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A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT

C.R.C.N COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH CENTER

FROM: 14th FEBRUARY, 2022

TO: 30TH JUNE, 2022

BY
CAROLINE PSALM
ST/SLT/ND/20/331

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY


TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL POLYTHECNIC MUBI ADAMAWA STATE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN SCIENCE LABORATORY
TECHNOLOGY

AUGUST, 2022

i
DEDICATION
I dedicate this student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) report to God
almighty for the strength, guidance, wisdom, knowledge and understanding he
grant me more knowledge and experience toward my training skill.

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my profound gratitude to God almighty for his mercy, guidance
And protection throughout my SIWES industrial training attachment with a great
success and my appreciation also goes to my world best Parent MR and Mrs Psalm
Sunday for their support during the period of my academic work.

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page …………………………………………………………………………………………………i

DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................................iii
CHARPTER ONE.....................................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF INDUSTIRAL TRAINING FOUND................................................................1
1.2 AIM.......................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Brief History of C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center..................................................................3
1.4 ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY............................................................................................3
1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTION IN THE LABORATORY UNIT.............................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................5
2.0 HEMATOLOGY UNIT......................................................................................................................5
2.1 BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION...................................................................................................5
2.2 HEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION........................................................................................................6
2.3 PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)....................................................................................................7
2.4 WIDAL REACTION TEST................................................................................................................8
2.5 BLOOD GROUPING..........................................................................................................................9
2.7 MALARIA PARASITE.....................................................................................................................11
2.8 STOOL EXAMINATION.................................................................................................................12
2.9 URINE EXAMINATION..................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................14
3.1 PREGNANCY TEST.........................................................................................................................14
3.2 URINALYSIS....................................................................................................................................14
2.12 VIROLOGY UNIT..........................................................................................................................15
SOME OF THE TEST CARRY OUT IN THE UNIT..........................................................................16
3.3 HEPATITIS VIRUS (HBSAG).........................................................................................................17
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................................19
4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES...............................................................19
4.1 EXPERIENCE ACHIEVED.............................................................................................................19
4.2 RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................................................19
4.3 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................20
4.4 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................21

iv
v
CHARPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) report gives give the
detailed account of my training and activity during my SIWES period with general
hospital Uba. This report is to give an insight to the practical done in the four (4)
month, and I was deployed to the department of medical laboratory and was
attach with the lab scientist.

1.1 Brief History of Industrial Training Found


The technical education exists to serve industries. It is therefore, necessary that a
high degree of cooperation be maintained between technical institution and
industries.

The forth common wealth education conference recommend that industries


should be closely associated with technological education and through policy
making man power planning curriculum development provision of opportunity for
industrials experience accreditation of consultancy service part time courses
vocational guidance cooperation between institution and produce the number of
quality of technical workers required by the industrial under such. The industrial
training found (ITF) was establish by federal government of Nigeria in October
1971 by decree no the decree ensure the greater participation of industries in
Technical Education.

The ITF compose some by the federal government and industries.

1
1.2 AIM
To bridge the gap between theoretical learning and practical industrial work.

OBJECTIVES

The general objectives of the student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)
are as follows:

1. To exposed and prepare students for industrials working condition.


2. To exposed student towards method in handling equipment and tools
which may not be available in school.
3. To strengthen the relationship between institution and sector.
4. To enlist and strengthen employer's involvement in the educational process
of preparing student for employment in the industries.
5. To student for business carrier by using his/her work experience self-
reliance.
6. It aids student to test value assist in developing skill in the application of
theory, principle and concepts for real problem solving provide the student
with standard technical training vocation.
7. The student should bring to the institution up to date information on
business and industrials practice and new technology.

2
1.3 Brief History of C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center
The hospital was formed by, private ownership and effort in 1983. The sketch
work service was started in 1989. As comprehensive health care under ministry of
health care.
In 1992 the hospital 'was commissioned and named as C.R.C.N Comprehensive
Health center State by Governor Alhaji Mina Ma Aji the Hospital was held by
private ownership health that is three people in all who were the principal medical
officer (P.M.O) in charge, chief nursing and secretary of the hospital containing
three word which are: maternity word radiology department. Laboratory
department, and family Planning unit.
The C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center was renovated by C.E.O the owner in
2010 where a new mortuary was built.
1.4 ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY
 Diagnosis of diseases
 Introducing the ITF student to each unit in the hospital.
 Medical supplies
1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTION IN THE LABORATORY UNIT
 Lab coats must be worn during laboratory session
 Hand gloved must be used to avoid being contaminated with some
infection.
 Eating, chewing gum, drinking, and application of cosmetic, smoking is
prohibited in the laboratory.
 There should be no storage of food and food items in the refrigerators.

