Grade

11/12
Self-Learning Module in Personal Development
Lesson: Knowing and Understanding Oneself during Middle and Late Adolescence
Quarter: III Week: 1 Day and Time: See Class program

Learning competency/ies:
• explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and
dealing with others better
• share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences
• start and maintain a journal.

Learning Tasks:
Study Notebook (Journal) Activity Sheet
✓ Journal Entry 1, p.4 ✓ Activity 1, pp. 4-5
✓ Exercise & Journal Entry 2, p.5 ✓ Activity 2, p.5

I. INTRODUCTION
On this module, as we immerse ourselves in ‘Knowing Ourselves” in the process, it is necessary to
know some similar aspects and topic that pertains in the study of self. This may include individuals in seeing
our “self” as a growing person inside the society, and this may cross-sectionally tackle the philosophical,
bio-psycho-social aspect of the self, including the Self-Concept and its relation to the social norms or our
society.

The module will discuss the lesson about:

Reading 1: SELF-CONCEPT
Reading 2: PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
Processing: BUILD ON YOUR STRENGTHS AND WORK ON YOUR WEAKNESSES
Reading 3: UNFOLDING ONE’S PERSONAL JOURNEY THROUGH JOURNAL WRITING
Reading 4: THE POWER OF JOURNAL WRITING

II. A. DISCUSSION OF CONCEPTS

Reading 1: SELF-CONCEPT
Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do you see your ideal self or your actual
self? Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics
similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure. Your actual self, however, is the one that you
actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born to have.
The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self-concept. Self-concept refers to your
awareness of yourself. It is the construct that negotiates these two selves. In other words, it connotes first
the identification of the ideal self as separate from others, and second, it encompasses all the behaviors
evaluated in the actual self that you engage in to reach the ideal self.
The actual self is built on self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that
provide insight into how others react to you. The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how
we feel, look, and act. The actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing
how others view us, the actual self is our self-image.
The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have
developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self could include
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components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes,
and what we think is in our best interest.
There is negotiation that exists between the two selves which is complex because there are numerous
exchanges between the ideal and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in social roles that are
adjusted and re-adjusted, and are derived from outcomes of social interactions from infant to adult
development. Alignment is important. If the way that I am (the actual self) is aligned with the way that I
want to be (the ideal self), then I will feel a sense of mental well-being or peace of mind. If the way that I
am is not aligned with how I want to be, the incongruence, or lack of alignment, will result in mental
distress or anxiety. The greater the level of incongruence between the ideal self and real self, the greater
the level of resulting distress. Personal development modules ultimate aim is greater self-knowledge that
will lead to higher alignment between these two personality domains.

Reading 2: PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS

Personal effectiveness means making use of all the personal resources – talents, skills, energy and
time, to enable you to achieve life goals.
Your knowledge of yourself and how you manage yourself impacts directly on your personal effectiveness.
Being self-aware, making the most of your strengths, learning new skills and techniques and behavioral
flexibility are all keys to improving your personal performance.
Our personal effectiveness depends on our innate characteristics – talent and experience accumulated in
the process of personal development. Talents first are needed to be identified and then developed to
be used in a particular subject area (science, literature, sports, politics, etc.).
Experience includes knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process of cognitive and practical activities.
Knowledge is required for setting goals, defining an action plan to achieve them and risk
assessment.
Skills also determine whether real actions are performed in accordance with the plan. If the same ability
is used many times in the same situation, then it becomes a habit that runs automatically, subconsciously.
Here are some skills that will greatly increase the efficiency of any person who owns them:
1. Determination. It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without being distracted by less
important things or spontaneous desires. It may be developed with the help of self-discipline exercise.
2. Self-confidence. It appears in the process of personal development, as a result of getting aware of
yourself, your actions and their consequences. Self- confidence is manifested in speech, appearance,
dressing, gait, and physical condition. To develop it, you need to learn yourself and your capabilities, gain
positive attitude and believe that by performing right actions and achieving right goals you will certainly
reach success.
3. Persistence. It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles – problems, laziness,
bad emotional state, etc. It reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles. It can also be developed with the
help of self- discipline exercise.
4. Managing stress. It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the environment and other people.
Stress arises from the uncertainty in an unknown situation when a lack of information creates the risk of
negative consequences of your actions. It increases efficiency in the actively changing environment.
5. Problem-solving skills. They help cope with the problems encountered with a lack of experience. It
increases efficiency by adopting new ways of achieving goals when obtaining a new experience.
6. Creativity. It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action that no one has tried to
use. It can lead to a decrease or an increase of costs, but usually the speed of action is greatly increased
when using creative tools.
7. Generating ideas. It helps you achieve goals using new, original, unconventional ideas. Idea is a mental
image of an object formed by the human mind, which can be changed before being implemented in the
real world. For generating ideas you can use a method of mental maps, which allows you to materialize,
visualize and scrutinize all your ideas, which in turn contributes to the emergence of new ideas. These are
just some, but the most important personal effectiveness skills which make the achievement of any goal
easier and less costly.

