympathetic neural activity to the heart can lead to all of the following effects except

positive dromotropism

positive chronotropism

positive bathmotropism

cardiac tetanic contractions


 

54- The T wave in a normal ECG trace is positive because

the apex of the left ventricle mass is the last to repolarize

the inner surfaces of the ventricles repolarize sooner than the outer apical surfaces

the septum and endocardial areas of the ventricular muscle depolarizes first

the septum and endocardial areas have longer period of contraction than do most of the heart external surface

 

55- The v wave in the atrial pressure curve that occurs toward the end of ventricular contraction is due to

slight backflow of blood into the atria at the onset of ventricular contraction

atrial contraction

bulging of the A-V valves backward toward atria

slow flow of blood into atria from veins while A-V valves are closed

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

56- The most common causes of decreased QRS complex are all but

ventricular hypertrophy

pleural fluid accumulation (effusion)

cardiomyopathy

pericardial fluid retention (pericardial effusion)

57- High tension-time index in the cardiac muscle cells occur during

isovolumetric contraction

abnormally dilated left ventricle


isovolumetric relaxation

normal left ventricular diameter

58- The P wave on lead aVR of the normal electrocardiogram will be

a downward deflection

highly variable

not detectable

an upward deflection

Anatomy of cardiovascular block

59- All of the following structures are visible posterior to thoracic aorta except

Thoracic vertebra

Accessory hemiazygous vein

Hemi Azygous vein

Right posterior intercostal artery


 

60- All of the following structures are seen in both the upper mediastinum and the posterior mediastinum, except
...?

esophagus

Right Vagus nerve

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve


Left Vagus nerve
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬
 

61- Which of the following structures located at the lower end of the vertebral canal?

coccyx

Sacral crest

Iliac crest

Sacral hiatus

 

62- Which of the following structure is found both inferior and posterior the arch of the aorta?

Left brachiocephalic vein

Left phrenic

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve


Left vagus nerve

63- Where is sinu-atrial node?

In left atrium

In right ventricl

In left ventricle

In right atrium

 

64- All the following options are correct except ...?

The pericardio co phrenic vessels accompany the phrenic nerve in the chest

The thoracic aorta begins on the left side of the fourth thoracic vertebra

The thymus is found in the posterior mediastinum


The left brachiocephalic vein is longer than the right

65- In the case of the sympathetic chain, all of the following definitions are correct except ....?

The sympathetic chain is also seen in the abdomen

White rami is find in lateral side to gray rami

White rami is along the entire length of the sympathetic chain


Greater splanchnic nerves contain myelin

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

66- During a heart procedure the surgeon accidently damages the vein that is accompanied by the posterior
interventricular artery, which of the following veins is most likely to be damaged?

Great cardiac vein

Small cardiac vein

Middle cardiac vein


Left marginal vein

67- Where we should listen to Mitral valve sounds?

In 2th left intercostal space

In left 5th intercostal space over apex of heart


In 6th right intercostal space

In 2th right intercostal space

68- All of the following arteries arises from internal thoracic artery except…?

Sternal artery

Musculophrenic artery

Posterior intercostal artery


Perforating artery

69- Where is the deep cardiac plexus has seen?

Anterior to bifurcation of trachea


In anterior mediastinum

In posterior mediastinum

Inferior to arch of Aorta

70-  

Which of the following muscles is in the deep layer of the erector spin muscle?

Multifidus

Rotatores

Longissimus thoracis

Semispinalis
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬
 

71- All of the following structure are find in right ventricle except…

Septomarginal

Papillary muscle

Chorda tendino

Apex of heart

 

72- All of following ribs has a single articular facet on its head except?

first rib

Third rib

Twelve rib

tenth rib

73- 9th left posterior intercostal vein is going to drain into

Inferior vena cava

Superior vena cava

Azygous vein

Hemiazygous vein

 

74- Lymphatic drainage of all the following areas into the thoracic duct except ..?

Left upper limb

Left lower limb

Right lower limb

Right upper limb


 

75- -All of the following structures are going to innervate by phrenic nerve except which?

Visceral serous pericard


Diaphragm

Parital serous preicard

Fibros pericard

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

76- Which of the following structures crosses the anterior arch of the aorta

Right vegus nerve

Left vagus nerve


Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Right phrenic nerve

77- Which rib is longest rib in human body?

5th

6th

7th

4th

78- The right margin of heart is formed mostly by which champer of the heart?

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricl

79- Which of the opening of following vein in heart has valve..?

Coronary sinus

Superior vena cava

Right pulmonary vein

Left pulmonary vein

80- The upper two posterior intercostal arteries on each side are derived which artery

Subclavian

Thoracic aorta

Right internal thoracic

Left Internal thoracic

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

81- Which branches of intercostal nerve is largest?

Anterior terminal branch

Lateral cutaneus branch


Colateral branch

Posterior branch

82- All of the following arteries arises from left coronary in right dominant heart except…..

left marginal

Circumflex

Posterior interventricular branch


Diagonal

83- Which champer of the heart in chest has anterior position?

Right atrium

Right ventericle

Left ventericle

Left atrium

Histology
84- Which antibody has pentamere structure?

Ig E

Ig M

Ig G

Ig A

85- Which organ has dual embryonic origin?

Spleen

Lymphnode

Thymus

Lingual tonsil

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

86- Most numerous vessels in our body are ….

Large arteries

capillaries

Small arteries

veins

87- Where is the site of blood filtration in body?

tonsil

spleen

thymus

lymphnode

88- Which one is the antibody of secretions such as saliva?

Ig E

Ig M

Ig G

Ig A

 

89- The thickest layer in the wall of veins are….

subedothelia

media

intima

adventitia

 

90- Which one is primary lymphoid organ?

Tonsil

Lymphnode

Spleen

Thymus

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

91- Where we observe hassal corpuscle in thymus?

capsule

Meulla of lobula

Cortex of lobule

terabecula

92- Which one is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

thymus

Lymphnod

Spleen

Palatin tonsil

93- In which vessel we observe internal elastic layer obviously?

Muscular artery

capillary

Elastic artery

Medium sized veins

Embryology
94- witch of the flowing septum form the floor of the limbus fossa ovalis?

septum premium.

sub endocardial cushions.

septum secondum.

septum intermedium

95- During vascular development, the hepatic part of IVC arises from:

Right vitelline veins.


Right subcardinal veins.

Right supracardinal veins

Right umbilical veins.

 
 ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system  ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬

96- Which part of the primitive heart tube gives rise to the right ventricle and the aorta?

Primitive ventricle

Sinus venosus

Bulbus cordis

Primitive atrium

97- During Aortic arch development, Fate of the following are correct EXCEPT:

Aortic sac: distal (descending) segment of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic trunk.

1st aortic arch: maxillary artery (in the face)

3rd aortic arch: common carotid and initial segments of internal carotid artery

2nd aortic arch: stapedial artery (in middle ear)

98- Which of the follow is NOT part of TETRALOGY OF FALLOT:

ASD

Thicked (Hypertrophy)right ventricle wall

Overriding of the aorta

Pulmonary stenosis

99- The right horn of sinus venous forms:

The Rough Anterior wall of the right atrium.

The oblique vein

The Smooth Posterior wall of the right atrium.


Atrophy and forms coronary sinus

100-Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to undergo the 180-degree spiral will result in

An atrial-septal defect

Persistent truncus arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot

Transposition of the great vessels