3
Organizational chart of C.R.C.N Comprehensive Health center

PRINCIPAL MEDICAL

ASSISTANT MEDICAL

CHIEF NURSE

RECEPTION LABORATORY X-RAY

PHARMACY THEATER CLEANER

MATERNITY WORD SECURITY

DIRECTOR MORTUARY

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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 HEMATOLOGY UNIT
Hematology this is the study of normality and abnormality of blood. The

following are the investigation carried out in the unit.

INVESTIGATION

 Blood collection
 Hemoglobin estimations
 Pack el volume (PVC)
 Widal test
 Blood grouping etc.
2.1 BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION
Veinous collection blood sample and capillary tube materials

i. Touniquet
ii. Cotton wool
iii. 70% alcohol
iv. Syringe and needle
PROCEDURE

i. The patience was seating comfortable on chair


ii. Tourniquet was used to tie the upper arm of the patent to make the
prominent.
iii. The prominent vein was observed.
iv. 70% alcohol swab to sterilize the prominent vein.
v. Syringe and needle were assembled and inserted into the prominent vein
and blood sample was drawn into syringe.

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vi. The tourniquet was gently released before removing the needle.
vii. Cotton wool was placed at the puncture to stop bleeding.
viii. The collected blood sample was transferred was transferred into EDTA
container and labeled for analysis.
2.2 HEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION
AIM: To determine hemoglobin concentration in blood

METHOD: When hemoglobin is added to acid (HCL), it is converted in a slow


Chemical reaction to acid haemating; the brown color is formed is further diluted
with the acid until the intensity of the mixture seen matches with the standard
provided.

MATERIAL: Venous/capillary blood samples, 0.02ml hemoglobin pipette, 0.1N


HC1 (10mls dilute in 90mls) of distilled water, sahli, graduated tube and
hemoglobin meter.

PROCEDURES:

i. The graduated tube was fill up to 20 mark 0.1N HCL.


ii. 20ML of blood pipette excess blood was wiped off.
iii. It was placed in sahli comparator, 0:1 N HCL was added till the colour
matches with the standard.
iv. The volume of solution in the graduated tube was read and excess in (g/dl).
NORMAL RANGE

Male - - - - - - - - - - (13-18/d1)

Female - - - - - - - - - (12-15/dl)

Pregnant women -- - - - - - - - (11.5-15.5)

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Infant 0-2 years - - - - - - - -(13-9g/dl1)

Children 2-12 years - - - - - - -(11.5-16g/dl)

New born baby -- - - - - - - (14-20g/dl)

2.3 PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)


AIM: To know the percentage volume of blood

METHOD: Microchematocrate

MATERIAL: Micro hematocrit centrifuge, capillary tube, hematocrit reader, clay


tube (sealant) or gas flame.

Procedure

i. The capillary tube was filled with the sample by capillary action to atleast
2/3level of the tube.
ii. The tube was wiped using a piece of a cotton wool
iii. One end of the tube was sealed with sealant
iv. It was placed in the radial gloves of the hematocrit centrifuge lead, with the
opened and toward the center
v. The lip was replaced.
vi. It was centrifuge at 1000pm for 5 minutes
vii. The device was allowed to stop on its own
viii. It was removed and used the reader to read the percentage of packed red
cell.

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RESULT: 42%

Normal ranges:

Adult men - - -- - - - - - - (35-54%)

Adult women - - - - - - - - :35-45%)

Infant 2-5 years - - - - - - - (32-45%

Infant 2-12 years - - - - - - - - (32-45%)

New born baby - - - - - - - - (42-54%)

PRECAUTION:

I sealed the tube properly without exposing the blood sample to necked flame

I used capillary tube I ensured that the centrifuge has done at 100rmp for 5
minutes

2.4 WIDAL REACTION TEST


AIM: To test for presence of salmonella antibodies in a patient serum

METHOD: Tile method

MATERIAL: Tile, pusher pipette, cotton wool, steroid.

