Reviewer in Health

8 Millenium Development Goals

The term “global health” rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization.
Both terms improved public awareness of vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities for
the different injustices in the world.
Ilona Kickbush (2006), director of the Global Health Program at the
Development Studies in Gineva, Switzerland states that global health pertains to a
various health issues, concerns, and trends which go beyond national boundaries and
call for global initiatives for the protection and promotion of people’s health across the
world.
Koplan and Associates (2009) states that global healthis an area for study,
research, and practice that prioritizes health improvement and achieving impartially in
health and wellness worldwide. Beaglehole and Bonita (2010) gave a short study but
meaningful definition of global health: cooperative research and action of international
communities to promote health for all.
1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty And Hunger
Developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia suffer from extreme
poverty and hunger. Poverty and hunger leads to severe malnutrition which
lead to a lifelong physical and cognitive damage and affects health, well being,
and economy.
 Education
 Promoting gender equality
 Producing more jobs
 Investing more on agriculture
 Strengthened nutrition programs for children and infants
 Support and protection of developing and vulnerable countries during
crisis.

2. Achieve Universal Primary Education

Person, particularly women who are educated, are more likely to seek
medical care especially during pregnancy, ensuring proper nutrition for their
family, adopting healthy sanitary practices and ensuring immunization for
children.
 Marry and have their own families at a later stage in life
 Practice family planning and have fewer children
 Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
 Seek employment and sustain personal and family needs
  Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted infections like
HIV/AIDS
3. Promote Gender Equality And Empower Women

Gender equality mean equal representation and men and women.

 Early childhood development intervention
 Promotion of women’s political rights and involvement
 Improved reproductive health programs and policies
 Education and integrating gender equality in school curriculum
 Support and protection of developing and vulnerable counties during
crisis.

4. Reduce Child Mortality

Programs and policies which help reduce child mortality like improving
nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and infrastructure, and other fields
which improves children’s live.
 Immunization programs
 Assuring the survival and better health of the mother
 Improving reproductive health programs policies
 Better nutrition program for infants, children and mother

5. Improve Maternal Health

Improve maternal health is not only about mother’s but also involves the
health and wellness of the family.
 Improve and proper nutrition for mothers
 Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and small family size
 Educating young boys and girls about importance of maternal health
 Better and improved access to hospital are care especially obstetric-
gynecology, prenatal and postnatal care.

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria And Others

Emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza, and

other diseases affect the productivity and growth of nations.
 Improved housing condition
 Increase anti-malarial medicines
 Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive education for all
 Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS persons and
 TB- Directly Observed Treatment Short (TB-DOTS) Course therapy
7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Investing and supporting sustainable energy like solar, wind and water
energy help support jobs, create business opportunities, and save remaining
non-renewable resources.
 Cleaner air and environment
 Clean, environment- friendly , and renewable energy
 New and aspiring jobs and business in energy
 Increase access to sanitation

8. Global Partnership For Development

The United Nations, World Health Organization, World Bank and

government work together to make sure there is fair trade and that heavily
indebted countries obtain relief and funds to combat poverty, malnutrition,
and funds for education and social projects.
 Expanded international trade agreements
 Improved access to affordable medicine
 Reduced poverty through government debt relief grant
 Developed information and communication technology (ICT)
infrastracture.
Global Health Initiatives

Roll Back Malaria.

Roll back Malaria.
is a global effort to reduce the
number of deaths from malaria
infections through heightened
prevention tools, rapid response
to outbreaks, development of new
anti-malaria products, and
effective treatment of the
infection.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
 To enable and to increase the capacity of caregivers to recognize malaria
promptly and take early appropriate action.
 To empower service providers by imparting adequate knowledge, skill and
capacity which enable them to respond to malaria illness appropriately.
 To create an enabling environment for implementation.

Stop TB.

Stop TB.
Is a global effort to
prevent further
transmission of
tuberculosis or TB is the
implementation of the TB-
DOTS short-course

Objectives:
 To achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient centered
treatment.
 To reduce the suffering and socio-economic burden associated with TB.
 To protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV and multi drug-
resistant- TB (MDR-TB)
  To support the development of new tools and enable their timely and effective
use.

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization.

