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FORMAT IN RESEARCH/THESIS WRITING

(Use Times New Roman using font size12, double-spaced on 8.6”x11” bond paper,
margin is 1.5” left,1” top, bottom and right)

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

This section presents the background and the concepts related to the study. It

also presents the existence of the problem that motivates the need to be investigated.

Statement of the Problem

This section presents the general and specific objectives of the study. The

specific objectives are stated in the form of questions which the researcher wishes to

find the answers.

Hypothesis (optional, depending on the study)

The hypothesis of the study is stated in null form to establish associations,

relations or correlations between or among the variables of the study. It must be

coherent with the research question(s) or the study objectives.

Theoretical Framework

This section presents the theories as basis of the study. A theory that explains

the existence of the problem and an elaboration on how the problem (dependent

variable) may be influenced by the independent variable(s) are presented.

Conceptual Framework

The concept presented in this section are the variables found in the statement

of the problem. The dependent, independent, intervening (if any) and sometimes the

antecedent variables (if any are identified and the possible link(s) between/among
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them are explained. The explanation is based on the theoretical framework. A

schematic diagram of the assumed flow of relationship between/among variable(s) is

presented. The conceptual framework is presented both visual and textual.

Significance of the Study

Make a brief discussion why the study is important or significant. It states the

contributions of the study and its results to specific groups or individual users,

organization, community and to other people.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This discusses the focus of the study, the respondents of the study, the place

where the study was conducted, the instruments used in the study, the time and other

similar variables of the study.

Definition of Terms

In this section, the major variables of the study and other important/relevant

variables found in the problem and/or in the statement of the problem should be

defined operationally according to how they are used in the study. The operational

definition must indicate how a variable is going to be measured. Words, phrases, and

acronyms used in the study are likewise defined.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

(this chapter will be written in separate paper or in new page)

In this chapter, write an introductory statement.

Make a quick review of some related literature and studies related to your

study. Related literature and related studies are presented according to concept or

subject. The concept or subject is based from the statement of the problem. If

possible, year of publication of the literature and studies must be within a 10-year

period or it can be more than 10 years but cited in recent paper At the end of the

review of related literature, write the synthesis.

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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(Give your introductory statement here)

Research Design

State and describe here the method of research or research design you used.

Locale of the Study

State the location of the study. Make some description of the place and attach

a map showing the location of the study in a separate page.

Respondents of the Study

Present here the target population of the study and the respondents. Describe

the characteristics of the respondents. The distribution of respondents is presented in

the tabular form marked as Table 1.

Sample Size and Sampling Techniques

Get the sample size. Show the formula in obtaining the sample size. Describe

the sampling techniques used.

Research Instrument

State the instruments used as tools for gathering the data, how they were

formulated and validated to establish its reliability.

Data Gathering Procedure

This section presents the detailed procedure in gathering the data. It discusses

the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages of the study.

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Data Analysis Procedure

This explains how the data are gathered, processed, and analysed. Then

proceed to a discussion on statistical procedures and or statistical treatments to be

used.
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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

(give an introductory statement)

This chapter presents the findings with analysis and interpretation of the data.

Data are presented in tabular form. The table has an introductory statement that are

written before the presentation of the table. The table should not be cut; if it is not

enough in the space, it should be presented in the next page. Discuss only the table’s

highlights; if you discuss every item of the table in text, the table is unnecessary.

Number all tables with Arabic numerals. Lay out table closest to where they are first

mentioned. Do not use suffix letters to number tables; that is, label tables as Table 5,

6, and 7 instead of 5, 5a, and 5b or combine the related tables into one table.

Example:

Table 1. Sex of the Respondents

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 20 29

Female 50 71

Total 70 100

Mention all relevant results, including that run counter to the hypothesis. Do not

include individual scores or raw data. After presenting the results, examine, evaluate

and interpret their implications.

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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

(Provide an introductory statement)

Summary of Findings

Present the problem or the general and specific objectives of the study,

methodologies, respondents, data collected, statistical tools used, and summary of the

findings of the study. If the study is quantitative, findings will be associated with

numerical data.

Conclusions

The conclusions are directly based from the findings of the study. The

statements in the conclusions answered the problem and/or hypotheses that have been

tested. The conclusion does not carry numerical data.

Recommendations

The recommendations offer suggestions which are based from the findings and

conclusions of the study.

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References
(Separate Page)

Use the American Psychological Association (APA) Style in citing the sources

used in the study. References are listed alphabetically in the References section and

according to the following formats:

Journal Article Author (Year). Title. Journal Name. Volume (Issue Number), Pages.

Example:

Galtung. J. (1964). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of

Peace Research, 6(3), 167-191.

Books Author (Year). Title. City, State: Publisher

Example:

Gottfredson, M.R. &Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime.

Standford, CA: Standford University Press.

Book Chapter Author (Year). Title of the Chapter. In Authors of the Edited Books,

Titleof the Book. City, State: Publisher.

Example:

Felson, M. (2008). Routine activity approach. In R.Wortley and I.

Mazerolle (Eds), Environmental criminology and crime analysis.

Portland, Oregon: William Publishing.

Electronic
Media http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct00/workplace.html
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Appendices

This includes the questionnaire, letters such as letter asking permission to

conduct a study, letter request to validate the instruments, documents like CMO,

circulars, Republic Act, and other documents. The curriculum vitae is at the last part

of the appendices.
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Prepared by:

DR. NENA S. PATERO DR. NEPTUNE T. TANDOG JR.

Head for Research Asst. to Head for Research

Approved by Research Committee:

REBECCA T. BARRIOS DR. MARIANNE L. QUIMPO DR. AMBROSIO R. VILLORENTE

Member Member Member

DR. DENNIS I. IBUTNANDECHRISTOPHER J. Q. FERNANDEZNOLITA M. KISMUNDO

Member Member Member

JOEBLAS DIAZKATHERINE B. DELFIN RICKY LATOSA DINA LARIOSA

Member Member Member Member

ALLAN ANGELO L. QUIMPO, CPA, MBA

President, Chairman Research Committee