SPECIMENT: Serum

PROCEDURE:

 Two horizontal lines of four drops of salmonella antigen (O&H) were placed
on a clear dry tile at different portion.
 Equal drop of serum was added to each droop antigen

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 They were missed separately
 It was rock for 5 minutes and observed for the presence of agglutination.
RESULT:

The title can be written as follows:

Salmonella O antigen - - - - -- salmonella H antigen

Salmonella O paralypfi A 1/180- - - - salmonella H.paratypfi


B1/60

Salmonella O paratypfi C 1/40 - - - - - salmonella H paratypfi C


1/160

Salmonella O paratypfi D 1/320 - - - - salmonella H paratypfi D


1/20

COMMENTS:

 Significant > 1/160 and 1/320


 Border line = 1/180
 Negative =< 1/40
2.5 BLOOD GROUPING
METHOD: cell grouping

AIM: Cell grouping it is the testing of unknown red cell for the presence or
absence of A and B antigen with unknown anti-A, B and Sera.

MATERIA

 Clean tile
 Anti-sera (A,B and D)

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 Cotton wool
 Applicator Stick
PROCEDURE

 A drop of each anti Sera (A, B and D) where placed at deferent portion of a
tile
 Equal drop of blood sample was added to each antigen
 Then mixed and rock for 3 minutes
 Agglutination and Non- Agglutination occur indicating the blood grouping
A B C Result

A-

B-

O-

O+

A+

B+

AB-

AB+

NON AGGLUTINATION

AGGLUTINATION

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Investigation

 Malaria parasite
 Stool examination
2.7 MALARIA PARASITE
AIM: To determine the presence of malaria parasite",

MATERIAL: Tap water, Microscope, Slide, Field strain A and B

PROCEDURE

 On a free grease slide drop of blood sample was placed at the centre to
obtain a smear
I allowed to air dry

I stained with field stain for 30 seconds

I washed in clean water

I washed in clean water

I allowed to air dry

 Immersion oil was added to the sample


I observed it microscopically using x IO0 objective lens

RESULT

0-3 Parasite = scanty

3-7 Parasite =+

7-9 Parasite = ++

9 and above = +++

11
2.8 STOOL EXAMINATION
AIM: To determine the presence of ova, cyst and larvae of a parasite

MATERIAL: Normal saline, application stick, microscope slide, and cover slip

PROCEDURE

 On a free grease slide a drop of normal saline was placed at a center using a
clean pasture pipette.
 Using an applicator stick a pea size of stool was emulsified on it
 I covered it with a cover slip
 Air bubble and over flooding was avoided
I examine it microscopically using x 10 and 20 objective lens

I observed the presence of ova cyst or protozoa

2.9 URINE EXAMINATION


AIM: To examine for the presence of parasite, ova, epíthelial cell etc. this is done
microscopically and microscopically.

Microscopic examination

 Colour: Deep amber


 Appearance: cloudy
 Odor: Aromatic
Microscopic examination

MATERIAL: centrifuge machine and its tubes, glass slide and microscope, urine
sample.

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PROCEDURE:

 10mls of the urine was placed in a test tube


 I centrifuged it at 150Orpm for 5 minutes.
 The upper natant was discard to re-suspend the deposit.
 On a grease free slide, the drop of the urine deposit was placed at the
center
 I covered with a cover slip
 I observed it microscopically using x 10 and x objectives.
RESULT:

 Schistosoma haematobium
Cells e.g. epithelial cell, red blood cell, yeast cells, casts.

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CHAPTER THREE
3.1 PREGNANCY TEST
AIM: To determine human

METHOD: Strip method

MATERIALS: pregnancy test strip, urine sample

PROCEDURE

 The urine sample was placed in a test tube


 Pregnancy strip was immersed gently up to the mark point
 I allowed it for 2 seconds.
 I removed it and observed for the colour line appears
RESULT:

 Double line indicate positive


 Single line indicate negative
 If no line indicate the result is invalid.
3.2 URINALYSIS
AIM: To determine the abnormality of the kidney and urinary infection in the
urine.

MATERILALS: urine sample, combi-9 test strip, universal container

Procedures:

 The test strip dipped into the urine sample for some seconds:
 After 2-3 seconds, the strip was compare with the colour scale on the strip

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Container.

OBSERVATION:

It was observed that when the sirip was changed, to blood, it was positive;

urobolonogen-dark milk was normal, light pink double was positive for bilirubin
etc.

BLOOD

UROBILINOGEN

PROTEIN

KETEIN

ASCORBIC ACID

GLUCOSE

pH

2.12 VIROLOGY UNIT


This is the unit that mostly deals with the internal infection (viruses) which

Cause the absolute illness to the patient."

Viruses contribute significantly to the global burden of disease infections.

15
It experiences countless infection throughout the lives with a particular high

Frequency in early childhood.

SOME OF THE TEST CARRY OUT IN THE UNIT


 Retroviral screening (RVS)
 Hepatitis viras (HBsAg)
RETROVIRAL SCREENING (RVS)

This is HV (Human Immune Virus) test, which is disease caused by AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and is done to determine in either positive or
negative.

