Caro SLT
Caro SLT
Caro SLT
AT
BY
CAROLINE PSALM
ST/SLT/ND/20/331
AUGUST, 2022
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) report to God
almighty for the strength, guidance, wisdom, knowledge and understanding he
grant me more knowledge and experience toward my training skill.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my profound gratitude to God almighty for his mercy, guidance
And protection throughout my SIWES industrial training attachment with a great
success and my appreciation also goes to my world best Parent MR and Mrs Psalm
Sunday for their support during the period of my academic work.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page …………………………………………………………………………………………………i
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................................iii
CHARPTER ONE.....................................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF INDUSTIRAL TRAINING FOUND................................................................1
1.2 AIM.......................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Brief History of C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center..................................................................3
1.4 ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY............................................................................................3
1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTION IN THE LABORATORY UNIT.............................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................5
2.0 HEMATOLOGY UNIT......................................................................................................................5
2.1 BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION...................................................................................................5
2.2 HEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION........................................................................................................6
2.3 PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)....................................................................................................7
2.4 WIDAL REACTION TEST................................................................................................................8
2.5 BLOOD GROUPING..........................................................................................................................9
2.7 MALARIA PARASITE.....................................................................................................................11
2.8 STOOL EXAMINATION.................................................................................................................12
2.9 URINE EXAMINATION..................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................14
3.1 PREGNANCY TEST.........................................................................................................................14
3.2 URINALYSIS....................................................................................................................................14
2.12 VIROLOGY UNIT..........................................................................................................................15
SOME OF THE TEST CARRY OUT IN THE UNIT..........................................................................16
3.3 HEPATITIS VIRUS (HBSAG).........................................................................................................17
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................................19
4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES...............................................................19
4.1 EXPERIENCE ACHIEVED.............................................................................................................19
4.2 RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................................................19
4.3 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................20
4.4 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................21
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CHARPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) report gives give the
detailed account of my training and activity during my SIWES period with general
hospital Uba. This report is to give an insight to the practical done in the four (4)
month, and I was deployed to the department of medical laboratory and was
attach with the lab scientist.
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1.2 AIM
To bridge the gap between theoretical learning and practical industrial work.
OBJECTIVES
The general objectives of the student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)
are as follows:
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1.3 Brief History of C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center
The hospital was formed by, private ownership and effort in 1983. The sketch
work service was started in 1989. As comprehensive health care under ministry of
health care.
In 1992 the hospital 'was commissioned and named as C.R.C.N Comprehensive
Health center State by Governor Alhaji Mina Ma Aji the Hospital was held by
private ownership health that is three people in all who were the principal medical
officer (P.M.O) in charge, chief nursing and secretary of the hospital containing
three word which are: maternity word radiology department. Laboratory
department, and family Planning unit.
The C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center was renovated by C.E.O the owner in
2010 where a new mortuary was built.
1.4 ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY
Diagnosis of diseases
Introducing the ITF student to each unit in the hospital.
Medical supplies
1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTION IN THE LABORATORY UNIT
Lab coats must be worn during laboratory session
Hand gloved must be used to avoid being contaminated with some
infection.
Eating, chewing gum, drinking, and application of cosmetic, smoking is
prohibited in the laboratory.
There should be no storage of food and food items in the refrigerators.
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Organizational chart of C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center
PRINCIPAL MEDICAL
ASSISTANT MEDICAL
CHIEF NURSE
DIRECTOR MORTUARY
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 HEMATOLOGY UNIT
Hematology this is the study of normality and abnormality of blood. The
INVESTIGATION
Blood collection
Hemoglobin estimations
Pack el volume (PVC)
Widal test
Blood grouping etc.
2.1 BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION
Veinous collection blood sample and capillary tube materials
i. Touniquet
ii. Cotton wool
iii. 70% alcohol
iv. Syringe and needle
PROCEDURE
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vi. The tourniquet was gently released before removing the needle.
vii. Cotton wool was placed at the puncture to stop bleeding.
viii. The collected blood sample was transferred was transferred into EDTA
container and labeled for analysis.
2.2 HEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION
AIM: To determine hemoglobin concentration in blood
PROCEDURES:
Male - - - - - - - - - - (13-18/d1)
Female - - - - - - - - - (12-15/dl)
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Infant 0-2 years - - - - - - - -(13-9g/dl1)
METHOD: Microchematocrate
Procedure
i. The capillary tube was filled with the sample by capillary action to atleast
2/3level of the tube.
ii. The tube was wiped using a piece of a cotton wool
iii. One end of the tube was sealed with sealant
iv. It was placed in the radial gloves of the hematocrit centrifuge lead, with the
opened and toward the center
v. The lip was replaced.
vi. It was centrifuge at 1000pm for 5 minutes
vii. The device was allowed to stop on its own
viii. It was removed and used the reader to read the percentage of packed red
cell.
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RESULT: 42%
Normal ranges:
PRECAUTION:
I sealed the tube properly without exposing the blood sample to necked flame
I used capillary tube I ensured that the centrifuge has done at 100rmp for 5
minutes
SPECIMENT: Serum
PROCEDURE:
Two horizontal lines of four drops of salmonella antigen (O&H) were placed
on a clear dry tile at different portion.
Equal drop of serum was added to each droop antigen
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They were missed separately
It was rock for 5 minutes and observed for the presence of agglutination.