Global Alliance for Vaccines
and Immunization.

Is a global strategy which

aims to strengthen children’s
immunization programs and
introduce new generation of
licensed vaccines into use in
developing countries across
the globe. These new
vaccines which could help
reduce the number of deaths
in children aged 5 years old
and below includes.

 Hepatitis B vaccine
 Childhood meningitis vaccine
 Yellow fever vaccine
 Influenza vaccine
 Vaccine for pneumonia

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria

Is a funding project rather
than an initiative.
Nevertheless, it helps in the
prevention, reduction, and
mitigation of the negative
impacts of the three diseases
to humanity which contribute
to the fulfilment of the
Millennium Development

GLOBAL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL USE.

  WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control- is the prime international treaty
negotiated under WHO. The WHO FCTC came
into existence in reaction to the Global epidemic of
tobacco use and abuse.
 The following summarizes the WHO FCTC
provisions:
1.Price and Tax measures to reduce the demand for
tobacco, and
2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco, namely:
 Protection from exposure to tobacco products
 Regulation of the contents of tobacco products
 Regulation of products disclosures
 New packaging and labeling of tobacco products.
 Education communication, training and public awareness
 Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation.
 And tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship.
Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of
Alcohol.

 The Global Strategy to reduce the Harmful use of

Alcohol Recognizes the Close ties between the
harmful use of alcohol and the socio-economic
development of a nation.
 This strategy builds and supports other global health
initiatives like the global strategy for the prevention
and control of non-communicable diseases.

Global Strategy for the prevention and control of Non-communicable

Diseases.
 Is a global action plan to prevent and control the following non-communicable
diseases:
 Cardiovascular Diseases
 Chronic respiratory diseases.
 Cancers
 Diabetes
 Four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating,
physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol
use.
Objectives of the action plan:
 To raise the priority accorded to non-communicable disease at global and
national levels and to integrate prevention and control of such diseases into
policies across all governments.
 To establish and strengthen national policies and plans for the prevention and
control of non-communicable diseases.
 To promote interventions to reduce the main shared but preventable risk factors
for non-communicable diseases: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco
use, and harmful use of alcohol.
 To promote research for the prevention and control of non-communicable
diseases.
 To promote partnerships for the prevention and control of non-communicable
diseases.
 To monitor non-communicable diseases and their casual factors and evaluate
progress at the local, national, and global levels.

Global Initiative for Mental Health

 Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan
2013-2020. Is the result of extensive
research and consultations by stakeholders,
member nations, academic and non-
government centers across the globe. The
mental health action plan should be
impartial, life-based, and preventive in
nature. It basically addresses the following:
 To fight and alleviate negative trends in
mental health,
 To improve and make mental health services and care accessible, and
 To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with mental
problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still prevalent around the world.

THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS QUICK WINS

 No school fees and free access to educational materials and facilities in schools to
ensure that all children attend classes. This eliminates poor families' concept that
education is only for those who can afford it. Finances can include donor
assistance from partnerships with private groups.
 Children are provided with free school meals and take-home rations using locally
produced food.
 Regular annual deworming for all school children especially in impoverished
areas to improve health and education.
 Provision for poor farmers of affordable supplies of soil nitrogen and other soil
nutrients.
 Design community nutrition programs for pregnant, nursing mothers and
children below five years of age. These includes breastfeeding, feeding programs
and micronutrient supplements like vitamin A and zinc.
 Offer basic skills training of community members in health, farming, technical-
vocational, and infrastructure.
 Free basic health services sponsored by private organizations
 Expanded access to sexual and reproductive health information and services.
These includes family planning information campaign and services.
 Distribution of free, effective and efficient insecticide-treated bed nets to families
especially in malaria and dengue-endemic areas.
 Active national and local campaigns to reduce violence against women and
children.
 Reform and enforce legislation protecting and empowering women's and
children's rights.
 Empowering women to play an important role in formulating and monitoring
poverty reduction strategies, programs and policies.
 Allowing government-owned hospitals, health centers, schools and other social
service institutions free access to electricity, water, sanitation and internet using
sustainable and renewable energies like solar panels, wind and geothermal
generators.
 Plant endemic trees at the community level to provide shade, produce, watershed
protection, windbreak and timber.