AIM: To test for HIV (Human Immune Virus) in blood of patient

 Blood sample
 RVS Strip
 Tourniquet
 Syringe and needle
 Cotton wool
 70% alcohol
 Sample bottle
 Dropping pipette
PROCEDURE:

A blood sample was collected from a patient and transferred into a sample
bottle. The sample was spine for about'5 minutes in a centrifuge machine to
separate the plasma and the packed cell.

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Using dropping pipette, two drop of plasma was doped into RVS strip and
allowed to some minutes for result interpretation.

RESULT

 Two band line on the test strip indicates positive


 One band line on the test strip indicates negative
 No band line on the test strip indicates invalid.
PRECAUTION

 I ensured that, the sample was carefully collected abiding all precautions
necessary.
 I ensured that, the strip used in the test has not expired, to avoid invalid
result.
3.3 HEPATITIS VIRUS (HBSAG)
This disease is the inflammation of the liver and is caused by the virus which

Have the ability to stay alive for a long period of time outside the host.

This shows how dangerous the disease is and it is done to know whether a

Patient is infected or not.

AIM: To determine hepatitis virus in patient blood

MATERIALS:

 Blood sample
 Hepatitis strip
 Dropping pipette

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 Cotton wool
 70% alcohol
 Syringe and needle
 Sample bottle
PROCEDURE

A sample was collected from a patient and transferred into a sample bottle
and was shacked well, the sample was spin for about 5 minutes in a centrifuge
machine to separate the plasma and the packed cell. Using dropping pipette, few
drop of the plasma was dropped onto the hepatitis strip and allowed for new
minutes to observe the result.

RESULT

 To line band on the strip, indicate positive result


 One-line band on the strip indicate negative result
 No line band on the strip indicate invalid result.

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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES
In my own case I had no problem relating with the staff during my ITF training
I found I difficult with some patient, the first time when I start my ITF training,
when collecting a blood samples, but to God be the Glory I was able to tackle
those problems before I left the organization.

4.1 EXPERIENCE ACHIEVED


The importance of Industrial Training cannot longer be over emphasized. It is
a good ground to exploit and discover much of our potentials in the world
science.

At the end of my training I was able to investigate different type of disease in


human being.

And I was exposed to different section of the laboratory. I can now explain the
use and function of different apparatus and machineries used in the laboratory
for different kind of test.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION
This student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) at hospital Uba Borno
was interesting some students find it difficult to carry out some of the test with
modern equipment in the laboratory. Likewise, there was restriction on some of
the equipment which is only operate by the specialist in the establishment. In this
respect I am pleading with the government to provide modern equipment to
school.

The laboratory and the student be given opportunity to operate the available-
equipment in school laboratory (Physics, Chemistry and Microbiology).

19
Secondly the ITF official should try to visit establishment where students are

Undergoing their SIWES program. Finally, to my incoming student who may


undergo course of study establishment should be equipped with modern
equipment.

4.3 SUMMARY
The experience of our four 4 months’ students industrial work experience
scheme (SIWES) attachment, we are able to agree with the objectives of industrial
Training Fund (ITF) in combination with university and the Industrial section
bridging the gaps between theory and the actual practices.

Fund the practical posting we acquire a lot of experience and skill in our field
of knowing How to carry out many test with by ourselves.

Finally, this industrial attachment has a man power development in the


country.

4.4 CONCLUSION
This student industrial work experience scheme attachment program has really
enlightened us a lot of things that we have not done it during our theoretical
study and it also exposed us to many principles, test and some machines that we
have not seen or handle before.

20
REFERENCES
Baron N.D (1973) textbook of clinical pathology. Third edition Biddles Ltd.

Guilford surrey Great Britain pp 178-183

Florissant Fossil beds National Monument Explorer the world of Florissant

Paleontology. http/planning.ng.gov/Grant G.H et al (1987).

Fundamental of clipical chemistry third edition, WB Saunders company


Phidephia USA pp 329-333 Leonard's J {1962) Simple test for Hematuria
Compared with established tests.

JA.M.A 179:807 Teitz N.W (1995) Clinical guide to laboratory test third edition,

W.B Saunder company. Phidephia, USA pp 329.333. weltman 0. (1992), method


for the simple detection of urinary tract infections. Wien Med Wschr72:618,

Willey J.M Sherwood L, Wooverton C.J Prescott L.M (2009) Prescott Principal
of Microbiology, McGraw Hill higher edition .pp ISBN 978-0-721341-1.

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