Mba DBMS

What is Data?
Data is nothing but raw facts and statistics stored or free flowing over a network, generally it's
raw and unprocessed. Data becomes information when it is processed, turning it into
something meaningful.
What is a Database?
A database is a collection of related data which represents some aspect of the real world.
A Database is a collection of related data organised in a way that data can be easily accessed,
managed and updated. Database can be software based or hardware based, with one sole purpose,
storing data. A database system is designed to be built and populated with data for a certain task.
During early computer days, data was collected and stored on tapes, which were mostly write-only,
which means once data is stored on it, it can never be read again. They were slow and bulky, and soon
computer scientists realised that they needed a better solution to this problem.
What is DBMS?
A DBMS is a software that allows creation, definition and manipulation of database. DBMS
allows the users to perform various operations like creating database, storing data in it,
updating data, creating tables in the database, process and analyse data easily and a lot more.
It consists of a group of programs which manipulate the database. The DBMS accepts the request for
data from an application and instructs the operating system to provide the specific data. It provides an
interface between the data and the software application. All these operations are handled by query
languages like MySQL, Oracle etc.
DBMS also provides protection and security to the databases. It also maintains data consistency in
case of multiple users.
Characteristics of Database Management System
A database management system has following characteristics:
1. Data stored into Tables: Data is never directly stored into the database. Data is stored into
tables, created inside the database. DBMS also allows to have relationships between tables which
makes the data more meaningful and connected. You can easily understand what type of data is
stored where by looking at all the tables created in a database.
2. Reduced Redundancy: In the modern world hard drives are very cheap, but earlier when hard
drives were too expensive, unnecessary repetition of data in database was a big problem. But
DBMS follows Normalisation which divides the data in such a way that repetition is minimum.
3. Data Consistency: On Live data, i.e. data that is being continuously updated and added,
maintaining the consistency of data can become a challenge. But DBMS handles it all by itself.
4. Support multiple user and Concurrent Access: DBMS allows multiple users to work on it
(update, insert, delete data) at the same time and still manages to maintain the data consistency.
5. Query Language: DBMS provides users with a simple Query language, using which data can be
easily fetched, inserted, deleted and updated in a database.
6. Security: The DBMS also takes care of the security of data, protecting the data from un-
authorised access. In a typical DBMS, we can create user accounts with different access
permissions, using which we can easily secure our data by restricting user access.
7. DBMS supports transactions, which allows us to better handle and manage data integrity in real
world applications where multi-threading is extensively used.
Advantages of DBMS
• DBMS offers a variety of techniques to store & retrieve data
• DBMS serves as an efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple applications using the
same data
• Uniform administration procedures for data
• Application programmers never exposed to details of data representation and storage.
• A DBMS uses various powerful functions to store and retrieve data efficiently.
• Offers Data Integrity and Security
• The DBMS implies integrity constraints to get a high level of protection against prohibited access
to data.
• A DBMS schedules concurrent access to the data in such a manner that only one user can
access the same data at a time
• Reduced Application Development Time
Disadvantage of DBMS
DBMS may offer plenty of advantages but, it has certain flaws-
• Cost of Hardware and Software of a DBMS is quite high which increases the budget of your
organization.
• Most database management systems are often complex systems, so the training for users to
use the DBMS is required.
• In some organizations, all data is integrated into a single database which can be damaged
because of electric failure or database is corrupted on the storage media
Use of the same program at a time by many users sometimes lead to the loss of some data.
Users in a DBMS environment

• Database Administrators: Database Administrator or DBA is the one who manages the
complete database management system. DBA takes care of the security of the DBMS, it's
availability, managing the license keys, managing user accounts and access etc.
• Application Programmer or Software Developer: This user group is involved in developing and
designing the parts of DBMS.
• End User: These days all the modern applications, web or mobile, store user data. How do you
think they do it? Yes, applications are programmed in such a way that they collect user data and
store the data on DBMS systems running on their server. End users are the one who store,
retrieve, update and delete data.
Application of DBMS
Sector Use of DBMS
Banking For customer information, account activities, payments, deposits,

loans, etc.
Airlines For reservations and schedule information.
Universities For student information, course registrations, colleges and grades.
Telecommunication It helps to keep call records, monthly bills, maintaining balances, etc.
Finance For storing information about stock, sales, and purchases of financial
instruments like stocks and bonds.
Sales Use for storing customer, product & sales information.
Manufacturing It is used for the management of supply chain and for tracking
production of items. Inventories status in warehouses.
HR Management For information about employees, salaries, payroll, deduction,

generation of paychecks, etc.

Mba DBMS

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What is Data?

Users in a DBMS environment

Banking For customer information, account activities, payments, deposits,

Airlines For reservations and schedule information.

Universities For student information, course registrations, colleges and grades.

Sales Use for storing customer, product & sales information.

HR Management For information about employees, salaries, payroll, deduction,

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