RESULT:
COMMENTS:
AIM: Cell grouping it is the testing of unknown red cell for the presence or
absence of A and B antigen with unknown anti-A, B and Sera.
MATERIA
Clean tile
Anti-sera (A,B and D)
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Cotton wool
Applicator Stick
PROCEDURE
A drop of each anti Sera (A, B and D) where placed at deferent portion of a
tile
Equal drop of blood sample was added to each antigen
Then mixed and rock for 3 minutes
Agglutination and Non- Agglutination occur indicating the blood grouping
A B C Result
A-
B-
O-
O+
A+
B+
AB-
AB+
NON AGGLUTINATION
AGGLUTINATION
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Investigation
Malaria parasite
Stool examination
2.7 MALARIA PARASITE
AIM: To determine the presence of malaria parasite",
PROCEDURE
On a free grease slide drop of blood sample was placed at the centre to
obtain a smear
I allowed to air dry
RESULT
3-7 Parasite =+
7-9 Parasite = ++
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2.8 STOOL EXAMINATION
AIM: To determine the presence of ova, cyst and larvae of a parasite
MATERIAL: Normal saline, application stick, microscope slide, and cover slip
PROCEDURE
On a free grease slide a drop of normal saline was placed at a center using a
clean pasture pipette.
Using an applicator stick a pea size of stool was emulsified on it
I covered it with a cover slip
Air bubble and over flooding was avoided
I examine it microscopically using x 10 and 20 objective lens
Microscopic examination
MATERIAL: centrifuge machine and its tubes, glass slide and microscope, urine
sample.
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PROCEDURE:
Schistosoma haematobium
Cells e.g. epithelial cell, red blood cell, yeast cells, casts.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.1 PREGNANCY TEST
AIM: To determine human
PROCEDURE
Procedures:
The test strip dipped into the urine sample for some seconds:
After 2-3 seconds, the strip was compare with the colour scale on the strip
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Container.
OBSERVATION:
It was observed that when the sirip was changed, to blood, it was positive;
urobolonogen-dark milk was normal, light pink double was positive for bilirubin
etc.
BLOOD
UROBILINOGEN
PROTEIN
KETEIN
ASCORBIC ACID
GLUCOSE
pH
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It experiences countless infection throughout the lives with a particular high
This is HV (Human Immune Virus) test, which is disease caused by AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and is done to determine in either positive or
negative.
Blood sample
RVS Strip
Tourniquet
Syringe and needle
Cotton wool
70% alcohol
Sample bottle
Dropping pipette
PROCEDURE:
A blood sample was collected from a patient and transferred into a sample
bottle. The sample was spine for about'5 minutes in a centrifuge machine to
separate the plasma and the packed cell.
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Using dropping pipette, two drop of plasma was doped into RVS strip and
allowed to some minutes for result interpretation.
RESULT
I ensured that, the sample was carefully collected abiding all precautions
necessary.
I ensured that, the strip used in the test has not expired, to avoid invalid
result.
3.3 HEPATITIS VIRUS (HBSAG)
This disease is the inflammation of the liver and is caused by the virus which
Have the ability to stay alive for a long period of time outside the host.
This shows how dangerous the disease is and it is done to know whether a
MATERIALS:
Blood sample
Hepatitis strip
Dropping pipette
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Cotton wool
70% alcohol
Syringe and needle
Sample bottle
PROCEDURE
A sample was collected from a patient and transferred into a sample bottle
and was shacked well, the sample was spin for about 5 minutes in a centrifuge
machine to separate the plasma and the packed cell. Using dropping pipette, few
drop of the plasma was dropped onto the hepatitis strip and allowed for new
minutes to observe the result.
RESULT
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES
In my own case I had no problem relating with the staff during my ITF training
I found I difficult with some patient, the first time when I start my ITF training,
when collecting a blood samples, but to God be the Glory I was able to tackle
those problems before I left the organization.
And I was exposed to different section of the laboratory. I can now explain the
use and function of different apparatus and machineries used in the laboratory
for different kind of test.
4.2 RECOMMENDATION
This student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) at hospital Uba Borno
was interesting some students find it difficult to carry out some of the test with
modern equipment in the laboratory. Likewise, there was restriction on some of
the equipment which is only operate by the specialist in the establishment. In this
respect I am pleading with the government to provide modern equipment to
school.
The laboratory and the student be given opportunity to operate the available-
equipment in school laboratory (Physics, Chemistry and Microbiology).
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Secondly the ITF official should try to visit establishment where students are
4.3 SUMMARY
The experience of our four 4 months’ students industrial work experience
scheme (SIWES) attachment, we are able to agree with the objectives of industrial
Training Fund (ITF) in combination with university and the Industrial section
bridging the gaps between theory and the actual practices.
Fund the practical posting we acquire a lot of experience and skill in our field
of knowing How to carry out many test with by ourselves.
4.4 CONCLUSION
This student industrial work experience scheme attachment program has really
enlightened us a lot of things that we have not done it during our theoretical
study and it also exposed us to many principles, test and some machines that we
have not seen or handle before.
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REFERENCES
Baron N.D (1973) textbook of clinical pathology. Third edition Biddles Ltd.
JA.M.A 179:807 Teitz N.W (1995) Clinical guide to laboratory test third edition,
Willey J.M Sherwood L, Wooverton C.J Prescott L.M (2009) Prescott Principal
of Microbiology, McGraw Hill higher edition .pp ISBN 978-0-721341-1.
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