Processing: BUILD ON YOUR STRENGTHS AND WORK ON YOUR WEAKNESSES

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Most failures emanate from weaknesses that are not recognized or probably recognized but not
given appropriate attention or remedy. This could be a weakness in communications, personality or
ability. Instead of giving up or indulging in self-pity, take action. Go for speech lessons, get skills
upgrading, attend personality development sessions or whatever appropriate remedies to your
perceived weakness.
Instead of simply focusing on your weaknesses, recognize your own talents and abilities, build on
them, utilize them to your greatest advantage. This is where you can build your name and popularity.
Physically challenged people like Jose Feliciano and other blind singers did not brood over their
physical disabilities. They recognize that they have a golden voice so they search for ways to enrich
that talent and now they have won international fame in the field of music.

Reading 3: Unfolding One’s Personal Journey through Journal Writing:

Story: YOU NEED TO TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR FUTURE by Bo Sanchez
There are three kinds of people in this world:
The first is the Moviegoer. This person watches the movie of their lives, admires some parts
and criticizes others. Aside from that, they do nothing else. All she says the whole day is, “I like this
thing and but I don’t like that thing.” The Moviegoer feels she has absolutely no control of their lives
--- except to comment about it. Moviegoers are the most pathetic, miserable people in the world.
The second is the Actor. This person does not only watch the movie of her life. She actually
realizes she’s the Actor – and can control a big part of her life. She can actually make or break the
movie – by how well she delivers her lines and how she portrays her character. Actors are a happy
bunch, realizing they’re the start of the show and enjoy some level of control. But many times, they
wish the movie would end in another way – but realize that they have no say in such things.
The third is the Scriptwriter. This person does not only watch, and she doesn’t only act, but
she actually creates the entire movie from her mind. She determines what she will say, what she will
do, and how the movie will end. She realizes she has enormous control over her life, and sees to it
that the movie of her life will turn out beautiful.
Who are you among these three people? Do you merely watch your life goes by?
Or do you act out a script that you feel has been handed to you? Or do you write the script and make
your life beautiful?
By the way, the Producer of the movie is God. He tells you, “Make the movie beautiful, and I will give
you all that you need for success.”

Reading 4: THE POWER OF JOURNAL WRITING: UNFOLDING YOUR PERSONAL JOURNEY

The purpose of journal writing is to help you become the Scriptwriter of your life.
There are four (4) practical reasons to maintain a journal:
1. It is cost-efficient and available. Emotional stress can be dealt in many ways like talking to a
friend over a cup of coffee, eating, travelling, shopping, painting and many more but writing is
the most inexpensive. Notebook and pens are easy to find, available and do not cost so much.
2. It is preventive and pro-active. Writing yields self-awareness. When you write, you can discover
your strengths and limitations. You will know what your reactions are in different situations and what
better ways to prevent, avoid, or face your fears.
3. It is creative and productive. Journal writing expounds your imagination. You can see various
dimensions of your problem, different points of view and better solutions.
4. Lastly, it is personal and private. Unless you want to share your stories, you have the choice to
keep them to yourself. Writing is your time alone. It is my way of loving yourself. You will not be
judged by your writing.

Exercise. Direction: You just need one (1) notebook to maintain a personal journal. You may use
these questions as you write in your journal:
1. How do you find this day? What are the positive things that happened? What are those things that
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made you irritated or upset?
2. As you reflect on the ups and downs of your day, what may be the greatest lesson you can learn
from them? What actions have you done well and what actions you can do better?
3. What do you really want in life? What do you want to achieve for yourself, your family, your
community, your country?
4. As you close the day, what are the small and big things you are thankful of? Who are the people
that made your day extra special?

Journal Entry 1: PROCESSING: Write your answers in your personal journal:

1. What have you discovered in yourself?
2. What are your core strengths?
3. What are the qualities you want to hone and improve on?

III.B. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY
Direction: Look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory in your
journal. Give yourself a rating using the scale: 0 = very weak; 1 = weak; 2 = somewhat
weak/somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong
1. I have strong sex appeal.
2. I am proud of my physical figure.
3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
4. I exude with charm and poise.
5. I can easily get along with.
6. I can adjust to different people and different situations.
7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.
8. I am lovable and easy to love.
9. I am a fast learner, can understand instruction easily.
10. I am intelligent.
11. I have special talents and abilities.
12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments.
13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
15. I have integrity and good reputation.
16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a model worth emulating.
17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get people to accept what I say.
19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
20. I am a good listener.
21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when faced with trouble.
22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
23. I feel and act with confidence.
24. I am a mature person.

Scoring: Copy this table in your journal. Write your score opposite each number and get the subtotal.
Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence
1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Character Communications Maturity
13 17 21
14 18 22
15 19 23
16 20 24
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:

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 How do you perceive yourself?
Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following questions.
1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-16 or somewhat weak (score
of 10-13) and very weak (below 10)?
2. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness but other people consider as your
strength? What are these? Check with a partner.
Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet others consider her very charming. Or conversely, one can
have the illusion of saying “I am very intelligent or competent” when most of his ideas sound
unreasonable or illogical to most of the people. There is indeed a big difference between what you
see in yourself (real self-image) and what is projected in the eyes of the others (your social image).
How realistic is your self- image? To what extent does it reflect your real self?

Activity 2: MY BANNER – THE TREASURE WITHIN ME

Direction: Copy the banner on a piece of short bond paper. In the spaces indicated by numbers, write
down the following
1 and 2 two things I do very well
3 and 4 my two greatest achievements in life
5 what in myself am I proudest of
6 my happiest moment
7 positive words that my friends use to describe me
8 a personal goal that I have already achieved
9 three blessings for which I am most thankful to God
10 three of my positive qualities
11 difficulties, challenges and problems that I was able
to solve and overcome
Journal Entry 2: Journal Reflection from My Banner
Direction: Write about your banner.
1. What do you consider as your weaknesses, abilities and talents?
2. What are the remedies you will take to improve or compensate for your weakness?
3. How can you further enrich your assets and strengths?
4. Where and how do you use it to your best advantage?

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 ROSALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR DEPARTMENT
Don Antonio Village, Rosales, Pangasinan

INSTRUCTION: Detach and submit this Worksheet together with the activity sheets.

WORKSHEET
Name:
Subject: PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Grade/Section:
Subj. Teacher: Jessa Loren T. Evangelista Week: 1 (Quarter III-2nd Sem)

I. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Test/Activity Score
A. Pre-Test
B. Post Test

II. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

A. IDENTIFICATON. Direction: Identify and choose the letter of the correct answer inside
the box. Write your answer on the space before the number.

A. Journal H. Actual Self

B. Self-concept I. Talent
C. Moviegoer J. Self-image
D. Ideal Self K. Scriptwriter
E. Skills L. Actor
F. Knowledge M. Personal Effectiveness
G. Self-knowledge

1. Refers to your awareness of yourself.

2. It’s a self that how we want to be.
3. Is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you.
4. It is the self who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act.
5. What is the other term for actual self?
6. Refers to make use of all the personal resources – talents, skills, energy and time, to enable
you to achieve life goals.
7. This person does not only watch, and she doesn’t only act, but she actually creates the entire
movie from her mind.
8. This person watches the movie of their lives, admires some parts and criticizes others.
9. This person delivers her lines and portrays her character.
10. It is needed to be identified and then developed to be used in a particular subject area
(science, literature, sports, politics, etc.).

B. Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following refers to your awareness of yourself?
A. Actual self C. Self-Concept
B. Ideal self D. Self-Image
2. Which statement pertains to Self-knowledge?
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 A. It is the self that you aspire to be.
B. It is the self that you actually see.
C. It is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you.
D. It is an idealized image that we developed over time, based on what we have learned and
experienced.
3. It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other
worldly figure.
A. Actual self C. Self-Concept
B. Ideal self D. Self-Image
4. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, or in some cases, born to have.
A. Actual self C. Self-Concept
B. Ideal self D. Self-Image
5. It is the union of elements, namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and sensations that
constitute the individuality and identity of a person.
A. Habit C. Self-Concept
B. Ideal Self D. Self-Image

C. Give atleast 5 skills that increases the efficiency of a person. Explain each skill in your own
words.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 III. REFLECTIVE ASSESSMENT
1. What concepts or skills did you learn well?

2. What concepts or skills was difficult to understand?

3. What activities did you enjoy the most?

4. What activity was hard to execute?

5. Did you ask help from your teacher? (Yes or No).

If Yes, did you immediately receive the needed
assistance?
Was the given assistance helpful for you to understand better the lesson?

References
Roldan, Amelia S. (2003). On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development and
Character Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services (SDMS), Paranaque City,
Metro Manila.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-self-concept-in-psychology-definition-lesson-
quiz.html;http://study.com/academy/lesson/ideal-self-vs-real-self-definition-lesson-quiz.html
http://www.chrysalisdevelopment.com/page6/page4/page4.html
http://www.learning-mind.com/7-basic-personal-effectiveness-skills/
Sanchez, Bo. (2006). Life Dreams Success Journal: Your Powerful Tool to Achieve and Surpass Your
Dreams One Step at a Time. Shepherd’s Voice Publishing.